The Muscular System

Types of Muscles
• Skeletal
– Attaches to the bones of
the skeleton
– Voluntary/striated
– Operates under
conscious control
 Types of Muscles Cont.
• Smooth
– Called visceral muscle
– Involuntary/not striated
– Not under conscious control
 Types of Muscles Cont.
• Cardiac
– Forms the wall of the heart
– Involuntary
“myocardium”
 Functions
• Hold the body erect and make movement
possible.

• Muscle movement is responsible for 85% of

the heat generated that keeps the body warm.

• Muscle movement aids in the flow of blood

through the veins to return to the heart.
• Tendon
▪ band of dense, fibrous connective tissue, attaches
muscles to bones
 Word Parts
• My/o – muscle
• Leiomy/o - smooth muscle

• Myocardium – cardiac muscle

• Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o – tendon
Word parts con’t
• -lysis – breakdown, separation, setting
free, loosening

• -plegia – paralysis

• -rrhexis – rupture
 Pathology
• Tendons
– Tendinitis or tendonitis
• Muscles
– Myolysis
– Myomalacia
– Myorrhexis
– Myosclerosis
Pathology con’t
Sports injuries
• Strain – a torn or stretched muscle or tendon

• Paralysis: Is the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle

movements due to injury or disease of the nerve supply.
a) Paraplegia – paralysis of both legs and the lower part of
the body
b) Quadriplegia – paralysis of all four extremities.
c) Hemiplegia – total paralysis of one side of the body
 Diagnostic & Treatment Procedures

• Tendons
– Tenotomy – surgical incision of a tendon. shortening of a
muscle.

• Muscles
– Myorrhaphy - surgical suture of muscle
– Myoplasty - surgical repair of a muscle

• Amputation
Removal of all or part of an extremity
 Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and
Procedures of Joints
• Electromyography – records the strength of
muscle contractions due to electrical
stimulation.
• Arthrocentesis
• Arthrography
• Arthroscopy
• Arthroplasty