MASENO UNIVERSITY

GSQ NI LAZIMA DISCUSSION GROUP

ECT 211: EDUCATIONAL MEDIA AND RESOURCES.

1.Explain three reasons for inclusion of noise in revised Shannon weaver model 3mks
Explain four advantages of using a variety of electronic media in your classroom 4mks
Describe how a classroom teacher can use each of the following forms of non-verbal
communication positively to motivate learners:8mks
i) Paralanguage
ii) Kinesics
iii) Eye contact
iv) Proxemics
Describe the roles of encoding and decoding in classroom communication process 6mks
Define the following terms used in media and communication by emphasizing their impacts in
classroom activities.4mks
i) Social media
ii) Mobile technologies
iii) Adaptive technologies
iv) eLearning
2. Using clear examples to support your answer, discus the challenges you would face in
developing electronic media for use in one of your teaching subjects.10mks
Identify any five advantages of using the television in teaching and learning in any of your
teaching subject 5mks
3. Explain any five factors a teacher would consider in the selection and use of instructional
media10mks
Mention any five problems that have hindered effective implementation of radio broadcasting
programs in Kenya. 5mks
4.Describe the development of Schram’s (1954) model of classroom communication 5mks
Giving reasons explain why secondary school teachers should adopt Schram’s model of
classroom communication. 10mks
5.Justify the need for a school to incur capital expenditures in setting up a school multi-media
center 10mks
Use specific examples relevant to Kenya ton explain the role of new information technologies in
the improvement of the quality of the content delivery in secondary schools 5mks
6.Highlight 5 advantages of using social media in classroom instruction 10mks
Explain 5 challenges teachers are likely to experience as the ministry of education introduces
mobile learning in primary schools in Kenya 10mks
7.State five factors to consider when designing a teaching learning aid 5mks
Explain four different categories of media one could find in a well-maintained school multi-
media Centre 4mks
State 5 ways in which computer simulation has been beneficial to teaching in Kenya 5mks
Explain noise to effective communication to classroom 5mks
8.Discuss factors that limit effective use of teaching learning materials in school 20mks
9.Use a lesson plan to describe how you would design and use a specified electronic media in
teaching one of your subjects 20mks
10.Identify and explain how any five community resources could be used to promote learning in
secondary schools 10mks
11.Discuss any new trends in the use of ICT in the classroom 10mks
12.Compare and contrast Shannon and Weaver original model and Laswell’s model of
communication within the context of teaching and learning. 20mks
2023
1.With examples of each, differentiate a model of communication from a theory of
communication.4mks
b) Describe how any principles of Laswell’s model of communication from a theory of
communication 3mks
c) explain any three challenges limiting the use of educational radio broadcasts in Kenyan
secondary schools. 3mks
d) list and explain five barriers to classroom communication 5mks
e) state five examples of print media and explain how they can be used in the teaching and
learning of one of your teaching subjects 5mks
f) explain five advantages of using a variety of electronic media in your classroom 5mks
2. State three components of communication and explain how each component impacts
classroom communication 20mks
3 a) Describe five emerging learning technologies and illustrate their application in CBC 15mks
b) explain five reasons why most Kenyan secondary schoolteachers fail to integrate ICT in
their classroom practice 5mks
4. state 5 benefits of using instructional media 5mks
b) explain five factors a teacher would consider in the selection and production of instructional
media 10mks
5.identify and explain how any community resources can be used to teach one of your teaching
subjects 5mks
b) explain any five difficulties you may encounter in the process of selecting and using
community resources for subject teaching 15mks
6.Descibe any components of school multi-media center and explain their benefits for teaching
and learning in Kenyan secondary schools 15mks
Others
1. Describe any five effective communication skills that a teacher really needs in classroom
2. Use a diagram to represent five key elements in communication cycle
3. Explain the, meaning of the term noise and give examples
4. Describe new technologies that are likely to shape future classroom instructional process
5. Explain any five non verbal communication that a teacher may use to better his
performance
6. Explain the advantage of using variety of electronic media in classroom
7. Describe five importance of radio broadcast in schools citing examples
8. Describe the disadvantages of electronic media
9. Explain the role of encoding and decoding in classroom communication process
10. Describe the role of new technologies in the improvement of instruction
11. Describe five new examples of new information technologies already in use in Kenyan
classroom
12. Explain the challenges you would face in developing an identified electronic media for
use in your teaching subject
 ECT 212: CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
1. Define the following terms 6mks
i) Goals of education
ii) Curriculum
iii) Instructional objectives
2. Briefly explain the three elements of curriculum 6mks
3. State the four fundamental questions that according to Tyler (1949) should guide the
curriculum development process. 4mks
4. Distinguish between formal and non-formal dimensions of curriculum 2mks
5. Give two examples of experiences falling within informal dimensions of curriculum
2mks
6. Give three reasons why curriculum is considered important in education 3mks
7. Marsh and Willis (2007) introduce three concepts in curriculum namely; planned
curriculum, enacted curriculum and enacted curriculum. Carefully explain this
concepts 6mks
8. Explain why the term extra-curricular is not suitable for describing non-academic
activities taking place outside classroom 3mks
9. Name three philosophical schools of thought regarding the content to be taught in
subject 3mks
10. Explain fully 3 philosophical schools of thought 6mks
11. Define learning experiences 2mks
12. Discuss the criteria of selecting learning experiences 18mks
13. Identify six factors to be considered in effective organization of the content 6mks
14. Explain the six factors identified for effective organization of the content 14mks
15. Trace the history of KIE now KICD as a curriculum development center in Kenya
8mk
16. State functions of KICD 6mks
17. Discuss challenges facing curriculum developments in Kenya 6mks
2023
Explain any eight roles of examination in Kenya
1. Define the following terms 5mks
i) Education
ii) Schooling
iii) Curriculum development
iv) Content
v) Learning experience
2. With the use of example distinguish aims, goals and objectives. 6mks
3. a 8mks
4. State three theories of subject matter and identify the philosophical schools of thought
associated with each 6mks
5. Use examples to illustrate how each of the following goals of education in keya are
depicted in education policies and programs 15mks
i) Fostering nationalism, patriotism and national unity
ii) Promoting individual development and self-fulfillment
iii) Promoting sound moral and religious values
iv) Promoting social equality and responsibility
v) Promoting respect for development of Kenya rich and varied cultures
vi) Promoting international and consciousness
vii) Promoting positive attitude towards good health and environmental protection
6. Explain the process of curriculum implementation in kenya 9mks
7. Explain six challenges encountered in curriculum implementation in kenya 6mks
8. Explain four factors in the society that influence the school curriculum 8mks
9. Outline functions of KICD 7mks
10. Identify three elements of school curriculum 3mks
11. What are the three dimensions of the school curriculum3mks?
12. Discuss the relationship between the elements and dimensions of the school curriculum
9mks
13. Stae the difference between 8-4-4 and 2-6-6-3 curriculum based on the following
elements 8mks
i) Structure
ii) Philosophy
iii) Knowledge, skills and attitudes
iv) Evaluation
14. Explain any four competencies that the new 2-6-6-3system of education in kenya seeks to
develop among learners
15. Outline possible challenges of implemented the CBC curriculum in kenya.

EDF 210: PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

1. Discuss five reasons why dialogue as a teaching strategy ought to be emphasized in the
theory and practice of education in Kenya 10mks
2. Using relevant examples discuss five possible ways through which the practice of the
ideas of democracy could inculcate creativity among learners in our secondary schools
10mks
3. Discuss five ways through which empirical knowledge is relevant to theory and practice
of education 10mks
 4. Discuss Mwalimu Julius Nyerere’s contributions to development of education thought in
Africa with specific reference to the philosophy of self-reliance 20mks
5. Identify and discuss the three conditions employed by R.S. Peter for defining the concept
education 20mks
6. Define the term knowledge and state why the teaching of theories of knowledge is
relevant to teacher trainees 20mks
7. Explain the meaning of idealisms as a philosophical thought 5mks
8. Examine how you can enhance the teaching learning process using any of the three
methods of teaching advocated by idealist 15mks
9. Define the term philosophy of education 5mk
10. Explain the following content of technical philosophy 20mk
i) Logic
ii) Epistemology
iii) Axiology
iv) Metaphysics
11. Highlight the following functions of technical philosophy10mks
I) Critical philosophy
II) The rational function
12. Distinguish between teleological and deontological theories of moral education 14mks
13. Using relevant examples, justify the view that education is perceived as an initiation
according to R.S. Peters.24mks
14. Explain the two conditions of knowledge
i) The belief conditions
ii) The truth conditions
15. Discuss the importance of any two national goals of education in Kenya 14mks
16. Philosophy of education is both philosophy and character. Discuss 24mks
2023
1. Explain three aspects of technical philosophy as applied to education 6mks
2. Distinguish between the following concepts learning and education 4mks
3. Explain four methods of technical philosophy 8mks
4. Explain two reasons why the concept of education has several meanings 4mks
5. State two contributions of ethics to learners’ discipline
6. Explain four components of logic as a branch of technical philosophy 10mks
7. Examine the contributions of each component to education development 10mks
8. Assess the relevance of epistemology to the cognitive dimensions of education 10mks
9. Discuss the need for education creative dimensions to curriculum development in kenya
10mks
10. Discuss how dialogical dimensions of education bonds the teacher and the learner 10mks
11. Analyze the contributions of human rights education in maintaining discipline in the
learning institutions 10mks
12. Explain four trends of African philosophy according to Odera Oruka 10mks
13. Justify the need for studying philosophical foundations of the African indigenous
education 10mk
Others
1. Justify the inclusion of philosophy of educational teacher education program
2. Dialogical approaches have no place in the contemporary Kenyan classroom 10mks
3. Explain the following
General philosophy
Education theory
Dispositional knowledge
Moral education
Testimony
4. Discuss reasons for the divergent interpretations of the concept of education 23.3
5. Discuss the limitation of education systems that overemphasizes examinations in its
practice 23.3
6. Citing examples, critique the claim that …there is no distinction between the educated
and uneducated persons 23.3
7. What is the relevance of normative ethics to the educational practioners 10
8. Explain 5 difficulties one may encounter while using teleological theories in making
decisions on moral issues 10mks
9. Identify four sources of human knowledge 4
10. With relevant examples, name and explain the three conditions of human knowledge 19
11. Discuss how education can be regarded as an inter-subjective process of learning to be
self-reliant person in the society
12. With examples explain the contributions of philosophy of education to the theory and
practice of education in schools 23.3
13. What is democracy 4
14. Discuss the possibility of in cooperating democracy and respect for human rights in
education in kenya 23.3
15. Distinguish the following terms as used in philosophy of education: learning, training,
education
16. Elaborate the four components of metaphysics
17. Explain three concepts of philosophy in its technical sense as an activity
18. Explain four epistemology sources of knowledge
19. Illustrate two components of logic
20. Explain the four trends of African philosophy 10
21. Justify the need for studying the five philosophical foundations of the African indiginious
education
22. Discuss the view that basic knowledge of human rights education enhances discipline in
the learning institutions 20
23. Asses the value of ethics to curriculum development 10
24. Explain how pragmatism enhances curriculum implementation 10
 25. The main purpose of education, in its multi-dimension is to help learners to acquire full
huma growth
Explain any of this dimension
Discuss the importance of each dimension

AKI 204: KISWAHILI POETRY

1.Eleza majukumu anuwai ya ushairi katika jamii. Alama 26
2.Ainisha mashairi ya Kiswahili kiuamilifu. Alama 26
3.Fafanua kikamilifu mgogoro wa ushairi wa Kiswahili na hoja zilizotolewa na kila upande
kujitetea alama 22
4.Asili ya ushairi wa Kiswahili ni ushairi simulizi wa kibantu.Thibitisha alama 22
5.Maudhui ya ushairi wa Kiswahili yamekuwa yakibadilika kama ambavyo wakati ulibadilika
.Thibitisha alam 22
6.Taswira ni mbinu muhimuinayomsaidia mwandishi wa AL-Inkishafi kuwasilisha ujumbe
wake.jadili alama 22
7.Jadili maswala yanayochangia mgogoro katika ushairi wa Kiswahili. Alama 26
8.Pambanua maudhui yoyote Matano katika diwani ya sheria za kutunga mashairi na diwani ya
amri alama 26
9. fafanua nadharia mbili zinazoelezea chimbuko la ushairi wa Kiswahili 20
10. eleza msingi ya uanishaji wa mashairi ya Kiswahili 16
11. changanua maudhui ya al-inkishafi 22
12. fafanua hoja zilizotolewa na pande mbioli katika mgogoro wa Kiswahili 22
13.fafanua sifa za ushairi 10
14.ainisha vipindi anuwai vya kihistoria vya maendeleo ya ushairi 16
15.uanishaji wa mashairi kwa msingi wa mishororo huzaa bahari mbalimbali ,,pambanua kwa
vielelezo mwafaka 22
16.fafanua bahai zifuatazo za mashairi
i) utumbuizo
ii)bantudi
iii)msuko
iv)pindu
v)kikai
vi)ngojera
MENGINE NI MASWALI YATAKAYOTOLEWA KWENYE VITABU VITAHINIWA

AKI 202: FASIHI SIMULIZI

1. Uhai katika fasihi simulizi hutegemea fanani. Itathmini kauli hii alama 26
2. Taja na kufafanua mifano mwafaka ya kuhifadhi maarifa ya fasihi simulizi alama 22
3. Jadili umuhimu wa michezo ya kuigiza katika ukuzaji wa ubunifu
4. Huku ukirejelea mabadilikonya teknolojia , eleza kwa mifanonafasi ya wahusika
Wanyama katika utanzu wa fasihi simulizi
5. Fafanua dhana ya fasihi simulizi alama 02
6. Eleza dhima zozote za fasihi simulizi alama 12
7. Fafanua sifa mbalimbali za fasihi simulizi alama 12
8. Pambanua aina mbalimbali za nyimbo katika jamii alama 22
9. Changanua tanzu mbali mbali mbali za fasihi simulizi alama 22
10. Onyesha matumizi ya vipera vyovyote vitanovya fasihi simulizi katika fasihi andishi10
11. Eleza sifa mbalimbali za fanani bora 12
12. Jadili maana na chimbuko la fasihi simulizi katika jamii 26
13. Fafanua dhima ya fasihi simulizi katika jamii 22
14. Dadavua sifa za visakale kama kipera cha fasihi simulizi 22
15. Methali ni samli ambayo kwayo maneno huliwa. Thathmini usemi huu kwa kutoa mifano
mwafaka 22
16. Eleza umuhimu wa nadharia ya ubadilikaji katika fasihi simulizi 22
17. Ainisha na ueleze tanzu mbalimbali za fasii simulizi 24
18. Yakinisha maumbo ya fasihi simulizi katika fasihi andishi 12
19. Changanua hadhira mbalimbali katika faishi simulizi 08
20. Fafanua sifa msingi za fasihi simulizi 22
21. Ainisha nyimbo mbali mbali za fasihi simulizi 22
22. Fafanua nadharia zinazodhihirisha chimbuko la fasihi simulizi 22
23. Hakiki nafasi ya fanani na hadhira katika uumbaji wa fasihi simulizi 22
24. Jadili utegemeano wa utamaduni na fasihi simulizi 22
25. Jadili nafasi ya faihi simulizi katika katika taaluma ya stadi za fasihi 22
26. Jadili sifa muhimu za nadharia ya nataralojia katika usimulizi wa fasihi simulizi 22
27. Pambanua usanii katika methali ya Kiswahili ukitumia mifano mwafaka 22
 28. Jadili nadharia ya msamabao katika fasihi simulizi 22
29. Dadavua sifa ya utendaji katika fasihi simulizi 22
30. Eleza umuhimu wa nadharia ya ubadilikaji katika uchunguzi wa fasihi simulizi 22
31. Sifa ya ufaraguzi hudhihirisha fanani mzuri fafanua kauli hii 22
32. Utendaji ndicho kigezo cha kimsingi katika fasihi simulizi jadili rai hii 22
33. Ukitolea mifano jadili sifa bainifu za visasili
34. Pambanuaa uhusiano uliopo kati ya fasihi simulizi na dini ukitolea mifano mwafaka 22
35. Dadavua athari za mabadiliko ya kissa katika fasihi simulizi 22
36. Jadili sifa muhimu za nadharia ya naratolojia katika usimulizi wa fasihi simulizi 22

AGE 206; AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY

2022/2023
1. Discuss the diffusion theory of origin of agriculture 11mks
2. Explain any two social factors that influence agriculture in Kenya 4mks
3. Account for the need of for global agriculture to revert to biological controls in
production 15mks
4. Agriculture has evolved from simple to complex systems over time. Discuss 20mks
5. Assess the practicality of the theory of independent origin of agricultural activity 20mks
6. Examine the relevance of the genetic approach to agriculture in developing countries
20mks
7. Agricultural system is an artificial ecosystem. Discuss 20mks
8. Hybridization and mechanization are modern agricultural practices that are necessary
evils. Discuss 20mks
Others
1. Examine the importance of agricultural geography
2. Describe two types of agroecosystems
3. Describe the effect of agrochemicals on ecology
4. Discuss the relevance of post-industrial phase f agricultural evolution to the current
global agricultural problems 20
5. Asses the relevance of Boserups theory to agricultural practice in the developing
countries 20
6. Write explanatory notes
Economic approach to agricultural systems
Socio-economic factors influencing agriculture
An agricultural enterprise as an open system
 7. Discuss the geographical factors that influence agricultural production in sub-saharan
Africa
8. Examine the setbacks to agricultural development in kenya ad suggest possible solution
20
9. Explain two modern agricultural technologies that have impacted positively on ecology
20
10. Agricultural systems have evolved genetically over time discuss 20
11. Studies in geography view the theory of diffusion of agricultural activity as unrealistic
discuss 20
12. Discuss the impact of hybridization 20
13. Discuss the political factors influencing agriculture 20
14. Explain the emergence of and development of livestock breeding since 19th century 20
15. Describe the phases of agricultural evolution 10
16. Discuss three approaches to agricultural systems 20
17. Explain the historical development of agriculture prior to 16th to 21st century 20
18. Compare and contrast between paleo-technological and neo-technological agricultural
systems 20
19. Critique Boserups model of agricultural activities 20
20. Asses the ecological effects of the following
Irrigation
Use of agrochemicals
21. Simplification and irrigation are modern agricultural practices that are necessary evils
discuss 20
22. Agricultural system is an artificial ecosystem 20
23. Account for the emergence of hybridization 20
24. Examine the importance of agricultural geography 10
25. Examine any four economic factors that influence global agriculture 20
26. Discuss the relationship between geography and agricultural problems 20
27. Explain the diffusion theory of agricultural activity 20
28. Discuss main issues that enhance agricultural productivity in kenya 20
29. Explain the effects of irrigation on farm ecology 20
30. Citing examples, discus agricultural systems ans the relationship with external systems 20
31. Explain the development of mechanization and its associated problems in modern
farming in kenya 20
32. Discuss the evolutionary phases in agriculture 20
33. Discuss the types of agroecosystems 20
 AGE 204; GEOMORPHOLOGY
1. a) distinguish between catastrophism and uniformitarism 10mks
b) physiographic processes are responsible for sculpturing the world landscape. Discus
20
2. anthropogenic activities are to blame for biological weathering discuss 20
3. discuss the techniques used in geomorphic studies 20
4. define mass wasting and examine the slow flowage processes 20
5. account for formation of karst scenery and its significance
6.write explanatory notes on the following
i) graben
ii) landslide
iii) sand dune
iv) exforliation
7. discuss the rapid flowage processes 20
8.discuss the evolution of coastal landforms 20
9. describe the erosional processes and landforms associated with running water 20
10.some rocks are more resistant to weathering than others 20
11. discuss significances of quantitative analysis in the study of drainage basins
12.critically examine the meaning of Lyell uniformity of state and that of rate 20
13.describe process-response in geomorphology 10
14. describe process of chemical weathering 20
15.discuss the simulation appraoach of studying the nature of landscape change through time20
16.descibe the equilibrium and evolution of landforms 20
17.discuss the relationship between geomophology and other displines 20
18.describe the morphological and process-response in geomorphology 20
19.explain the direct methods of analysis used ig geomorphology 20
20.discuss the principles of catastrophism and uniformitariasm in geomorphological approach
21.discuss the application of geomorphology in environment management 20
22.describe the coastal destructinal processes and related landforms 20
23.write explanatory notes
Climatic control of landform genesis
Rock and soil properties
Modes of fluvial transport
Aelion erosion and landforms
Products of chemical weathering
24.discuss the modes of run off generation 20
25.citing examples, describe the negative feedback systems in geomorphology
26.descibe direct analysis as a method of analysis in geomorphology 10
27. explain the relationship between Bowens reaction and Goldichs weathering series 20
28.determine the factors which determine the strength of slope materials 20
29.citing examples in kenya describe the aeolian landforms
30. define channel network and explain its significance in landform analysis 20
31.define temporal and spartial scales in geomorphic studies and explain their influences in
landform development
32.descibe the significance of magnitude and frequency of geomorphological events in landform
development
33.discuss theories of slope development 15
34.critique William Davis theory of landscape development 15
35.examine the instruments and techniques used to monitor the operation of geomorphic
processes 20
36.write explanatory notes
Uniformitarianism
Exfoliation
Karstification
Stream privacy
37.describe the process of glacial erosion and its resultant landforms 20
38.define coastal environment and describe its depositional landforms 20
39.descibe the topographical aspects of stream network
40. discuss factors that influence chemical weathering of rocks 20
41. define slope evolution and describe its stages 20
42.explain the modes of fluvial transport 20
43. discuss space-time substitution as a method of analysis in geomorphology 10
44.write explanatory notes on
Morphological systems
Channel initiation
Base level
45.examine the endogenic and exogenic factors that shapes the earths landscape 20
46.discuss the social and economic impact of mass movement 20
47.citing examples in Kenya, describe destructional processes and their resultant landforms 20

END

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