COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

SOLAR SPIN DRYER WITH HEATER AND ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

One way to reduce one’s carbon footprint and “go green” is to reduce power

consumption at home. Appliances that consume the most energy in a household usually

involve heating, and an electric clothes dryer is one such appliance, consuming up to

4KW of power. Finding an alternative way to dry clothes can help reduce energy costs.

The most environmentally friendly way is to hang clothes outside to dry, a natural solar

and wind powered method that has been used for centuries, but unfortunately most people

are unable to do so because of where they live. People living in apartments, for example,

usually do not have access to an outdoor space, or even a window that receives sunlight.

Some neighborhood communities do not allow the hanging of laundry outside as it is

regarded as “unsightly” and should be kept away from public view. Even people who are

physically able to do so are prohibited by rules of the homeowner association of their

community.

This project aims to provide an alternate solution to the wall-powered electric

clothes dryer by designing one which operates entirely off the grid. This project entails

building a large black box with a window, which helps collect heat and the of ultra-violet

lights. On the inside of this black box will be internal hardware to dry the clothes. The

internal hardware will run from a battery storage charged by a solar panel. On the outside

of the box lies the control panel which consists of switches and a timing mechanism.

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In various forms of technology, solar thermal applications have been in energy

conversion devices, central heating, cooking, drying and even refrigeration. Drying is a

vital operation in any industrial process and daily needs, requiring substantial

conventional energy. Drying of clothes is a daily operation. However, in situations and

places like hospitals and hotels, this process does not work effectively viz. if there is

considerable humidity, less sunlight, rainy season, drying of clothes on a large scale when

quick drying is needed. Hence, conventional dryers prove to be energy consuming and

less efficient in such situations. In the drying of washing machines, centrifugal forces are

considered. There is one drawback in this method of drying as the water still remains in

the capillaries of the clothes and hence take a longer time to dry out in short time. The

current project is an attempt to fabricate and develop a dryer based on solar energy which

can redress these problems effectively, and thus prove to be an efficient alternative form

of a dryer.

Significance of the Study

The purpose of the solar spin dryer with heater is to dry our clothes faster,

especially during the rainy season when the sun rarely shines. using the spin dryer with

heater, the drying of our clothes will be faster because of the heat released by the heater,

which will dry our clothes if with a normal dryer, the clothes are only slightly or a little

wet with the solar spin dryer and the clothes dry directly because of the power of its cycle

and its heat because of its heater. the ones who can benefit from this are the house holders

or anyone in the community.

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Households. This study will result in making it easier to dry the clothes and

lighten the work in our home.

Community. This study may help the community to make it faster and easier to

dry clothes.

Future Researchers. This study will help the future researchers to increase their

knowledge in the technology adoption that will allow addressing the appliances

consumers.

Statement of Project Objective

The main purposed of this study is to develop a solar spin dryer and determine its

acceptability and efficiency, specifically, the study aimed to satisfy the following

objectives:

1. Design the solar spin dryer with heater and ultra-violet light

2. Fabricate a solar spin dryer

3. Determine the capabilities and limitation of solar spin dryer

4. Evaluate the efficiency of solar spin dryer in terms of solar panel, heater, and

ultra-violet light

4.1. economy;

4.2. structure;

4.3. durability;

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4.4. functionality; and

4.5. safety.

Scope and Limitation

The study is limited to the effectiveness and acceptability of the solar spin dryer

with heater and ultra-violet light , this study was conducted at President Ramon

Magsaysay State University , College of Industrial Technology, Main Campus.

The study soughed to compare the use of new developed dryer to its original

designed and to determine its efficiency of the device in terms of economy, structure,

durability, functionality and safety, the researcher conducted pilot testing of the

device.

The respondents are the households who were using a spin dryer in their

homes in which evaluated the efficiency of device through a research instrument in

the form of a questionnaires. The instrument was designed to gather the assessment

of respondents on the efficiency of the solar spin dryer with heater and ultra-violet

light.

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presented related information basic to the project study in the

field of Automotive Technology. The discussion adopted the thematic approach on

the following topics: the application operation and definition of motorized scissor

jack and the concluding statement.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Spin Dryer Motor

A spin dryer motor is an energy-efficient dryer that centrifuges the water out of

clothes. These dryers are generally much smaller than a regular clothes dryer and don't use

heat to dry clothes — they use centrifugal force instead. Using a spin dryer can be a

convenient and easy way to save energy and time.

Sharp Rubber Bello

In industrial laundries, we can also find big dryers used to extract the humidity of

the wear that is already washed. Dryers might also use rubber bellow suspension systems,

especially the biggest ones in order to prevent shocks and vibrations and avoid breaks or

disruptions in production.

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It is relevant to consider that the rubber bellow spring is specially used in big

industrial washing machines and dryers, where large amounts of clothing are washed

every day.

Aluminum Coupling

Aluminum pipe couplings are useful for several reasons: First, they

are highly resistant to corrosion, which is particularly useful in outdoor construction.

Aluminum is also a lighter metal than steel and is very easy to install.

Spin Dryer Capacitor

The motor on a tumble dryer is an induction motor and does not usually have

brushes, requiring a capacitor to supply current to one of its windings. As the

capacitor ages over time, its performance can deteriorate progressively, before

eventually failing altogether.

Fuse

The role of the thermal fuse is to prevent fires, by detecting when the dryer

drum is overheating, and tripping in response. The dryer will therefore stop running.

A thermal fuse is a one-time use component, but luckily, they are inexpensive and

easy to replace.

Spin Dryer Shock Absorber

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The highly efficient suspension system with two independent springs and

additional shock absorbers significantly increases the lateral stability of the washing

machine. This approach minimizes the impact of vibrations during the spin cycle.

Bushing

Rubber bushings are effective in reducing the transmission of shock and

vibration between parts. In the automotive industry, there are many advantages of

using rubber on shock absorbers, including improved safety and comfort when

driving, minimized noise and damage due to reduced vibration.

Spin/ Tub Basket

This circulates the water through the machine, rotating in two directions. It's

used for circulating the water through the wash cycle and for draining the water

during the spin cycle.

Solar Panel

Solar technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy either through

photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar radiation. This energy

can be used to generate electricity or be stored in batteries or thermal storage.

Solar Power Battery Inverter/ Converter Transformer

Converters can be used for DC-DC conversion. Here, inverter converts DC to

AC, then a transformer is used to convert it back into DC. Inverters are used to

convert DC electricity from sources like solar panels, batteries, or fuel cells to AC

electricity.

Concluding statement

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These above cited project and studies conducted, justifies that this project

solar spin dryer with heater and ultra-violet light has been thought of due to the need

of improving solar powered dryer and making it more easy to undergo in cleaning

clothes and let it dry. It also helps households cleaning their clothes and reduce

electrical bills.

Conceptual framework

This study is based on solar powered dryer with heater and ultra-violet light.

The conceptualization of the project leads to the development of the device and

further led the researcher to construct the project using materials available in local

market. Testing and evaluation of the device was done to determine the operating

capability and efficiency of the device.

Research Paradigm

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Review of 1. Project, planning
existing solar spin and designing
dryer with heater 2. Project Solar Spin Dyer
and ultra-violet light development with Heater and
2. Problem of using 3. Testing and Ultra-Violet Light
solar spin dryer validation
4. Revision
3. Conceptualization
5. Finalization
of a solar spin dryer

Evaluation of
stakeholders on
efficiency of solar
RESULT spin dryer with
heater and ultra-
violet light

Figure 1. Research Paradigm of motorized scissor jack.

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The research paradigm of the study was shown below. Frame 1 present the

input, frame 2 the process , frame 3 the output and frame 4 evaluation on the

efficiency of the motorized scissor jack.

Frame 1 pertains to inputs which covers the review of existing solar spin

dryer with heater and ultra-violet light, the problem of using solar spin dryer, and the

conceptualization of a solar spin dryer.

Frame 2 presents the process, this covers the planning and designing of the

project, project development, testing and validation, revision and finalization.

Frame 3 which is the output, presents the solar spin dryer with heater and

ultra-violet light.

Frame 4 is the result of evaluation of stakeholders on efficiency of solar spin

dryer with heater and ultra-violet light in terms of economy, structure, durability,

functionality and safety.

Assumption

The solar spin dyer with heater and ultra-violet light is very efficient in

cleaning and drying the households’ clothes in economy, structure, durability,

functionality and safety.

Definition of Terms

For clearer understanding of the study, the following terms were

operationally defined.

Durability.

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Economy.

Efficiency.

Functionality.

Safety.

CHAPTER III

OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK

Operational Framework summarized the key concept of this paper, it discusses the

Project Design, Project Development, Testing and Operation Procedure, Project

Evaluation which would describe and discuss the ways on how the researchers would

work on this project paper.

Research Design

This section presented how the project work. This includes the definition of

component parts and what each component does for the system or project. Block,

diagrams, raw materials used was itemized including specification and details.

The major parts of the device are the following:

1. Spin Dryer Motor. A spin dryer motor is an energy-efficient dryer that

centrifuges the water out of clothes. These dryers are generally much smaller than a

regular clothes dryer and don't use heat to dry clothes — they use centrifugal force

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instead. Using a spin dryer can be a convenient and easy way to save energy and

time.

2. Solar Panel. Solar technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy either

through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar radiation. This

energy can be used to generate electricity or be stored in batteries or thermal storage.

3. Battery Inverter/ Converter Transformer. Converters can be used for DC-DC

conversion. Here, inverter converts DC to AC, then a transformer is used to convert it

back into DC. Inverters are used to convert DC electricity from sources like solar panels,

batteries, or fuel cells to AC electricity.

Supplies and Materials

The quantity, name and description, unit cost and the total cost and materials used

in the construction of the project is shown in Table 1.

Table 1
Materials And Description
Quantity Unit Name and Unit cost Total cost
Description

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The tools and equipment used to construct the Solar Spin Dryer was shown in

Table 2.

Table 2
Tools and Equipment
Quantity unit Description
pc
pc
pc
pc
pc
Project Development

The development of the Solar Spin Dryer presents the methods and procedure in

the construction of the project. This is represented by a flow chart followed by a detailed

explanation of the stages of development of the project.

Planning and Designing of Motorized Scissor Jack

Gathering all the materials

Construction of Planning and Designing of Solar Spin Dryer

Testing of Planning and Designing of Solar Spin Dryer

Revision

Finalization of Planning and Designing of Solar Spin Dryer

Figure 2. Flow Chart of Motorized Scissor Jack

Description of the Stage of the flow chart of Solar Spin Dryer

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Planning and designing. A schematic drawing of Solar Spin Dryer was

drafted by the researchers to come up with the final design. Upon through study the

design was finalized for fabrication.

Gathering all the materials. In this stage all the materials and tools needed in

the construction of Solar Spin Dryer are secured. The Solar Spin Dryer and the wiper

motor was bought from the store where it was commercially available. All other

materials were bought from the junk shop and scrap shop.

Construction of Solar Spin Dryer. This is the step by step assembling of the

different parts of the project taking into consideration every detail as planned.

Testing of Solar Spin Dryer. In this stage the device was put into test and

determine which part of the device needs to be revised.

Revision . This stage calls for the replacement of the incompatible

component and refinement of the case as well as putting up finishing touches on the

project.

Finalization. The device was subjected to final scrutiny of each member of

the research group until everybody convinced that the output project conforms to the

designed agreed. The device is now prepared for the evaluation by the respondents.

Testing and Operating Procedure

The Solar Spin Dryer is a portable appliance that helps the households` to wash

and clean their clothes and easily dry their clothes in a minute. It contains solar panel,

spin dryer motor, battery inverter/ converter transformer, heater, and ultra-violet light.

Table 3 presents the functionality testing conducted to the Solar Spin Dryer.

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Table 3
Functionality Testing for the Motorized Scissor Jack
Procedure Testing Result

Assemble the spin Check if the motor is in Connect the spin dryer
dryer machine. condition. motor to the batter
solar panel.
Transfer the Ready to spin and dry all Ready to fold the
clothes into the clothes in the basket. finished clothes.
spin basket and
arranged the
clothes evenly.
Be sure to attach Check if the machine It can be activated after
the safety cover there are some putting clothes on.
and close the technicalities.
inner lid.
Set the spin dryer Set the timer based on Wait until it done.
timer from 1 to the weight of the clothes.
10 minutes.

Project Evaluation

This section discussed the plans in the conduct of evaluation on efficiency of

the solar spin dryer by the experts and selected respondents. It presents the research

design, projected end users, evaluation instrument, data gathering procedure, data

processing and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

Developmental methods of research was applied in this study in order to meet

the desirable criteria. The systematic work drawing on existing knowledge gained

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from the research and or practical experience that is directed to producing new

materials, product, and devices, to installing new processes, system and services,

improving substantially those already produced or installed (Catane 1998) in other

words, this type of research is applied on photo typing, inventing, innovating,

improvising, and fabricating. This type of research also refers to R and D programs

that deal with developing materials for instruction.

Data Gathering Procedure

A dry run of the questionnaire was conducted to end users and or

stakeholders who have almost the same profile with the respondents of this study.

From the dry run of the questionnaire the researcher and their adviser simplified the

ambiguous parts, correct some deficiencies and necessary items and delete

unnecessary ones.

Permission was asked from the Dean of College of Industrial Technology to

use as respondents of the study. After the request granted, the researcher distributed

the copies of questionnaires to the respondents.

After retrieving the result, the data was confidentially kept until all important

suggestions and feed backs for the data are completed for tabulation and application

of appropriate statistical tools.

Data Processing

The result of the survey was classified, tallied, and tabulated. The tabulated

data constitutes the evaluation on the efficiency of the Solar Spin Dryer in terms of

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safety, durability, and functionality. The Likert scale technique was adopted to

quantify the responses on the evaluation of the device. Subject were asked to express

agreement or disagreement on a five-point scale evaluation on the degree of

efficiency of the Solar Spin Dryer in terms of economy, structure, durability,

functionality and safety.

The following qualitative distribution including the Likert’s scale was

adopted to quantify the responses of each item.

Numerical Value Point scale Descriptive Equivalent

5 4.20 – 5.0 Highly Efficient

4 3.40 – 4.19 Moderately Efficient

3 2.60 – 3.39 Efficient

2 1.80 – 2.59 Fairly Efficient

1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Efficient

Statistical Treatment Data

The weighted mean was the statistical tool used to determine the weight of

the individual option as to the preferences on the efficiency of the Solar Spin Dryer

in terms of economy, structure, durability, functionality, and safety as stated in

objective number four (4). The point value for each rating is multiplied by the

frequency tallied for each descriptive rating. The weighted mean calculated by taking

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the sum of the product of the point value and the frequency for each descriptive

rating divided by the sum of the frequency for each item being described.

The formula is:

∑ f (x)
x=
n

Where: X = weighted mean

∑f(x) = summation of the product of x and f

x = weight of each portion

f = frequency

n = total number respondents

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