GEOMETRY

Reviewer 2nd Quarter

L1 : Exterior Angle Theorem

Exterior Angle – Angle that forms a linear pair with one of the interior angles of a triangle.

Remote Interior Angle – Exterior angle of a triangle are 2 interior angles that are not adjacent to the
exterior angle. (Remote Interior Angle is the 2 angle that are farthest from the exterior angle)

Exterior Angle Theorem – Measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures
of its two remote interior angles.

50

60 A

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem – Measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either
its remote interior angle

30

4x + 2 8+6x
L2 : Triangle Inequality Theorem

Triangle Inequality Theorem – Used to determine a possibility of drawing or constructing a triangle

given the length of its sides.

The sum of any 2 sides must be greater than the 3rd side

Example: (CASE 1) Given the lengths, 2,4 and 5.

2+4>5
4+5>2
5+2>4 - Therefore the lengths 2,4 and 5 can make a triangle.

Example: (CASE 2) 2 sides of a triangle are 8 and 12, find all the possible lengths of the 3rd side.

Note: The difference of the 2 sides SHOULD not be negative, no angle is negative.

Formula : Difference of 2 given sides <x<Sum of 2 given sides

SOLUTION:

12-8<x<12+8

4<x<20

Example: (CASE 3) If the possible lengths of the sides 9 and 21 are 12<x<30, If the 3 rd side has an integer
length how many triangles are there?
Formula: (Last triangle – First triangle) + 1

SOLUTION:
1st TRIANGLE – 13

LAST TRIANGLE – 29

(29-13) + 1 = 17 Triangles

Example: (CASE 4) An isosceles triangle with lengths 8 and 3, What is the least perimeter of the triangle?

Note: Isosceles Triangle - A triangle with 2 sides that are equal

SOLUTION: Use Triangle Inequality Method

8+3>8 TRUE
8+3>8 TRUE
8+8>3 TRUE

P = 8+8+3 = 19
 L3 : Angle Side Relationship in Triangle

- The longer side is the opposite of the greatest angle

- The shortest side is the opposite of the smaller angle

X ²+2+2x=4+3x+24 = 180
A
x²+5x+130-180

x²+5x-50
X ²+2
(x+10) (x-5)
X=-10 or x=5

X=5

A=27

2x+4 3x+24 B=14

B C
C=139 CA,CB,AB (Shorter to longer)

L4 : Hinge Theorem

Hinge Theorem – If 2 triangles have 2 pairs of equal sides the triangle with the longer 3 rd side will have the larger included
angle.
L5: SAS AND SSS

SAS – Side Angle Side

- Has an included angle

SSS – Side Side Side

- Sides only

L6 : Pythagorean Theorem

Pythagorean Theorem – If angle is a right then the square of the length of the hypotenuse (longer side)
is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the 2 other sides (legs).

Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem - If the square of the length of the longest side is equal to the
sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides, then the triangle is a right.

If c ² = a ²+ b ² then the triangle is a right angle

If the square of the length of the longest side of a triangle is less than the sum of the squares of the
lengths of the other two sides then the triangle is acute.

If c ² < a ²+ b ² then the triangle is an acute angle

If the square of the length of the longest side of a triangle is more than the sum of the squares of the
lengths of the other two sides then the triangle is obtuse.

If c ² > a ²+ b ² then the triangle is an obtuse angle

Pythagorean Theorem

- Named after a Greek mathematician from the 6th Century “Pythagoras”

Pythagorean Triple

- A set of 3 positive integers a, b, c that satisfy the equation c ² = a ²+ b ²

EXAMPLE:

6-8-10

10² = 8² + 6²

100=100 = PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLE

FORMULA FOR MISSING HYPOTENUSE AND LEG

L7 : Special Right Triangle

Special Right Triangle – whose angle measures 45-45-90 or 30-60-90.

45-45-90 Theorem

Ratio = 1 : 1 : √2

Hypotenuse: √2 (Leg)
√2
Leg: (Hypotenuse)
2
30-60-90 Theorem

Ratio = 1 : √3 : 2

Hypotenuse: 2 (Shorter Leg)

Longer Leg: √3 (Shorter Leg)

𝐻𝑌𝑃 √3
Shorter Leg: OR (Longer leg)
2 3