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SIMPLE STRESSES
• Simple stresses are expressed as the ratio of the applied force divided by the
resisting area. Mathematically,
σ=P/A
• It is the expression of force per unit area to structural members that are
subjected to external forces and/or induced forces. Stress is the lead to
accurately describe and predict the elastic deformation of a body.
• It is measured in psi (English unit) or in MPa (SI unit). Simply, it is the ratio of
force over area.
• Simple stress can be classified as normal stress, shear stress and bearing
stress.
NORMAL STRESS
• Normal Stress develops when a force is applied perpendicular to the cross-
sectional area of the material. or the resisting area is perpendicular to the
applied force
σ=P/A
• There are two types of normal stresses
▪ Tensile stress applied to bar tends the bar to elongate
▪ Compressive stress tend to shorten the bar
A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as shown
in Fig. Calculate the smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed
90 MPa in bronze and 120 MPa in steel.
• By symmetry
PBronze = PSteel = ½ x (800 x 9.81)
= 3924 N
• For Bronze Cable
PBronze = σBronze x ABronze, σBronze = 90 MPa
=> ABronze = 43.6 mm2
• For Steel Cable
PSteel = σSteel x ASteel , σSteel = 90 MPa
=> ASteel = 32.7 mm2
The homogeneous bar shown in Fig is supported by a smooth pin at C and a
cable that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the
cable if its diameter is 0.6 inch and the bar weighs 6000 lb.
ΣMc = 0
5 x T + 10 x 3/√𝟑𝟒x T= 5 x 6000
T = 2957.13 lb
T=σxA
2957.13 = σ x Π / 4 (0.6)2
σ = 10458.7 psi
Determine the largest weight W that can be supported by two wires shown in
Fig. The stress in either wire is not to exceed 30 ksi. The cross-sectional areas
of wires AB and AC are 0.4 in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively.
For wire AB
By sin law (from the force polygon):
TAB / sin 40o = W / sin 80o
TAB = 0.6527 W
σAB x AAB = 0.6527 W
30 x 0.4 = 0.6527 W
W = 18.4 kips
For wire AC
By sin law (from the force polygon):
TAC / sin 60o = W / sin 80o
TAC = 0.8794 W
σAC x AAC = 0.8794 W
30 x 0.5 = 0.8794 W
W = 17.1 kips
Designation Area
L75x75x6 864 mm2
L75x75x13 1780 mm2
Tensile Stress of member BC (L75x75x6)
σ = P/A = 96000/(864 – (19 x6))
σ = 128 MPa