GROUP 1:

SORIANO ANGEL MAE V.

SUIZO ANGELICA ANN
VERTUCIO EUNICE ANGELA

Unit IV: Objectives of Home Planning and Furnishing

I. INTRODUCTION:
Home furnishings are items placed in a room to make it comfortable and appealing. They include all the movable items such as
furniture, curtains, carpets, and décor items that complement the room’s design. Home furnishings are an essential part of interior
design, and they can give a room a unique personality. They enhance a room’s functionality, aesthetic appeal, and cosiness. Home
furnishings are important because they play a crucial role in transforming a house into a comfortable and inviting home. In this
article, we will discuss the definition, importance, and uses of home furnishings.

1. Home Planning and Furnishing:

● Creating a comfortable and functional living space by designing and organizing it effectively.

2. Elements of Art:
● Basic visual tools artists use to express ideas, including concepts like line, color, texture, shape, space, and FORM.

II. PLANNING OF HOME FURNISHING:

● RANDS OF HOME FURNISHING
● UNDERSTAND SPACE AND REQUIREMENTS
● PROPER PLANNING OF BUDGET
● PROPER DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

● PLAN PLUMBING, ELECTRICAL POINTS, AND FALSE CEILING DESIGN

●
● FLOORING MATERIAL AND ITS DESIGN

● FURNITURE AND FURNITURE

●
● COLORS OF THE WALLS
●
● HOME FURNISHING AND ACCESSORIES
III. OBJECTIVE OF HOME PLANNING AND FURNISHING:

A. Importance of Home Planning

1. Make daily life easier and more convenient.
2.Create a harmonious and pleasant living environment.
3. Use available space efficiently and effectively.
B. Goals of Furnishing a Home
1. Reflect personal style and preferences in the decor.
2. Ensure comfort and relaxation for the residents.
3. Choose sustainable and budget-friendly options for furnishing.

IV. Elements of Art

A. Definition and Importance
● Elements of art are stylistic features that are included within an art piece to help the artist communicate. The seven most common
elements include line, shape, texture, form, space, color and value, with the additions of mark making, and materiality.
● Elements of art are fundamental tools used by artists to convey emotions and ideas visually.
● Understanding these elements helps in appreciating art and design better.
B. Key Elements:
● Line- An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Lines may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.
● Shape- An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.
● Form- An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, asphere, a
pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.
● Value -The lightness or darkness of tones or colours. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these
extremes is called middle grey.
● Space An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .
● Color- An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity. .Hue.name is color.• Value: hue’s lightness and darkness
(a color’s value changes when white or black is added) • Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is strong and
bright; low intensity= color is faint and dull)
● Texture- An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

V. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
 ● Unity- is a force operating within a design that gives it the appearance of oneness or resolution.
● Balance- can be implied by size, shape, or even contrast. While it can utillize symmetry or equality, balance can also be achieved through
asymmetry.
● Hierarchy- One of the most important principles in design hierarchy is a way to visually rank your design elements.
● Contrast- The difference between two or more objects in a design is referred to as contrast. The difference in objects could be light and
dark, thin and thick, small and large, bright and dull, etc.
● Emphasis- can be created by size, weight, position, color, shape, and style.
● Rhythm - A principle of design that indicates movement, created by the careful placement of repeated elements in a work of art to cause a
visual tempo or beat.
● Scale- is the sizing of elements or a standard of measurement. It can be used in combination with other principles like emphasis to draw
the viewer into a focal point, and helps us make sense of designs or imagery.
● Repetition-is the recurrence of a design element, commonly utilized in patterns or textures.
● Variety- A principle of design concerned with diversity or contrast. Variety is achieved by using different shapes, sizes, and/or colors in a
work of art.
● Movement- A principle of design used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer's eye throughout the work of art.
● Pattern- is the repetition of specific visual elements such as a single unit or multitude of forms.

VI. Conclusion
A. In conclusion, home furnishings make our homes comfy and unique. When we plan and furnish our homes well, they become practical,
beautiful, and just the way we like them. It's about making life easy, creating a peaceful atmosphere, and using space wisely. These simple steps
help us create a home where we feel really happy. Whether it's picking furniture or understanding art basics, it all adds up to a cosy and
welcoming space that's truly ours.

Summary of Elements of Art:

B. Art is like a special language, and artists use simple things like lines and colors to share their feelings and ideas. Lines can make shapes, and
colors can make us feel different emotions. These basic things help us understand what the artist is trying to say. It's like a secret code that
makes art interesting and easy to enjoy. When we learn these simple things about art, it becomes more fun and meaningful for everyone.
 COLOR

Group 2

By:
Samosa, Chimly
Segarino, Katherine
Sobrevega, Niezel
 I. INTRODUCTION

Color is an essential aspect of our lives, influencing our emotions, thoughts, and actions. This report aims to explore the relevance of
color, discuss different types of color with examples and pictures, and delve into the use of color in house interiors. By understanding
color, we can make informed choices in various aspects of our lives, such as branding, marketing and home decoration.

A. Definition of color

- Color is the visual perception resulting from the way an object interacts with light. It is determined by the wavelengths of light that
an object reflects, emits, or transmits.

B. Important of color in everyday life

- Color plays a crucial role in everyday life as it influences our emotions, perceptions, and behaviors. It can impact mood, evoke
reactions, aid in communication, and enhance aesthetics in various aspects of our surroundings, from fashion and design to
marketing and psychology.

C. Purpose of the report

- The purpose of a report about color may vary depending on the context, but it typically aims to provide comprehensive information
on various aspects of color, such as its scientific properties, psychological effects, cultural significance, and practical applications.
The report may serve educational, informative, or analytical purposes, offering insights into how color influences different fields and
aspects of our lives.
 II. Relevance of Color

Color plays a significant role in our daily lives, affecting our emotions and moods. It has a powerful influence on our perception, behavior,
and decision-making processes. Moreover, color is extensively used in marketing and branding to evoke certain feelings and create
memorable experiences for consumers. Additionally, color is a fundamental element in art and design, allowing artists and designers to
express ideas and convey messages effectively.

A. Impact of the color on emotions and mood

- Color has a profound impact on emotions and mood. Warm colors like red and yellow can evoke feelings of energy, warmth, and
positivity, while cool colors like blue and green may create a sense of calm and tranquility. Different hues can elicit specific
emotions.

B. Influence of color in marketing and branding

- Color plays a significant role in marketing and branding as it can influence consumer perceptions and behavior. Brands often use
specific colors to convey messages and evoke emotions associated with their products or services.

C. Use of color in art and design

- In works of art, artists use color to depict and describe the subject. Artists, especially painters, utilize their knowledge of color to
portray mood, light, depth, and point of view in a work of art.
 III. Types & Example of Color

To understand color better, we will explore the color wheel, which provides a visual representation of the relationships between colors.
The color wheel consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, which can be combined to create various color schemes.
Complementary and contrasting colors create visual interest, while analogous and monochromatic color schemes offer harmony and
cohesion.

A. Color Wheel
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Colors
- Three Primary Colors (Ps): Red, Yellow, Blue. Three Secondary Colors (S’): Orange, Green, Violet. Six Tertiary Colors: Red-
Orange, Yellow-Orange, Yellow-Green, Blue-Green, Blue-Violet, Red-Violet, which are formed by mixing a primary with a
secondary.
Complementary and contrasting colors
- Color contrast involves using two different colors with different amounts of tint and shade. Complementary colors are two colors
that are opposite of each other on the color wheel. Orange and blue are two complementary colors that have synergy.
Analogous and Monochromatic color schemes
- Analogous color schemes create a slightly monochromatic look since they use colors similar to one another.
B. Primary Colors

- Primary colors, namely red, blue, and yellow, are the building blocks of all other colors. They are essential in various fields,
including art, design, and printing. Understanding primary colors is crucial for achieving accurate color mixing and achieving
desired results.

C. Color in House Interior

- In the context of house interiors, color plays a vital role in setting the mood and atmosphere of each room. Different colors can
affect room perception, making spaces appear larger, cozier, or more energetic Choosing the right color scheme for each room,
considering factors such as lighting and furniture, is crucial in creating a harmonious and visually appealing environment.
Primary Colors: Red, yellow, and blue are primary colors. They are the three pigment colors that cannot
be made by mixing any other colors.

Use: Primary colors bring energy and brightness to interiors, but they often lack the sophistication of other
palettes. To add richness and depth.

Secondary Colors: Orange, green and violet are the secondary colors and they can be made by mixing
primary colors together.

Use: secondary colors is subjective and context-dependent, influencing emotions, perceptions, and visual
experiences in art, design, and everyday surroundings.

Tertiary Colors: The combination of primary and secondary colors is known as tertiary or intermediate
colors, due to their compound nature.

Use: Tertiary colors can convey subtlety and richness, providing depth and detail in art, design, and
aesthetics.

Complementary Colors: red and green, yellow and purple and finally blue and orange. Can appear to be
very intimidating if you’re unsure of handling bold colors.

Use: Complementary colors is often energizing and eye-catching.

Analogous Colors: the color grouping has similarities. These color scheme types have close relationships
to one another.
Use: This color scheme provides a sense of unity and cohesiveness, making it suitable for creating a calming or comfortable atmosphere.

Monochromatic Colors: are all the varieties of a single hue—the tints, shades, and tones. Will range
between lighter, darker, and more or less saturated versions of the base color or hue.

Use: commonly used in fashion, graphic design, and interior design to achieve a refined and minimalist
aesthetic while maintaining a sense of simplicity and clarity.

Principle of Design

The Principle of Design is a set of guidelines that help artists, designers, and creators make their work
visually appealing and effective. It includes concepts like balance, contrast, emphasis, rhythm, and unity. These principles are relevant because
they make designs more pleasing, organized, and understandable to the audience, whether it's in art, graphic design, architecture, or any creative
field. They help convey messages and emotions effectively through the arrangement of elements and visual composition.

In home furnishing, the Principle of Design plays a crucial role. It helps homeowners and interior designers make informed decisions about how to
arrange furniture, colors, patterns, and decorative items to create a welcoming and visually pleasing space. Whether it's achieving balance in a
room layout, using contrast in color choices, or ensuring harmony in the overall design, these principles are essential to create a comfortable and
appealing living environment.

Types of Principle of Design

1. Balance- can be implied by size, shape, or even contrast.

 Symmetrical Balance: When elements on both sides of a central axis are identical. For example, a butterfly with the same patterns on both
wings.
 Asymmetrical Balance: Achieved through the careful arrangement of non-identical elements. A tree on one side of a composition and a small
building on the other can create asymmetrical balance.
Uses;
Used to create stability and harmony.

2. Unity- helps ensure concepts are being communicated in a clear, cohesive fashion.
 Proximity: Elements that are close to each other are perceived as related. In a web design, a logo placed near the navigation menu.
 Repetition: Repeating certain design elements, like using the same font style throughout a document.
Uses;
Ensures all elements in a design work together.

3. Contrast- creates space and difference between elements in your design.

 Color Contrast: Using opposing colors to make elements stand out. For instance, black text on a white background.
 Size Contrast: Varying the size of elements to create visual interest.
Uses;
Using constrasting colors or sizes in typography, for instance, enhances readability and draws attention to important information.

4. Emphasis- used to reduce the impact of certain information.

 Focal Point: A specific area or element in the design that draws the viewer's attention. In a photograph, the main subject is often the focal
point.
Uses;
Used to highlight specific elements or areas within a design.

5. Rhythm- created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized.
 Regular Rhythm: Repeating elements at consistent intervals, like a pattern in wallpaper.
 Progressive Rhythm: Gradually changing a visual element, like a series of shapes increasing in size.

6. Proportion- the relationship between two or more elements in a design, particularly the size and scale of them.
 Illustrative Examples: Choosing Furniture Sizes in Relation to Room Size
Uses;
Use to create a sense of depth, perspective and balance within a composition

7. Movement- refers to the way the eye travels over a design.

 Implied Movement: Creating a sense of motion through the arrangement of elements. A winding road in a painting can give the feeling of
movement.
Uses;
Used to create a sense of motion or flow within a composition.

Color- using color for visual impact and helps evoke emotions.
 Ricalyn Presbitero, Lorraine Padsing, Gideon D. Otero
BS HOME ECONOMICS 2A
"PICTURE FRAME”
Introduction:
A picture frame is a decorative and protective border that is used to display and protect a piece of artwork or a photograph.
Relevance:
Picture frames are relevant as they serve as a way to showcase and protect artwork or memories, adding a decorative touch to any living or work
space.
Type and example:
Picture frames come in various types such as wooden frames, metal frames, and plastic frames. An example of a picture frame is a traditional wooden
frame with a glass cover.
Uses:
Picture frames are used to display and protect artwork, photographs, certificates, and other important documents. They can also be used as decorative
accents in interior design.
History:
The history of picture frames dates back to ancient civilizations, where they were used to display religious and royal portraits. In the 14th
century, frames began to be made with different materials and decorative embellishments. Today, picture frames are a common household
accessory and are available in a wide range of styles and materials.

CONCEPTOFFURNITUREARRANGEMENT

Tocreateafunctionalandaestheticallypleasingspace.
Whenarrangingfurniture,itisimportanttoconsiderthefollowingfactors:
Thesizeandshapeoftheroom
dictatehowyoucanarrangeyourfurniture.
Forexample,smallspaceswillrequiredifferentfurniturearrangements than large spaces.

Thepurposeoftheroom
influenceyourfurniturearrangement.
Forexample,alivingroomwillrequiredifferentfurniturearrangements than a dining room.

Thetrafficflow
animportantelementoffurniturearrangement.
Furniture should be arranged in a way that allows for easy movement around the room.

Thefocalpoint
thecenterpieceofyourfurniturearrangement.
Forexample,ifthefireplaceisthefocalpoint,youmightarrangeyour furniture around it.

Theconversationareas
anotherimportantelementoffurniturearrangement.
Furnitureshouldbearrangedinawaythat encourages conversationand interaction.

PRINCIPLESOFFURNITUREARRANGEMENT

Theguidelinesthatyoucanfollowtocreateasuccessfulfurniture layout.
Someofthemostimportantprinciplesoffurniturearrangementinclude:

Balance
thedistributionofvisualweightinafurniturearrangement.
Therearethreetypesofbalance:symmetricalbalance,asymmetricalbalance, and radial balance.

Harmony
theunityofafurniturearrangement.
All of the elements of the arrangement should work together to create a cohesive whole.
 Rhythm
therepetitionofelementsinafurniturearrangement.
Thiscanbeachievedthroughtheuseofcolor,pattern,andform.

Emphasis
theuseoffocalpointsinafurniturearrangement.
theelementofthearrangementthatdrawstheeye. [Image of Emphasis Furniture Arrangement]

TYPESOFFURNITUREARRANGEMENT

There are many different types of furniture arrangements, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
Someofthemostcommontypesoffurniturearrangementsinclude:

Formalarrangement
typicallysymmetricalandcenteredaroundafocalpoint.
oftenusedinlivingroomsanddiningrooms.

Informalarrangement
morerelaxedandasymmetrical.
oftenusedinfamilyroomsanddens.

Sectionalarrangement
createdusingpiecesoffurniturethatcanbecombinedtocreate different shapes and sizes.
oftenusedinlivingroomsandfamilyrooms.

L-shapedarrangement
created by placing two pieces of furniture at a 90-degree angle to each other.
oftenusedinsmallspacestomaximizeseating.

U-shapedarrangement
created by placing three pieces of furniture at a 90-degree angle to each other.
oftenusedinlargespacestocreateacozyandintimateatmosphere.

ELEMENTSOFFURNITUREARRANGEMENT

thebasicbuildingblocksofanyfurniturelayout. These elements include:

Focalpoint
thecentralelementofafurniturearrangement.
Itistypicallyafireplace,television,orotherobjectthatdrawstheeye.

Trafficflow
themovementofpeoplethroughaspace.
Furnitureshouldbearrangedinawaythatallowsforeasytrafficflow.
Conversationareas
groupsoffurniturearrangedinawaythatencouragesconversation.
Theytypicallyconsistofasofa,chairs,andacoffeetable.

REFERENCE

KylieMawdsley.(2020,March22).Furniturelayoutandhomedecorideas:Balance and symmetry. Kylie M Interiors.

https://www.kylieminteriors.ca/furniture-layout-ideas-balance-symmetry/?fbclid=IwAR0U9R9Ti8kr1C8Doh_zIanfEWTe4Q1kacJrh4yoCH0CThi
Ad6KrNUjkaVo

Staff, H.(2023,May4).51FormalLivingRoomIdeasWithTipsAndAccessories To Help You Design Yours. Home Designing.

https://www.home-designing.com/51-formal-living-room-ideas-with-tips-and-accessories-to-help-you-design-yours?
fbclid=IwAR0rTuu5M2fQNGu1jVflpYqHYZ7sn7Fo0U-a8tmVnRsK2qMdPE4yISFBhnI
spaces that are dedicated to specific activities, such as eating, working, or playing games.

Circulationspace
theopenspace between furniture thatallows forpeople tomove around comfortably.
Minty. (2014, July 27). PPT - Furniture Arranging PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:2474236. SlideServe.
https://www.slideserve.com/minty/furniture-arranging?
fbclid=IwAR0n4HrpWoHtTtZ8JAp2Ubcrt7UngxTQZYOv3LJqpMJQGB8m9thRfkeGsw0

Balance and Symmetry: Achieving Visual Harmony in Furniture Arrangements- iFurniture-

ThelargestfurniturestoreinEdmonton.CarryBedroomFurniture,living room furniture,Sofa, Couch, Lounge suite, Dining Table and Chairs and
Patio furniture over 1000+ products. (n.d.). https://ifurniture.ca/balance-and-symmetry-achieving-visual-harmony-in-furniture-arrangements?
fbclid=IwAR2YocTtlLCZG9vfN8EETTH2GQlAOA7FX3Q62WfCohn8KueOiIVo-5G9Lvw

Simone, W. (2021, April 17). L-Shaped Living Room Layout Ideas: How To Arrange Your Furniture. From House to Home.
https://www.fromhousetohome.com/l-shaped-living-room-layout-ideas/?
fbclid=IwAR2RZxFTtSaohdwktK8ZBtcq3ciqLjkxvV2do_vrqkmfJBSEdj4qfiCUCqw
Abroguena, Hazel
Galendez, Leiza Bee
Jayson, Kizen F.
Juntilla, Darlene Shaira

INTRODUCTION
Flowers possess a unique language, speaking volumes through their colors, shapes, and
fragrances. Harnessing the art of flower arrangement transforms a simple bouquet into a
captivating masterpiece that not only pleases the eyes but also elevates the ambiance of any
living space.
The art of flower arrangement, also known as ikebana in Japanese culture, has transcended
centuries, offering a timeless means of bringing nature indoors. Beyond mere aesthetic appeal,
flowers have the power to evoke emotions, set moods, and create a harmonious balance within
our living spaces. Whether you seek to infuse a room with vibrant energy or foster a serene
atmosphere, the strategic placement and combination of flowers can be your artistic tool.

HISTORY
Ancient Egypt
The earliest known flower arranging dates back to ancient Egypt. Egyptians were decorating
with flowers as early as 2,500 BCE. They regularly placed cut flowers in vases, and highly
stylized arrangements were used during burials, for processions, and simply as table
decorations. Illustrations of arranged flowers have been found on Egyptian carved stone reliefs
and painted wall decorations.
Flowers were selected according to symbolic meaning, with emphasis on religious significance.
The lotus flower or water lily, for example, Iris sibirica, delphinium, narcissus, palm tree, papyrus
and rose, was considered sacred to Isis and was often included in arrangements. Many other
flowers have been found in the tombs of the ancient Egyptians, and garlands of flowers were
worn by loved ones and left at the tombs. These are also included in the arrangements blue
scilla, poppy-flowered anemone, and Iris sibiric .Egyptian wall paintings have been found in
tombs dating from the fifth century B.C. to Cleopatra's time

Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome

The Greeks and the Romans also used flowers. The ancient Greeks used flowers and herbs for
adornment and decorations included in artwork. They did not often use vases, focusing instead
on garlands and wreaths.
The preferred flowers include roses, hyacinths, honeysuckle, violets, and lilies. Other flowers
such as tulips, larkspur, and marigolds were also selected for their shape, color, and form.
At banquets, roses were strewn on the floor to a depth of one foot, and the flowers "rained" from
the ceiling.

Ancient China
The Chinese were making flower arrangements as far back as 207 BCE to 220 CE, in the Han
era of ancient China. Flowers were an integral component of religious teaching and medicine.
Flowers and leaves that were used to make basket arrangements were selected based on their
symbolic meaning. For example, the bamboo, the peach tree, and the pear tree symbolized
longevity. The tiger lily, the pomegranate, and the orchid symbolized fertility. The most honored
of all flowers was the peony. Considered the “king of flowers”, it symbolized wealth, good
fortune, and high status.
Europe
Flower arranging arrived in Europe around 1000 CE, and was particularly popular in churches
and monasteries where flowers and plants were used for food as well as for decoration. As
crusaders came back from the Middle East, they brought with them new and interesting plants.
As a result, European countries began experimenting with plants that were previously unknown
to them.
 Byzantine Empire (500-1453)
During the period 500CE to 1453CE, the Byzantine Empire made its contribution to floral
arrangements, which typically included a cone shape design. The foliage was placed in
chalices and urns, which were further decorated with brightly colored flowers and fruit.
Flowers commonly included in these arrangements were daisies, lilies, cypress,
carnations, and pine. Ribbons were also commonly used, and leaves and tiny flowers
were set in arching lines to give a twisted effect to garlands.
 Renaissance (1400–1600)
The Italian Renaissance helped to give an extra spark to the art of flower arranging in
Europe. It was during this time period that a wide variety of arrangement styles began to
develop. By the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, flower arrangements were
commonplace and a wide variety of materials were used to make containers, including
marble, heavy Venetian glass, and bronze.
Some of the popular flowers included the Lilium Candidum (or Madonna Lily, used as a
symbol for fertility and chastity), narcissus, pinks, iris, jasmine, pansies, French
marigolds, cornflowers, and rosemary.
 Baroque (1600–1775)
At the beginning of this period floral designs were symmetrical and oval-shaped, with
asymmetric crescents and S-shapes becoming popular later on.
 Flemish arrangements (1600–1750)
The baroque arrangements in the Dutch-Flemish style were more compact and
proportioned. Their major characteristic was the variety of flowers within the bouquet.
 French arrangements (1600–1814)
During the French Baroque period, a soft, almost fragile appeal became a major
characteristic of floral design. Arrangements were asymmetrical using the C-crescent or
the S-shape. In the empire period they used simple lines in triangle shapes and strong
color contrast. The typical empire design would be arranged in an urn containing an
abundance of large richly colored flowers.

 Georgian arrangements (1714–1760)

The designs in this period were formal and symmetrical and often tightly arranged with a
variety of flowers. Oriental design became influential due to active trading. At the end of
the period the designs became more informal due to the fact that the fragrance of the
flowers, which were believed to rid the air of diseases, became more important. Small,
handheld arrangements called nosegays or tussie-mussies were used to carry sweet
 scents, and also helped mask the odors of society where bathing was often believed to
be unhealthy.
 Victorian arrangements (1820–1901)
Flowers were considered fashionable in this period. Large mass flowers were placed
tightly into containers to create compact arrangements that were asymmetrical and
stacked tightly. There was no definite style, but many different flowers and colours made
the arrangement look almost unplanned. The tussie-mussie bouquets were still serving
to eliminate odors. At the end of this period attempts were made to set up rules for a
proper arranging of flowers, which is when it became an artful skill or profession in
Europe.
Japan
The origin of flower arrangements in Japan is shrouded in mystery. Some believe it came to
Japan along with Buddhism. But others believe it existed in the pre-Buddhist eras. Either way,
what is known today as the flower arranging art of Ikebana began roughly 600 years ago.
Ikebana was practiced by Buddhist monks like Ikenobo Senkei and beloved of Shogun such
Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Ikebana is based on evoking emotional responses with the use of
minimalism, the beauty of asymmetry, and careful attention to detail in color combinations and
lines of stems.

RELEVANCE OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENT IN DECORATING HOME

The relevance of flower arrangement in decorating a home extends beyond mere aesthetics; it
encompasses a myriad of benefits that contribute to creating a harmonious and inviting living
space.

Four main benefits that decorating the spaces in your house with flowers or plants will provide
for you and your family:
Mood elevation: Flowers can considerably improve people’s moods and also provoke positive
feelings by evoking memories such as anniversaries, weddings, birthdays, etc. Tailoring flower
arrangements to match the desired mood of a space allows for a personalized and emotionally
resonant home environment.
Stress reduction: Various studies have revealed that the color from flowers has a powerful
nerve-calming effect on people, reducing the risk of suffering from stress. And many flowers
carry delightful scents that contribute to the sensory experience of a home.
Providing color and liveliness: Flowers help to create environments that are full of color and
vitality, especially flowers with vibrant colors, such as pink, red, blue, or yellow, which colors add
a special touch to more chic-style homes.
Creating natural spaces: Flowers are essential for creating fresh and natural environments.
Incorporating natural elements into interior spaces improves mental and physical well-being.

TYPES OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENTS

 CENTERPIECE
 BAR ARRANGEMENT
 BUD VASE
  LONG AND LOW
 CRESCENT FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
 CASCADE FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
 Triangular Flower Arrangement
 Horizontal Flower Arrangement
 Vertical Arrangement
 Fan-Shaped Flower Arrangement
 Wreath Floral Arrangement
 Line Flower Arrangement
 Circular Flower Arrangement
 Pomander Flower Arrangement

STYLES OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENTS

 COMPACT
 LOOSE AND WILD
 SINGLE FLOWER TYPE
 MINIMALIST
 MONOCHROMATIC
 NEUTRAL

MOODS OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENTS

 CORPORATE
 DARK
 FEMININE
 OUT-OF-THE-BOX
 ROMANTIC
 RUSTIC
 TROPICAL

References:
B Flora. Types of Flower Arrangements
https://www.bfloral.com/bfloral-blog/types-of-flower-arrangements

Renner, S. (2022) 12 Best Flower Arrangement Types And How To Create Them. Luxury
Columnist
https://luxurycolumnist.com/flower-arrangement-types/

Verdissimo. The Importance of Floral Décor in Your Home.

https://www.verdissimo.com/en/news/the-importance-of-floral-decor-in-your-
home#:~:text=Benefits%20of%20floral%20d%C3%A9cor%20in%20the%20home,-At
%20Verdissimo%20we&text=Providing%20color%20and%20liveliness%3A%20Flowers,to
%20more%20chic%2Dstyle%20homes.

Wikipedia. History of Flower Arrangement.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_flower_arrangement
TYPES OF LANDSCAPING GROUP 9
BSHE 2A
Introduction:
Consider landscaping as a unique home upgrade beyond traditional options like
kitchen or bathroom renovations. To start, when you keep your lawn and landscape
healthy, it can reduce soil erosion and prevent runoff. In addition, healthy plants,
flowers, and trees help clean the air by removing contaminants like carbon dioxide.
Landscapes play a crucial role in integrating living spaces with nature, enhancing
both aesthetics and resale value.
When choosing a landscaping design, align it with your goals (e.g., children's play,
sustainability, entertainment) and be mindful of local zoning laws and climate
suitability. Extend landscaping beyond external structures to create a seamless
connection between interiors and nature.
PRINCIPLES:
● The elements of unity, scale, balance, simplicity, variety, emphasis,
sequence as they apply to line, form, texture, and color.
● These elements are interconnected. Landscape design is a process of
developing practical and pleasing outdoor living space.
ELEMENTS:
● Line: Lines control movement and highlight features in landscaping. They can
be straight or curved, formal or informal, created with materials like pavers or
vegetation.
● Form: Refers to the shape of plants or landscape features. Balancing different
forms, such as structured shrubs for a formal garden or natural, flowering
plants for an informal yard, establishes the foundation for landscape design.
● Color: A crucial element that captures attention, color considerations should
span all seasons. Including diverse plant hues and evergreens ensures
year-round visual interest. Hardscape color choices also impact design,
ranging from bold features like a blue pool to subtle elements like natural
stepping stones.
● Texture: Texture applies to both softscape (plants) and landscape (features
like stone paths). Incorporating a variety of textures, such as soft or rough
surfaces, adds dimension to the design.
● Scale: Varying heights and widths contribute to the overall design
composition. Hardscape and softscape elements should complement the
sizeof the home, yard, and existing features.
INDOOR LANDSCAPING- aims to introduce the natural and untouched aspects of
nature into every space, adding vibrancy and a genuine feel. This approach
contributes to regulating the internal microclimate, ensuring efficient cooling or
warming as needed and minimizing environmental strain caused by artificial devices.
Although it may incur costs, investing in indoor landscapes serves as a preventive
measure, protecting the structure from contributing to environmental degradation.
Additionally, these spaces enhance the overall atmosphere during transitions
between different areas.
1. GREEN GARDEN
These arrangements are commonly found in bungalow courtyards or interior spaces
with proper lighting and consideration for wind flow. The purpose is to maintain a
fresh and vibrant indoor environment, providing a refreshing experience akin to
strolling in a lush garden. It is recommended for areas with clean surroundings to
prevent issues with mosquitoes and insects, though it does require some
maintenance.
2. STONE SCAPING
Stone landscaping, integral to Japanese landscapes, is globally adopted to replicate
similar serene environments. In such spaces, greenery is minimal, replaced by
diverse stone tiles or authentic pebbles. Stone scapes are commonly incorporated
into the interiors of bungalows, entrance lobbies, extended bedrooms, connecting
seamlessly with the external environment. These areas serve dual purposes,
functioning as both meditation zones and resembling the peaceful Zen Gardens
typical of Japanese landscapes.
3. HOLY SCAPE
Various beliefs and customs designate certain plants as sacred, believed to bring
good fortune to the entire household. Indoor landscapes can incorporate these
sacred elements, featuring water bodies, holy plantations, and rounded pebbles to
cultivate a divine atmosphere. Additionally, statues can be placed on pedestals,
positioned at the center or a specific corner in accordance with religious rituals or
sacred texts.
4. HORTICULTURE
These are similar to the green garden courtyards. The only difference here is the
plantations are well planned and are actually harvested for further use.For example,
there are some crops like herbs which are planted and also some flowering plants that
are used once grown completely.This is actually farming on a very micro level. A
variety of indoor crops and plants can suffice the needs of the end user.
5. FLOATING INDOOR LANDSCAPING
Floating landscapes, as the name implies, are designed patches of landscape
situated on small bodies of water. Not advisable for warm and humid climates due to
their potential to raise indoor humidity levels, these spaces are primarily visual in
nature. Indoor landscapes of this kind find suitable placement in bungalows,
particularly near living or dining areas, where a tranquil and soothing ambiance is
desired.
6. WATER SCAPES
Water scapes in interiors create a dynamic feel, often with small channels or ponds
adorned with fountains or pebbles. The addition of water plants enhances the
ambiance. Vertical extensions, like streams or indoor waterfalls on walls, are
common, connecting with ponds or streams below. Positioned near living or dining
areas, these features add vibrancy to spaces, including passages or lobbies.
OUTDOOR LANDSCAPING:
This involves designing and enhancing the external areas surrounding a property,
incorporating elements like plants, hardscapes, and water features to create an
aesthetically pleasing and functional outdoor space. It is important as it enhances the
curb appeal of a property, contributes to environmental sustainability, provides
recreational areas, and can increase property value. Well-designed outdoor
landscapes also promote a connection with nature, offering spaces for relaxation,
entertainment, and improved overall well-being.
1. TROPICAL
This landscape is achiavable with plants like palm trees, birds of paradise, hibiscus,
bougainvillea, orchids, and jasmine. Consider using bromeliads, orchids, Arecaceae
(palm trees), and hibiscus for a vibrant tropical feel. Large-leafed plants like
Colocasia (Elephant Ear) add to the tropical illusion. Brightly-hued annual flowers
such as portulacas, dahlias, snapdragons, impatiens, and petunias are easy to care
for and suitable for container planting, enhancing the tropical vibe.
2. WOODLAND
This landscape opt for a low-maintenance woodland landscaping style. This design
features forest trees, shrubs, and florals that grow naturally with minimal human
intervention. Traditional choices include hardwood trees like oak, maple, hickory,
walnut, and cherry, although they require time to mature. Softwoods like cedar,
Douglas fir, juniper, pine, redwood, spruce, and yew grow faster and maintain
coverage in winter. Enhance the woodland ambiance with stone pathways, wooden
benches, and decorative or functional birdhouses.
3. PRAIRIE
For a different look, opt for a prairie landscape featuring tall grasses and herbaceous
flowering plants like native switchgrass. Switchgrass offers a variety of colors and is
adaptable to diverse environments, making it suitable for various climates. It is
drought-resistant and cost-effective, providing an alternative to trees or shrubs.
4. DESERT
Create a vibrant desert-style landscape with low-maintenance and water-efficient
features. Essential elements include succulents like cacti, aloe, and yucca, as well
as colorful plants like begonia, autumn sage, and yellow columbine. Opt for
Southwest-style decor and light-colored, heat-resistant furniture. Add drama with a
fire pit and enhance outdoor living with an outdoor kitchen. Provide shade through
umbrellas, gazebos, or desert-friendly trees to complete the desert oasis.
5. ENGLISH GARDEN
The English garden, reminiscent of the countryside or a grandmother's garden in
Kent, is a popular landscaping style that contributed to changing perceptions of
nature from fear to appreciation. It typically includes florals, shrubs, trees, and a
body of water, be it a large lake or a smaller pond or reflecting pool. Classic features
like bridges, benches, birdbaths, sculptures, and cobblestone paths complete the
quintessential English garden aesthetic.
6. JAPANESE GARDEN
This landscape aims to create a space for serene contemplation, drawing from
Buddhist, Shinto, and Taoist philosophies. Essential elements include rocks, water,
plants, and ornaments, guided by design principles like asymmetry, enclosure,
borrowed scenery, balance, and symbolism. Common features include koi ponds,
waterfalls, stone basins, and bridges. Enclosed spaces, often featuring bamboo,
enhance the escape into peaceful contemplation, while decorative ornaments
contribute to bringing this landscape style to life.
7. TUSCAN
Citrus plants and potted herbs can help your garden look—and smell—like a Tuscan
landscape. If you have the space, a labyrinth of sorts can give guests (even if it’s just
kids) a place to roam. Growing your own herbs or vegetables is a symbol of
Tuscany’s connection to the earth. And an arbor or pergola is the perfect structure to
sit and observe your masterpiece.
8. FRENCH LANDSCAPE
French gardens, influenced by the Italian Renaissance, particularly exemplified by
the Gardens of Versailles, can be scaled down for a smaller replication. In this
landscaping style, the residence is the focal point, with straight-lined trees or shrubs
leading the eye toward the home. Key elements include trellises, columns, birdbaths,
fountains, and cast iron furniture, with symmetry being a crucial aspect of French
design.
9. SPANISH LANDSCAPE
Spanish-style landscaping, ideal for hot and dry climates, draws inspiration from
Islamic, Persian, and Moorish gardens while maintaining its unique flair. This design
is drought-tolerant, with ceramics as predominant structural elements, seen in
benches, reflecting pools, walls, walkways, and fountains. Unlike a single large
centerpiece, Authentic touches include terracotta pots, urns, and vibrant blue glazed
accent decor.
CONCLUSION:
As a result these indoor and outdoor landscapes play a vital role in increasing the
architectural beauty of a space and also makes the space more functional and
environment friendly. They provide a variety of rich ambience in an interior space
enhancing the value of the entire structure. These are a must in all scales of
bungalows as they provide a fresh environment within the spaces connecting them
well with the exterior on site landscapes. No matter which landscaping style spoke to
you, make sure you’re considering the best style for your property. Consider factors
like climate, weather, personal preferences and maintenance level before settling on
your finalized style.
REFERENCES:
Hirt, M., & Allen, S. (2022, July 25). 9 Types Of Landscaping Styles to Consider.
Forbes.
https://www.forbes.com/home-improvement/lawn-care/types-of-landscaping-styles/
Mehta, K. (2023). Design and Types of Indoor Landscaping.
https://happho.com/design-types-indoor-landscaping/
MEMBERS:
ENCALLADO, MA. LOURAINE
ENCORNAL, RICKSHELLE
EPANIS, APPLE KATE
3D LANDSCAPING

Group 10
Home Furnishings Reporting

By:
Doña, Princess Apple
Duro, Shania Kate
Elican, Xharzy Mae Stanllee V.
BSHE 2A
 3D LANDSCAPING
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS 3D LANDSCAPING?
• 3D landscaping typically refers to the use of three-dimensional design techniques in
landscape architecture. It involves creating digital or physical models that represent
outdoor spaces with height, width, and depth.
• Using 3D technology can enhance the precision and effectiveness of landscape
design, providing a more immersive understanding of how the final outdoor space will
look and function.
• The visual provided by the 3D plan is realistic and can include components such as
building materials, plantings, and grade changes.

FUNCTIONS OF 3D LANDSCAPING
• 3D Landscaping allows designers to visualize and plan landscapes in a more realistic
and detailed manner, taking into account various elements such as terrain, plants,
structures, and other features.
• 3D landscape design is developed in a unique software that allows the designers to
show how using 3D technology can enhance the precision and effectiveness of
landscape design, providing a more immersive understanding of how the final outdoor
space will look and function plant elements stack, layer, bloom, and height comparison.
• 3D landscape design is the ideal way to help you visualize your completed project. It
allows you to see your outdoor space as an extension of your home and surrounding
yard.
• Multiple angles are given to demonstrate an aerial view, side views, and front views. It
is even possible to see how the plant selections look against an imprinted front door
stoop or at the back of the house. This is when the color of the home’s siding, window
locations, and the size of the structure really help the homeowner understand what the
design will look like.

 Landscaping is an art form that transforms outdoor spaces into beautiful, functional and
sustainable environments. But before the actual landscaping elements are laid out, it all
starts with a 3D landscape design. Whether you’re looking to enhance your home’s curb
appeal, create an outdoor living space, or increase the value of your property, a well-
designed landscape can make all the difference.

 3D landscape designs are traditionally accompanied with larger-scale projects that have
complicated levels and multiple spaces. They are an excellent way for the homeowner
to really visualize what their design is going to look like once complete.
3D LANDSCAPE DESIGNS
• Using digital technology, a 3D landscape design is essentially an accurate and
detailed landscape blueprint that allows a homeowner to fully visualize any proposed
changes before any work begins.
• As opposed to traditional hand-drawn plans, 3D landscaping makes use of
sophisticated software to translate ideas into a model representation.

Created in conjunction with homeowners, landscape designers can include an array of

outdoor features, all to scale. These may include:
 Flower beds, plants and trees
 Fences and walls
 Pathways
 Water features, such as waterfalls, fishponds and fountains
 Play areas
 Driveways, decking and paving
 Swimming pools, Jacuzzis and hot tubs
 Firepits, fireplaces and barbecues
 Seating areas
 Shelters, such as gazebos and pergolas
 Storage structures, such as sheds and garages

BENEFITS OF 3D LANDSCAPING
1. View Your Design from Different Perspectives

• You’re not limited to a flat, unmovable design view on paper when you have
professional 3D design models created using high-tech software.
• You will be able to see how your home’s exterior looks from any angle and from
different perspectives. See what it looks like from the gate, from different windows of
your home, and even from your neighbor’s property.
2. Understand Diverse Colors and Textures

• You can get a good understanding of the overall aesthetics of your outdoor space with
3D designs.
• Get a clear view of proposed colors, including for paving tiles, flowers and paintwork,
to see how they work together and ensure that they match your preferences and
expectations.
3. See Your Yard in Various Lighting
 • 3D designs allow you to adjust the lighting for a clearer picture from dusk to dawn.
4. Enjoy Efficient Revisions

• If there are any changes you’d like to make to your designs, it’s fairly quick and easy
for a designer to implement them when using 3D design software. It’s definitely a much
less laborious task than with hand-drawn designs.
5. See Precise Installation

• Professional 3D landscaping designs are also of great help to contractors when it

comes to completed outdoor works. You, as the homeowner, can rest assured that
tradespeople will complete the work exactly as you wish with enhanced instructions and
a clear picture of how the final result should be.
6. Save Money

• Potentially, a landscape blueprint can help you to save money in the long run. There
are no wasted costs associated with designs that you discover later aren’t right for you
and want to change.

7. Feel Empowered

• Modern 3D design technology allows for greater input from homeowners when it
comes to designing their homes. Greater involvement can hep you to feel more
empowered when it comes to home maintenance and you may feel greater pride in the
overall finished job.

CONCLUSION
3D landscaping represents a transformative approach to design and visualize outdoor
spaces. The integration of advanced technology enables more immersive and detailed
representations, enhancing the planning and communication of landscaping ideas. This
innovative tool not only streamlines the design process but also provides clients and
stakeholders with a vivid preview of the envisioned landscapes. As 3D landscaping
continues to evolve, its potential for shaping aesthetically pleasing and sustainable
outdoor environments is promising, marking a significant advancement in the field of
landscape architecture.

REFERENCES
https://3d-landscape-design-is-beneficial-for-new-landscaping/
https://lidarnews.com/articles/historic-preservation-landscape-architecture/
https://www.whitehouselandscaping.com/what-3d-landscape-design/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics/
https://www.jhmay.com/many-benefits-of-3d-modelling-in-architectural-design/
https://www.cadcrowd.com/blog/17-reasons-why-3d-modeling-is-important-for-product-
design-firms/

Group 10 Members:
Doña, Princess Apple
Duro, Shania Kate
Elican, Xharzy Mae Stanllee V.

HOUSE PLANNING AND DESIGN

INTRODUCTION:
A house is a statement of philosophy encompassing the largest and most prominent
practical asset that the majority of people own or rent. In building a house it is necessary to have
a house plan. A house plan is a drawing that illustrates the layout of a house also know as
blueprints. House plans are helpful because they give you an idea of the flow of the house and
how each room relates to the other. Typically, a house plan includes the location of walls,
windows, doors and stairs as well as fixtures. They sometimes include suggestions for furniture
layout and furnished outdoor spaces such as patios and balconies.
They are usually drawn to scale and indicate the type of room as well as its main
dimensions and wall lengths. Your home is a reflection of your personality, a sanctuary where
you can relax, entertain and create lasting memories. Home design is an art form that requires
creativity and innovation. The process of designing your own home allows you to tailor every
aspect according to what you want and what you like when you live there.

RELEVANCE:
The relevance of house planning and design is to create your dream home in the most effective
way possible. It allows you to control the entire process of building a house, from the layout and
design of each room to the materials used to build it. Home design is a combination of both
beauty and comfort, as it involves the integration of creativity with functionality to create an
attractive and comfortable environment.

DESIGNING YOUR OWN HOME

The unparalleled degree of control that comes with constructing your own home is one of its
main advantages. You get the last say in all decisions, from designing the architectural style to
selecting the finishes and color choices. With this hands-on approach, you may create a
masterpiece that is really unique by realizing your vision exactly as you have imagined it.

7 STEPS TO DESIGN YOUR HOME:

Step 1: Visualizing Your Dream Home

The first step in designing your dream home is to unleash the power of your imagination and
bring your vision to life. Close your eyes and immerse yourself in a world where possibilities
know no bounds.

Step 2: Setting Priorities and Establishing a Budget

Now that you have a clear vision of your dream home, it’s time to set priorities and establish a
realistic budget. Creating a home involves a multitude of decisions, from the choice of materials
and finishes to the scope of the project itself. By determining your priorities early on, you can
navigate the design process more effectively.

Step 3: Unleashing Inspiration

With your vision in mind, it’s time to immerse yourself in the captivating world of inspiration.
Seek out a multitude of sources that will fuel your creativity and refine your design aesthetic.
From architectural magazines to online platforms, the possibilities are endless.

Step 4: Collaborating with Experts

Now that you have a wealth of inspiration at your fingertips, it’s time to harness the expertise of
professionals who will help bring your dream home to fruition. Architects and interior designers
are skilled collaborators who will transform your ideas into tangible plans and guide you through
the design process.

Step 5: Blueprint to Reality

As your dream home takes shape in your mind, it’s time to translate those ideas into detailed
plans that will serve as the blueprint for construction. This crucial step involves transforming
your vision into tangible drawings, layouts, and specifications that will guide the construction
team.
Step 6: Material and Finishing Selections
Now comes the exciting part of selecting the materials and finishes that will bring your dream
home to life. Every surface, from the flooring to the cabinetry, presents an opportunity to infuse
your personal style and create a harmonious atmosphere.

Step 7: Construction and Realization

With the plans finalized and the materials selected, it’s time for the most exhilarating phase of all
—watching your dream home come to life during the construction process. This transformative
stage is where the vision, creativity, and hard work converge to shape the space you’ve always
imagined.

20 MOST POPULAR TYPES OF HOUSE STYLES AND HOMES

1. Contemporary style house

With a fresh focus on sustainability, contemporary homes are similar to mid-century modern
homes.

Features: Its structure emphasizes geometry. Exterior with asymmetry. Layout with an open floor
plan
Pros: They are designed to save energy. In this type of house style, the available space is
effectively utilized and complements the overall structure. Built with an open floor layout.
Cons: It can be expensive to heat or cool a spacious open-plan home if it is not positioned for
solar gain.
Wide windows might provide a magnificent view of your home to neighbors and passers-by.

2. Ranch style house

This type of house is made of brick or wood, with the garage in the front. Ranch houses are
single story as well as broad.

Features:
Open floor layouts that are rectangular, “U,” or “L” shaped. An attached garage or a basement is
included. Low-pitched roofs on single-story floor plans.
Pros: Heating and cooling are easier in this home styles. Comfortable for casual living
It’s easier to design and more efficient than other types of home styles.
Cons: To build a ranch-style home comfortably, you’ll need additional acreage. The cost of
adding on is higher because the foundation must be extended. Because of the huge windows in
the front of the house, there is less privacy.

3. Classical style house

Features: A special feature of this kind of home style is paladin or tripartite windows. A layout
centered on a central hall.
Pros: This type of house is really durable. Their attractiveness is enhanced by high ceilings, wide
windows, decorative doors, and ceiling patterns.
Cons: Hand-carved finishes of the house necessitate time-consuming care.
Repairs might get costly.

4. Cottage style house

Cottage-style houses are often charming and warm, with an emphasis on charm and comfort
above adornment. Cottage houses are available in a number of styles, including bungalows,
Tudor houses, and others.

Features: Floor layouts with open corridors and doors. Exterior asymmetry. Usually, one to one
and a half stories
Pros: Housekeeping tasks take significantly less time. These houses are less expensive to
purchase, heat/cool, and furnish/decorate.
Cons: Smaller houses provide less space to work with. In remote areas, unexpected maintenance
concerns caused by wildlife or extreme weather are typical.

5. Farmhouse style house

For a long time, the farmhouse-style house has been a popular favorite in home design because
of its warmth, inviting draw, and traditionalistic design. The modern interpretation of this classic
home design deviates significantly from tradition, with clean, contemporary lines and also simple
elements.

Features: Family rooms are segregated from formal front rooms. Traditional kitchen designs with
open concepts Sitting room or living room with floor-to-ceiling windows. Front porches that are
spacious
Pros: These types of homes are less pricey. There is enough space to indulge in your interests
and raise your children in perfect seclusion. This can be an excellent option for rearing your own
animals.
Cons: If the house has not been carefully maintained, there may be some structural issues.
Repairs can be very costly.

6. Pueblo revival style house

The Pueblo Revival style is one of the few styles that originated in the United States. Native
American pueblo architecture directly influenced the style, which has been adapted to both
private and public buildings. It works especially well for multifamily houses, which are
reminiscent of Native American pueblos’ original multifamily nature.

Features: It features vigas or protruding wooden roof beams. Earth tones that are reminiscent of
desert colors. Parapet-trimmed flat roofs
Pros: In extremely hot areas, thick clay walls provide natural cooling. In all weather conditions,
their enclosed courtyards are ideal for lounging and entertaining. This contemporary take on an
ancient form of the house is perfectly suited to modern lifestyles.
Cons: There is a leakage risk with flat Pueblo-style roofs. True clay houses thrive in dry,
moderate climates.

7. Townhouse style house

A townhouse, often known as a townhome, is a privately owned dwelling with at least one
shared wall and its own entrance from the street. They are mainly common in large cities with
limited space.

Features: Multiple floors are added to enhance vertical space. They have separate entrances. The
houses range in height from two to three floors
Pros: They are often less expensive than similar single-family houses. Because of their small
yards, they require less exterior maintenance.
Cons: Outdoor area for private use is limited. There may be little or no off-street parking
available.

8. Mediterranean style house

Spanish and Italian villas are incorporated into Mediterranean-style residences. Because there is
a strong emphasis on indoor-outdoor living, they are most popular in temperate climates like
California and Florida. Tiled roofs, white stucco walls, warm stone and wood, and metal work on
balconies and windows are all included.

Features: Windows and doors with arches Wrought iron, massive doors, and beautiful tiles can
be some of the ornamentations Traditional red tile roofs with white or brown stucco walls
Pros: Houses like this one are cool and breezy in the summer time. The antique lime plaster walls
contribute to a consistent indoor temperature.

9. Victorian style house

Victorian mansions, named after Queen Victoria, first appeared in the 1830s and remained
fashionable until the early 1900s. They are often two to three floors in height, with elaborate
characteristics such as bay windows, tiny towers, dormers, porches, steep gable roofs, and
vividly colored exterior.
There are other designs that draw on these primary characteristics, including more ornate forms
like gothic revival and Queen Anne, as well as less decorative types like folk.

Features: Porches of varying widths. Woodwork and trim that is richly detailed. Roofs with
slanted gables
Pros: Historical significance. A diverse range of architectural styles
Cons: Smaller rooms with less storage. Constructed on a thin foundation
10. Greek revival style house
Due to their majestic columns that resemble those found on the Parthenon and other iconic Greek
monuments, Greek revival-style residences are some of the simplest to spot. This style, which
was influenced by Greek democracy, philosophy, and culture, first appeared in the United States
in the 1830s.

Features: Protected entryways and large porches. A rectangular building with triangular roofing
is an easy-to-recognize shape. Square and circular Greek-inspired columns
Pros: These lavish residences are both extravagant as well as secluded. In the summer, high
ceilings allow for more airflow and keep the rooms cooler. Unique in style.
Cons: Cleaning on a weekly basis takes time and it is also very expensive. Leakage is a concern
with low-pitched roofs. It may be difficult to lock the numerous entryway windows on this form
of property.

11. Italianate style house

Asymmetrical design, romanticism, and Medieval influence persist in Italianate architecture,
which borrows aspects from Medieval Italy. The Italianate style is prevalent all along the East
Coast, peaking between 1850 and 1880.

Features: Ornate hood molds adorn tall, narrow windows. Details and decorations in cast iron.
Natural light and ventilation are provided by belvederes.
Pros: The longevity of this style is due to its simple form and resilient building materials. East
coast Italianates ‘masonry walls can last for decades.
Cons: On wood-sided Italianates, regular painting is required to keep their luster. These houses’
gentle slanting roofs aren’t great in snowy climes.

12. Country style house

The popular “Colonial style” has been updated with this American Rooted Style. The colonial
house is influenced by European styles brought by 18th-century colonists.

Features: Floor plans that can be modified. Windows with decorative shutters. Double-hung
windows with a symmetrical pattern. One or two stories
Pros: Being so near to nature provides healthier air and greater mental wellness. Lower cost of
living
It provides a lot of space to grow.
Cons: You’ll have less access to government services.

13. Dutch colonial revival style house

The majority of today’s Dutch Colonial homes date from the early twentieth century’s Colonial
Revival period. Flared roof eaves and inventive wood and masonry are hallmarks of Dutch
Colonial architecture. Though the Dutch Colonial Revival style is more muted than the original
Dutch Colonial residences, they are far more ornate than traditional colonial homes.

Features: Gambrel roof and Dutch door. Fireplace and chimney. Wooden shutters and natural
materials
Pros: These types of homes are well-proportioned, detailed, and have beautiful front doors. The
upper levels have 8-foot ceilings.
Cons: Kitchens are frequently separated from living rooms and dining rooms.

14. Cape cod style house

The Cape Cod style was developed in the 1700s in the Massachusetts town of the same name.
These homes are attractive but tough, designed to weather the harsh winters of New England.
Wood siding, shingles on the roof, and a central door with a window on either side were
common features of early Cape Cod houses. These elements are still used today, although the
homes are larger and have more windows as a result.

Features: Symmetrical front entry Window shutters on double-hung windows. Chimneys are
centralized
Exterior decoration is simple.
Pros: Their roofs are modest and have a straightforward shape. This makes replacing their roof
simple and inexpensive. A Cape Cod home ‘s ideal layout creates a welcoming and intimate
atmosphere.
In the winter, the Cape Cod roofs are slanted to allow snow and ice to fall off.
Cons: It can be difficult to keep a Cape Cod style home cool during summer time. Heat
dispersion is uneven.

15. Craftsman style house

The Craftsman style emphasizes the importance of well-crafted, handcrafted structures.
Craftsman houses are typically horizontal and strong. On their porches, they have stunning hand-
worked materials, exposed beams, low-pitched gable roofs, and tapered columns. Custom
components such as built-in bookcases and a hand-laid fireplace may be found inside.

Features: The entrance is lined with pillars. Rafters exposed beneath the eaves The top and
bottom panes of glass on double-hanging windows are distinct.
Pros: They have unique features such as built-ins, artisan windows, and handcrafted trim work.
They were designed with functionality and family-friendly layouts in mind. Built with high-
quality material
Cons: There is usually no central air conditioning. When compared to newer properties,
maintenance can be more expensive.

16. Georgian style house

Georgian style, often known as Georgian English architecture, is a regal style that gets its name
from being the most prevalent architectural style between 1714 and 1830 when the first four
British kings reigned.

Features: Form and fenestration are symmetrical. Front entry pediment or crown and pilasters
Walls are made of stone or brick.
Pros: You will feel a sense of grandeur with the beautiful doors, fireplaces, and crown molding.
The multiple large windows and lofty ceilings provide plenty of natural light. The living spaces
are well defined
Cons: Rooms are intimate. Higher maintenance cost.
17. Mid-century modern style house
Modern houses, often known as mid-century modern, are gaining popularity among
homeowners. These residences were built between 1935 and 1975 and are divided into two
types: ranch and split-level.

Features: Connected garages and open kitchens. Interior design is based on functionality, arts
and crafts style era. Organic and geometric elements are combined. Open floor layouts are
designed to complement indoor and outdoor living spaces.
Pros: Their huge glass windows and squares style create a powerful statement. It can be mixed
with various styles of décor
Cons: It’s paradoxical that the smokiest, gassiest kind of heating would take up valuable living
room space. Open-concept homes are more challenging to heat and cool.

18. Split level style house

Split-level homes evolved from ranch-style homes and gained popularity in the 1950s and 1960s.
The separation of the living spaces is what distinguishes a split-level home. Split-level homes,
not just one level have various floors linked by short flights of steps.

Features: Window with a large view. Roofs with a low pitch. The facade is asymmetrical.
Pros: The split-level layout provides more separation between one story the downstairs and
upper areas than other home designs and is ideal for those who want to have an office, gym, or
hobby space downstairs. On any particular property, there may be more room to play with in
terms of yard size.
Split-level homes can easily be modified.
Cons: Remodeling Constraints. There are numerous stairwells.

19. Prairie style house

Frank Lloyd Wright, the architect, popularized prairie-style houses. With low and long shapes in
the floor plan and building elements, these residences celebrate and enhance the natural beauty
of the Midwestern terrain.

Features: Exteriors using thin bricks or stucco to complement the contour of the house. Roofs
that are flat or shallow and steep roofs also have overhanging eaves. Buildings are long and low
to the earth
Pros: The house has a stunning stone and concrete massing. The property is very secluded.
Cons: The ceilings aren’t all that high.

20. Shotgun style house

Shotgun houses are prevalent in the Southwest, particularly in the New Orleans area. They are
often narrow, with rooms arranged in a straight line with no passageways. The living room is at
the front, while the kitchen is in the back.

Features: A gabled roof, particularly if constructed during the 1800s. Painted in vibrant colors
There are no hallways or side windows.
Pros: The lack of hallways and high ceilings enable an efficient cross-ventilation and cooling
system. Lower property taxes may be possible. Those placed on stilts benefit from cooling from
below as well as flood protection.
Cons: Insufficient privacy between rooms. For the same square footage, more building material
is utilized, which means more possible upkeep.

LANDSCAPING
Low-Maintenance Border
If you want your fence to enhance your backyard's design instead of blending it, border it with a
variety of evergreen trees and shrubs. For a low-maintenance border, choose hardy plants like
monkey grass.
Dreamy Succulent
This outdoor seating area is surrounded by a variety of potted succulents that bring height and
texture to the backyard. Plus, they're easy to maintain.
Colorful Mediterranean Courtyard
This home's courtyard has a romantic feel with hanging string lights above a cozy seating
area and a large, colorful rose bush that trails up one side of the courtyard.
Little Yet Lush
If you only have a small front yard to work with, you can still go big. To add a lush look,
include plants with large foliage like hydrangeas. To bring in color, plant flowers like yellow
daffodils and pink cone flowers.
Private Seating Area
The abundance of plants acts as a privacy wall and makes this boho-inspired backyard
seating area feel like it's miles away from the home, creating a place to unwind after a busy day.
REFERENCE:

House plans - how to design your home plan online (2023) RoomSketcher. Available at: https://www.roomsketcher.com/house-plans/ (Accessed:
12 November 2023).
The importance of a home design plan (no date) Luxury Custom Home Builders. Available at: https://www.aperryhomes.com/the-importance-of-
a-home-design-plan#:~:text=A%20home%20design%20plan%20is,materials%20used%20in%20its%20construction. (Accessed: 12 November
2023).
How to design a home? 7 steps to design your dream home: Foyr (2023) Create Beautiful 3D Designs. Available at: https://foyr.com/learn/how-
to-design-your-dream-home/ (Accessed: 12 November 2023).
20 Most Popular Types of House Styles and Homes - Foyr Neo. (2022, June 24). Create Beautiful 3D Designs. https://foyr.com/learn/types-of-
house-styles/ ‌
https://www.thespruce.com/simple-landscaping-ideas-6823603
 GROUP 13
HOUSE FUNCTIONAL PLANNING

Introduction:
What makes a house functional?
In order to create a functional home, some rooms inside the house should serve dual
purpose. For example, the bathroom can act as a laundry room, or the dining area
being placed within the kitchen. Through this method, spaces can be used effectively,
making it more practical for the owner of the house.
Functional house planning is crucial for a number of reasons. Firstly, it ensures that the
space is used efficiently. A well-planned house can make a small space feel spacious
and a large space feel cozy and intimate. It's all about making sure that every square
foot is put to good use. Secondly, it can greatly enhance your quality of life. A house
that's designed with your lifestyle in mind can make everyday tasks easier and more
enjoyable. For example, a kitchen that's designed for someone who loves to cook will
have ample counter space, good lighting, and easy access to appliances and utensils.
Thirdly, functional house planning can also save you money in the long run. By thinking
ahead and planning for your future needs, you can avoid costly renovations down the
line. Lastly, it can increase the value of your home. A well-designed, functional home is
more appealing to potential buyers, which can help you get a better price if you ever
decide to sell.

10 Tips Functional House Planning

1. Properly plan the layout- in order to have a functional home, the first thing that you
have to consider is to properly plan the layout of your home. People consider this as the
most important stage, because it will allow the owner of the house to move freely inside
the structure if all the rooms are used properly.
2. Be practical always- in designing a house, one must be practical. In order to create
a functional home, some rooms inside the house should serve dual purpose. For
example, the bathroom can act as a laundry room, or the dining area being placed
within the kitchen. Through this method, spaces can be used effectively, making it more
practical for the owner of the house.
3. Use empty spaces-dead spaces inside the house should be converted into
something more inviting. Libraries, play rooms, or entertainment areas are the best
choices when converting a dead space inside the house. These empty spaces, when
used effectively, will make your home more appealing and inviting, especially for the
guests and the visitors.

4. Consider the future- the future must be considered whenever you are designing
your house. If someone is only thinking about the present, problems might arise
sometime in the future. If you have small children in the present, consider how your
home will function when they grow up.
5. Find a storage area- a house that has been designed properly always has a storage
area. Storage areas can be an empty room inside the house, or other places that are
vacant like kitchen cabinets or bed room closets. The most important thing about having
storage areas inside the house is that the clutters would be less, and the house would
look cleaner.
6. Proper lighting-one should also consider how the interior of the house is being
lighted. The interior of the house should receive enough natural light during the morning
in order to conserve energy. At night, proper installation of lights is required in order to
light up the house while only using the least energy possible.
7. Effectively utilize spaces- the rooms inside the house should be used according to
their purpose, but living in the 21st century, these rooms can transform depending on
the needs and the situation. There are multiple tutorials available online on how to use
the least space possible when designing a house, without sacrificing the comfort. These
styles are being used mostly by minimalists.
9. Take note of the color- colors are one of the main factors on how the house would
look like. Learn how to play with colors and match them according to your taste. You
can also seek the advice of artists and designers on what color your house should have.
10. Select functional furniture - don’t pick out items that have a color or material you’ll
be constantly worried about getting ruined. Instead, choose a fabric that can hold up to
the wear and tear of daily life in a color that can hide some stains or discoloration.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, functional house planning is an essential aspect of creating a home that
not only looks good but also works well for the people living in it. It's about making the
most of the available space, enhancing the quality of life, saving money in the long run,
and increasing the value of the home. It requires thoughtful consideration of the
occupants' lifestyle, needs, and preferences. A well-planned house is more than just a
structure; it's a space where people can live comfortably and happily. So, whether
you're building a new home or renovating an existing one, functional house planning
should always be a priority.