Gate 2019 Civil Engineering Previous Years Solved Question Papers Trishna Knowledge Systems Full Chapter

GATE 2019 Civil Engineering Previous
Years' Solved Question Papers Trishna

Knowledge Systems
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebookmass.com/product/gate-2019-civil-engineering-previous-years-solved-qu
estion-papers-trishna-knowledge-systems/
tr
Also Helpful for GAIL, BARC, HPCL, BHEL, ONGC, SAIL, DRDO & Other PSU’s
ish
na
G R AD UAT E A PT I T UD E T E S T I N E NG I N EE R I N G
SERIES
’s
PREVIOUS YEARS’ SOLVED
QUESTION PAPERS
PREVIOUS YEARS’
SOLVED QUESTION PAPERS
CIVIL
ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING 2019

2019
Cr a ck th e
HIGHLIGHTS
Includes more than 28 years’ GATE questions
arranged chapter-wise
Detailed solutions for better understanding
Includes latest GATE solved question papers with detailed analysis
About Pearson
Pearson is the world’s learning company, with presence across 70 countries
worldwide. Our unique insights and world-class expertise comes from a long
history of working closely with renowned teachers, authors and thought
leaders, as a result of which, we have emerged as the preferred choice for
millions of teachers and learners across the world.
We believe learning opens up opportunities, creates fulfilling careers and
hence better lives. We hence collaborate with the best of minds to deliver you
class-leading products, spread across the Higher Education and K12 spectrum.
Superior learning experience and improved outcomes are at the heart of
everything we do. This product is the result of one such effort.
Your feedback plays a critical role in the evolution of our products and you
can contact us - reachus@pearson.com. We look forward to it.
Prelims.indd 1 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

This page is intentionally left blank.
Prelims.indd 2 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

GATE
Previous Years’
Solved Question Papers
Civil Engineering
Prelims.indd 3 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

Copyright © 2018 Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd
Published by Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd, CIN: U72200TN2005PTC057128.

No part of this eBook may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the publisher’s
prior written consent.
This eBook may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version. The publisher
reserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time.
ISBN 978-93-530-6132-6
eISBN 9789353065089
First Impression
Head Office: 15th Floor, Tower-B, World Trade Tower, Plot No. 1, Block-C, Sector 16, Noida 201 30,
Uttar Pradesh, India.
Registered Office: 4th floor, Software Block, Elnet Software City, TS 140 Block 2 & 9, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Taramani,
Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India. Fax: 080-30461003, Phone: 080-30461060
in.pearson.com, Email: companysecretary.india@pearson.com
Prelims.indd 4 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

Contents
Preface ix
Syllabus: Civil Engineering x
Important Tips for GATE Preparation xiii

Detailed Analysis of GATE 2018 Papers xiii-a
Solved Papers 2018 xiii-b
Detailed Analysis of GATE 2017 Papers xiv

Solved Papers 2017 xv
Unit 1: Strength of Materials 1.1

Chapter 1: Simple Stresses and Strains 1.3
Chapter 2: Principal Stresses and Strains 1.8
Chapter 3: Shear Force and Bending Moment 1.15
Chapter 4: Simple Bending Theory 1.21
Chapter 5: Shear Stresses in Beams 1.26
Chapter 6: Deflection of Beams 1.29
Chapter 7: Torsion 1.43
Chapter 8: Columns and Struts 1.46
Chapter 9: Thin Cylinders 1.50
Chapter 10: Miscellaneous Topics 1.51
Unit 2: Structural Analysis 2.1

Chapter 1: Degree of Indeterminacy 2.3
Chapter 2: Analysis of Determinate Trusses and Frames 2.11
Chapter 3: Propped Cantilevers and Fixed Beams 2.22
Chapter 4: Analysis of Indeterminate Structures 2.26
Chapter 5: Energy Principles 2.33
Chapter 6: Influence Lines 2.41
Chapter 7: Arches and Cables 2.47
Chapter 8: Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis 2.54
Unit 3:
Concrete Structure 3.1
Chapter 1: Concrete Technology 3.3
Chapter 2: Working Stress Method of Design 3.8
Chapter 3: Limit State Method of Design 3.11
Prelims.indd 5 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

vi | Contents
Chapter 4: Design For Shear, Bond and Torsion 3.34

Chapter 5: Design of Columns 3.40
Chapter 6: Prestressed Concrete 3.49
Chapter 7: Miscellaneous Topics 3.59
Unit 4: Steel Structures 4.1

Chapter 1: Structural Connections4.3
Chapter 2: Tension Members 4.14
Chapter 3: Compression Members 4.20
Chapter 4: Beams, Plate Girder and Trusses 4.24
Chapter 5: Plastic Analysis 4.30
Chapter 6: Miscellaneous Topics4.44
Unit 5:
Geotechnical Engineering 5.1
Chapter 1: Origion of soils 5.3
Chapter 2: Properties of soils 5.5
Chapter 3: Soil classification 5.10
Chapter 4: Effective stress 5.17
Chapter 5: Permeability 5.22
Chapter 6: Seepage analysis 5.31
Chapter 7: Consolidation and settlement analysis 5.38
Chapter 8: Compaction 5.53
Chapter 9: Shear strength 5.57
n
Chapter 10: Earth pressure theories 5.66
Chapter 11: Stability of slopes 5.79
Chapter 12: Stress distribution 5.88
Chapter 13: Foundation types and bearing capacity 5.91
Chapter 14: Deep foundations 5.103
Chapter 15: Soil exploration and field tests 5.112
Chapter 16: Miscellaneous topics 5.121
Unit 6:
Fluid Mechanics 6.1
Chapter 1: Propertiies of Fluids 6.3
Chapter 2: Fluid Statics 6.5
Chapter 3: Buoyancy and Flotation 6.10
Chapter 4: Fluid Kinematics 6.12
Prelims.indd 6 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

Contents | vii
Chapter 5: Fluid Dyanamics 6.18

Chapter 6: Laminar and Turbulent Flow 6.26
Chapter 7: Flow in Pipes 6.30
Chapter 8: Boundary Layer Theory 6.39
Chapter 9: Dimensional Analysis 6.44
Chapter 10: Hydraulic Pumps and Turbines 6.48
Unit 7: Open-Channel Hydraulics 7.1

Chapter 1: Uniform Flow 7.3
Chapter 2: Non-uniform Flow 7.15
Unit 8:
Hydrology 8.1
Chapter 1: Introduction to Hydrology 8.3
Chapter 2: Infiltration and Evaporation 8.7
Chapter 3: Hydrographs 8.12
Chapter 4: Flood Estimation and Flood Routing 8.22
Chapter 5: Well Hydraulics 8.25
Unit 9:
Irrigation 9.1
Chapter 1: Water Requirement of Crops 9.3
Chapter 2: Design of Canals 9.14
Chapter 3: Gravity Dams and Spillways 9.17
Chapter 4: Diversion Headworks 9.22
Unit 10: Environmental Engineering 10.1

Chapter 1: Water Requirements 10.3
Chapter 2: Quality Control of Water 10.4
Chapter 3: Sedimentation 10.16
Chapter 4: Filtration 10.22
Chapter 5: Miscellaneous Water Treatment Methods 10.24
Chapter 6: Distribution of Water 10.31
Chapter 7: Design of Sewers 10.32
Chapter 8: Quality Characteristics of Sewage 10.35
Chapter 9: Primary Treatment of Sewage 10.44
Chapter 10: Secondary Treatment of Sewage 10.45
Chapter 11: Disposing of Sewage Effluents 10.57
Chapter 12: Air Pollution 10.61
Prelims.indd 7 9/15/2017 6:14:11 PM

viii | Contents
Chapter 13: Municipal Solid Wastes 10.65

Chapter 14: Noise Pollution 10.67
Unit 11: Transportation Engineering 11.1

Chapter 1: Geometric Design 11.3
Chapter 2: Highway Materials 11.22
Chapter 3: Design of Flexbile and Rigid Pavements 11.30
Chapter 4: Highway Construction 11.46
Chapter 5: Traffic Engineering 11.48
Unit 12: Surveying 12.1

Chapter 1: Fundamental Concepts in Surveying 12.3
Chapter 2: Compass Surveying 12.5
Chapter 3: Levelling and Contouring 12.8
Chapter 4: Theodolite Traversing 12.13
Chapter 5: Curves 12.20
Prelims.indd 8 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

Preface
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is one of the primarily tests for various undergraduate subjects—
Engineering/Technology/Architecture and postgraduate level for Science. The GATE examination pattern has undergone
several changes over the years—sometimes apparent and sometimes subtle. It is bound to continue to do so with changing
technological environment.
GATE Previous Years’ Solved Question Papers for Civil Engineering acts as a practice material for GATE aspirants to
strengthen their conceptual understanding and application skills. The book includes more than 27 years’ GATE questions
segregated topic-wise along with exam analysis which is provided at the beginning of every unit. This book helps the GATE
aspirants to get an idea about the pattern and weightage of questions asked in GATE examination.
Owing to multifaceted opportunities open to any good performer, the number of aspirants appearing for the GATE
examination is increasing significantly every year. Apart from giving the aspirant a chance to pursue an M.Tech. from
institutions such as the IITs /NITs, a good GATE score can be highly instrumental in landing the candidate a plush public
sector job, as many PSUs are recruiting graduate engineers on the basis of their performance in GATE.
Salient Features
•• Includes more than 27 years’ GATE questions arranged chapter-wise.
•• Detailed solutions for better understanding.
•• Includes latest GATE solved question papers with detailed analysis.
•• Free online mock test based on GATE examination pattern for practice.
Despite of our best efforts, some errors may have inadvertently crept into the book. Constructive comments and suggestions
to further improve the book are welcome and shall be acknowledged gratefully.
Prelims.indd 9 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

Syllabus: Civil Engineering
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra; Systems of linear equations; Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable; Limit, continuity and differentiability; Mean value theorems, local maxima and
minima, Taylor and Maclaurin series; Evaluation of definite and indefinite integrals, application of definite integral to
obtain area and volume; Partial derivatives; Total derivative; Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional
derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE): First order (linear and non-linear) equations; higher order linear equations with
constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equations; Laplace transform and its application in solving linear ODEs; initial and
boundary value problems.
Partial Differential Equation (PDE): Fourier series; separation of variables; solutions of one-dimensional diffusion
equation; first and second order one-dimensional wave equation and two-dimensional Laplace equation.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems; Conditional probability; Discrete Random
variables: Poisson and Binomial distributions; Continuous random variables: normal and exponential distributions;
Descriptive statistics - Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Hypothesis testing.
Numerical Methods: Accuracy and precision; error analysis. Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic
equations; Least square approximation, Newton’s and Lagrange polynomials, numerical differentiation, Integration by
trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, single and multi-step methods for first order differential equations.
Section 2: Structural Engineering

Engineering Mechanics: System of forces, free-body diagrams, equilibrium equations; Internal forces in structures;
Friction and its applications; Kinematics of point mass and rigid body; Centre of mass; Euler’s equations of motion;
Impulse-momentum; Energy methods; Principles of virtual work.
Solid Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams; Simple stress and strain relationships;
Theories of failures; Simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, shear centre; Uniform torsion, buckling of column,
combined and direct bending stresses.
Structural Analysis: Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/energy methods; Method of superposition;
Analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames; Displacement methods: Slope deflection and moment distribution
methods; Influence lines; Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis.
Construction Materials and Management: Construction Materials: Structural steel-composition, material properties
and behaviour; Concrete—constituents, mix design, short-term and long-term properties; Bricks and mortar; Timber;
Bitumen. Construction Management: Types of construction projects; Tendering and construction contracts; Rate analysis
and standard specifications; Cost estimation; Project planning and network analysis—PERT and CPM.
Concrete Structures: Working stress, Limit state and Ultimate load design concepts; Design of beams, slabs, columns;
Bond and development length; Prestressed concrete; Analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads.
Steel Structures: Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of tension and compression members, beams and
beam-columns, column bases; Connections—simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses;
Plastic analysis of beams and frames.
Prelims.indd 10 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

Syllabus: Civil Engineering | xi
Section 3: Geotechnical Engineering

Soil Mechanics: Origin of soils, soil structure and fabric; Three-phase system and phase relationships, index properties;
Unified and Indian standard soil classification system; Permeability—one dimensional flow, Darcy’s law; Seepage through
soils—two-dimensional flow, flow nets, uplift pressure, piping; Principle of effective stress, capillarity, seepage force
and quicksand condition; Compaction in laboratory and field conditions; One-dimensional consolidation, time rate of
consolidation; Mohr’s circle, stress paths, effective and total shear strength parameters, characteristics of clays and sand.
Foundation Engineering: Sub-surface investigations—scope, drilling bore holes, sampling, plate load test, standard
penetration and cone penetration tests; Earth pressure theories—Rankine and Coulomb; Stability of slopes—finite and
infinite slopes, method of slices and Bishop’s method; Stress distribution in soils—Boussinesq’s and Westergaard’s
theories, pressure bulbs; Shallow foundations—Terzaghi’s and Meyerhoff ’s bearing capacity theories, effect of water table;
Combined footing and raft foundation; Contact pressure; Settlement analysis in sands and clays; Deep foundations—types
of piles, dynamic and static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, negative skin friction.
Section 4: Water Resources Engineering

Fluid Mechanics: Properties of fluids, fluid statics; Continuity, momentum, energy and corresponding equations; Potential
flow, applications of momentum and energy equations; Laminar and turbulent flow; Flow in pipes, pipe networks; Concept
of boundary layer and its growth.
Hydraulics: Forces on immersed bodies; Flow measurement in channels and pipes; Dimensional analysis and hydraulic
similitude; Kinematics of flow, velocity triangles; Basics of hydraulic machines, specific speed of pumps and turbines;
Channel Hydraulics—Energy-depth relationships, specific energy, critical flow, slope profile, hydraulic jump, uniform flow
and gradually varied flow.
Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, evapo-transpiration, watershed, infiltration, unit hydrographs,
hydrograph analysis, flood estimation and routing, reservoir capacity, reservoir and channel routing, surface run-off models,
ground water hydrology - steady state well hydraulics and aquifers; Application of Darcy’s law.
Irrigation: Duty, delta, estimation of evapo-transpiration; Crop water requirements; Design of lined and unlined canals,
head works, gravity dams and spillways; Design of weirs on permeable foundation; Types of irrigation systems, irrigation
methods; Water logging and drainage; Canal regulatory works, cross-drainage structures, outlets and escapes.
Section 5: Environmental Engineering

Water and Waste Water: Quality standards, basic unit processes and operations for water treatment. Drinking water
standards, water requirements, basic unit operations and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water.
Sewage and sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment
of wastewater, effluent discharge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of characteristics of domestic
wastewater, primary and secondary treatment. Unit operations and unit processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal.
Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality
standards and limits.
Municipal Solid Wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for
solid waste management (reuse/recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal).
Noise Pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise
pollution.
Section 6: Transportation Engineering

Transportation Infrastructure: Highway alignment and engineering surveys; Geometric design of highways—cross-
sectional elements, sight distances, horizontal and vertical alignments; Geometric design of railway track; Airport runway
length, taxiway and exit taxiway design.
Prelims.indd 11 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

xii | Syllabus: Civil Engineering
Highway Pavements: Highway materials—desirable properties and quality control tests; Design of bituminous paving
mixes; Design factors for flexible and rigid pavements; Design of flexible pavement using IRC: 37—2012; Design of rigid
pavements using IRC: 58—2011; Distresses in concrete pavements.
Traffic Engineering: Traffic studies on flow, speed, travel time—delay and O-D study, PCU, peak hour factor, parking
study, accident study and analysis, statistical analysis of traffic data; Microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow,
fundamental relationships; Control devices, signal design by Webster’s method; Types of intersections and channelization;
Highway capacity and level of service of rural highways and urban roads.
Section 7: Geomatics Engineering

Principles of surveying; Errors and their adjustment; Maps—scale, coordinate system; Distance and angle measurement
- Levelling and trigonometric levelling; Traversing and triangulation survey; Total station; Horizontal and vertical curves.
Photogrammetry—scale, flying height; Remote sensing—basics, platform and sensors, visual image interpretation; Basics
of Geographical information system (GIS) and Geographical Positioning system (GPS).
Prelims.indd 12 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

Important Tips for GATE Preparation
The followings are some important tips which would be helpful for students to prepare for GATE examination:
1. Go through the pattern (using previous years’ GATE paper) and syllabus of the exam and start preparing accordingly.
2. Preparation time for GATE depends on many factors, such as, individual’s aptitude, attitude, fundamentals,
concentration level etc., Generally rigorous preparation for four to six months is considered good but it may vary
from student to student.
3. Make a list of books which cover complete syllabus, contains solved previous year questions and mock tests for
practice based on latest GATE pattern. Purchase these books and start your preparation.
4. Make a list of topics which needs to be studied and make priority list for study of every topic based upon the marks
for which that particular topic is asked in GATE exam. Find out the topics which fetch more marks and give more
importance to those topics. Make a timetable for study of topics and follow the timetable strictly.
5. An effective way to brush up your knowledge about technical topics is group study with your friends. During group
study you can explore new techniques and procedures.
6. While preparing any subject highlight important points (key definitions, equations, derivations, theorems and laws)
which can be revised during last minute preparation.
7. Pay equal attention to both theory and numerical problems. Solve questions (numerical) based on latest exam pattern
as much as possible, keeping weightage of that topic in mind. Whatever topics you decide to study, make sure that
you know everything about it.
8. Try to use short-cut methods to solve problems instead of traditional lengthy and time consuming methods.
9. Go through previous years’ papers (say last ten years), to check your knowledge and note the distribution of different
topics. Also analyze the topics in which you are weak and concentrate more on those topics. Always try to solve
papers in given time, to obtain an idea how many questions you are able to solve in the given time limit.
10. Finish the detail study of topics one and a half month before your exam. During last month revise all the topics once
again and clear leftover doubts.
Prelims.indd 13 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

This page is intentionally left blank.
M01_GATE CE FM.indd 14 6/18/2018 4:39:26 PM

Detailed Analysis of GATE 2018 Papers
GATE CE Solved Paper 2018 (Set 1) Detailed Analysis
1 Mark 2 Mark Total
Subject
Questions Questions Marks
General Aptitude 5 5 15
Engineering Mathematics 3 3 9
Geotechnical Engineering 4 5 14
Environmental Engineering 2 4 10
Water Resources Engineering 1 2 5
Transportation Engineering 3 3 9
Geomatics Engineering 0 2 4
Structural Engineering 12 11 34
Total 30 35 100
GATE CE Solved Paper 2018 (Set 2) Detailed Analysis

1 Mark 2 Mark Total
Subject
Questions Questions Marks
General Aptitude 5 5 15
Engineering Mathematics 5 4 13
Geotechnical Engineering 4 5 14
Environmental Engineering 2 4 10
Water Resources Engineering 3 1 5
Transportation Engineering 3 3 9
Geomatics Engineering 0 2 4
Structural Engineering 8 11 30
Total 30 35 100
M01_GATE CE FM.indd 1 6/18/2018 4:39:26 PM

GATE 2018 Solved Paper
CE: Civil Engineering
Set – 1
Number of Questions: 65 Total Marks:100.0
Wrong answer for MCQ will result in negative marks, (-1/3) for 1 Mark Questions and (-2/3) for 2 Marks Questions.
General Aptitude
Number of Questions: 10 Section Marks: 15.0
Q.1 to Q.5 carry 1 mark each and Q.6 to Q.10 carry Solution: From the table, we can write down the following
2 marks each. equations:
Question Number: 1 Question Type: NAT (25 + 2θ)K = 32.4 (1)
Tower A is 90 m tall and tower B is 140 m tall. They are 100 (30 + 5θ)K = 42 (2)
m apart. A horizontal skywalk connects the floors at 70 m 30 + 5θ 420 105 35
(2) ÷ (1) ⇒ = = =
in both the towers. If a taut rope connects the top of tower A 25 + 2θ 324 81 27
to the bottom of tower B, at what distance (in meters) from
⇒ 810 + 135θ = 875 + 70θ
tower A will the rope intersect the skywalk?
⇒ 650θ = 65 ⇒ θ = 1
Solution:
Hence, the correct option is (B)
A B
20 30
Question Number: 3 Question Type: MCQ
M N “The driver applied the ______ as soon as she approached
O the hotel where she wanted to take a ______.”
(A) brake, break (B) break, break
70 70
(C) brake, brake (D) break, brake
Solution: The apt words for the two blanks are “brake” (a
device for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, typically
C by applying pressure to the wheels.) and “break” (a pause
Let MN to the skywalk, with M on tower A, N on tower B. in work or during an activity or event.).
DAOM ~ DNOC. The corresponding sides are in the ratio Hence, the correct option is (A)
2:7 Question Number: 4 Question Type: MCQ
2 200
= \ MO = (100) m m. “It is no surprise that every society has had codes of behav-
9 9
iour; however, the nature of these codes is often ______.”
Question Number: 2 Question Type: MCQ (A) Unpredictable (B) Simple
The temperature T in a room varies as a function of the (C) Expected (D) Strict
outside temperature T0 and the number of persons in the
Solution: The sentence says that every society does have
room p, according to the relation T = K(θp + T0), where θ
codes of behaviour. It adds (note the word “however”) that
and K are constants. What would be the value of θ given
the codes also have a characteristic. The characteristic can
the following data?
only be that it is “unpredictable”
T0 p T Hence, the correct option is (A)
25 2 32.4
30 5 42.0
Hema’s age is 5 years more than twice Hari’s age. Suresh’s
(A) 0.8 (B) 1.0 age is 13 years less than 10 times Hari’s age. If Suresh is
(C) 2.0 (D) 10.0 3 times as old as Hema, how old is Hema?
M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 2 6/18/2018 4:39:48 PM

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I | xiii-c
(A) 14 (B) 17 A D
(C) 18 (D) 19
B G E
Solution: Let Hari’s age be x. Hema’s is 2x + 5. Suresh’s C F
is 10x – 13
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 9
Given 10x – 13 = 3 (2x + 5) = 6x + 15
⇒ 4x = 28 ⇒ x = 7 Solution: Each letter represents a unique integer. In a gen-
eral situation, this means two things.
Hema’s age = 2x + 5 = 19.
(1) If a letter occurs more than once, it represents the same
Hence, the correct option is (D)
integer in each occurrence. (then part is not directly
Question Number: 6 Question Type: MCQ relevant, as each letter occurs only once.)
Consider a sequence of numbers a1, a2, a3, …, an where an (2) Different letters represent different integers.
1 1
= − , for each integer n > 0. What is the sum of the There are 7 letters and 3 products to be considered. The inte-
n n+2 gers A, C, D, F, G occur in only one of the 3 products while B,
first 50 terms? E occur in 2 products. If we use 5, the units digit of the prod-
 1 1 uct would be 5 or 0. Such a product can be obtained only by
(A) 1 +  −
 2  50 using 5. (as we can choose only integer from 1 to 9). We can’t
 1 1 have 3 products ending in 0 or 5. Therefore, we cannot use 5.
(B) 1 +  + Hence, the correct option is (B)
 2  50
 1  1 1  Question Number: 8 Question Type: MCQ
(C) 1 +  −  + 
 2   51 52  Which of the following function(s) is an accurate descrip-
1 1  tion of the graph for the range(s) indicated?
(D) 1 −  + 
 51 52  Y
1 1 3
Solution: an = −
n n+2 2
1 1 1
\ a1 = −
1 3 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3X
1 1
a2 = − −1
2 4
1 1 −2
a3 = −
3 5 −3
1 1
a49 = − (i) y = 2x + 4 for –3 ≤ x ≤ –1
48 50
(ii) y = |x – 1| for –1 ≤ x ≤ 2
1 1
a49 = − (iii) y = ||x| – 1| for –1 ≤ x ≤ 2
49 50
1 1 (iv) y = 1 or 2 ≤ x ≤ 3
a50 = − (A) (i), (ii) and (iii) only. (B) (i), (ii) and (iv) only.
50 52
(C) (i) and (iv) only. (D) (ii) and (iv) only.
1 1 1
\ The sum of these 50 terms = 1 + − − Solution: There are 4 parts: –3 to –1, –1 to 1, –1 to 2, and
2 51 52
2 to 3
Hence, the correct option is (C) For –3 ≤ x ≤ –1, y = 2x + 4
Question Number: 7 Question Type: MCQ For –1 ≤ x ≤ 1, y = 1 – x = –(x – 1) = | x − 1|
Each of the letters arranged as below represents a unique For 1 ≤ x ≤ 2, y = x – 1
integer from 1 to 9. The letters are positioned in the figure For 2 ≤ x ≤ 3, y = 1
such that (A × B × C), (B × G × E) and (D × E × F) are
equal. Which integer among the following choices cannot We see that i, ii, iv are true.
be represented by the letters A, B, C, D, E, F or G? Hence, the correct option is (B)

xiii-d | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I
Question Number: 9 Question Type: MCQ Question Number: 10 Question Type: MCQ
A fruit seller sold a basket of fruits at 12.5% loss. Had he The price of a wire made of a super alloy material is pro-
sold it for `108 more, he would have made a 10% gain. portional to the square of its length. The price of 10 m
What is the loss in Rupees incurred by the fruit seller? length of the wire is `1600. What would be the total price
(A) 48 (B) 52 (in `) of two wires of lengths 4 m and 6 m?
(C) 60 (D) 108 (A) 768 (B) 832 (C) 1440 (D) 1600
Solution: The difference between 12.5% loss and Solution: The price of wire of length l is Kl2.
10% profit (i.e 22.5%) is `108. Therefore, 100%, = For l = 10 m, the price is `1600
100 1600 = K (100) ⇒ K = 16.
(108) = 480
22.5
l = 4 ⇒ p = 16(16) = 256
12.5% is 1/5 and 1/8 of 480 is 60. l = 6 ⇒ p = 16(36) = 576
Hence, the correct option is (C) \ The total price of the two pieces is 832.
Civil Engineering
Q.11 to Q.25 carry 1 mark each and Q.26 to Q.65 carry ⎡3 –6 2⎤ ⎡ –3 6 –2 ⎤
2 marks each. ⎢7 7 7⎥ ⎢7 7 7⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Question Number: 11 Question Type: MCQ 2 3 6⎥ –2 –3 –6 ⎥
(C) ⎢ (D) ⎢
Which one of the following matrices is singular? ⎢7 7 7⎥ ⎢7 7 7⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
 2 5 3 2 ⎢6 2 –3 ⎥ ⎢ –6 –2 3⎥
(A)   (B)   ⎢⎣ 7 7 7 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 7 7 7 ⎥⎦
 1 3 2 3
Solution: Orthogonal matrix is
2 4 4 3
(C)   (D)  
3 6  6 2   3 2 6
7 7 7
2 4  
−6 3 2
Solution: Det  =0 Q=
3 6  7 7 7
 
So it is singular.  2 6 −3 
Hence, the correct option is (C)  7 7 7 
Question Number: 12 Question Type: MCQ Since Q is orthogonal, inverse of Q
For the given orthogonal matrix Q, −6
3 2
⎡3 2 6⎤ 7 7 7
⎢7  
7 7⎥ 2 3 6
⎢ ⎥ = Q −1 =Q =
T
–6 3 2⎥ 7 7
Q= ⎢ 
7

⎢7 7 7⎥ −3 
⎢ ⎥ 6 2
⎢2 6 –3 ⎥  7 7 7 
⎢⎣ 7 7 7 ⎥⎦
Hence, the correct option is (C)
\ The inverse is
⎡3 2 6⎤ ⎡ –3 –2 –6 ⎤ Question Number: 13 Question Type: MCQ
⎢7 7 7⎥ ⎢7 7 7⎥ At the point x = 0, the function f(x) = x3 has
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ (A) Local maximum
–6 3 2⎥ 6 –3 –2 ⎥
(A) ⎢ (B) ⎢ (B) Local minimum
⎢7 7 7⎥ ⎢7 7 7⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ (C) Both local maximum and minimum
⎢2 6 –3 ⎥ ⎢ –2 –6 3⎥
(D) Neither local maximum nor local minimum
⎣⎢ 7 7 7 ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢ 7 7 7 ⎥⎦

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I | xiii-e
Solution: We know that f(x) = x3 Side of base plate = 222222.22

⇒ f ′( x ) = 3 x 2  47.14 cm  48 cm.
f ′( x ) = 0 ⇒ 3 x 2 = 0 ⇒ x = 0 Hence, the correct option is (D)
\ x = 0 is a critical value of f(x) Question Number: 16 Question Type: MCQ
f ′′( x ) = 6 x The Le Chatelier apparatus is used to determine
Now at x = 0, f ′′( x ) = 0 and f ′′′( x ) = 6 ≠ 0 (A) compressive strength of cement
(B) fineness of cement
This signifies that f(x) has neither local maximum nor local
(C) setting time of cement
minimum at x = 0
(D) soundness of cement
Hence, the correct option is (D)
Solution: We know that soundness of cement s deter-
Question Number: 14 Question Type: MCQ mined by lechatlier apparatus.
A column of height h with a rectangular cross-section of Hence, the correct option is (D)
size a × 2a has a buckling load of P. If the cross-section
is changed to 0.5a × 3a and its height changed to 1.5h, the Question Number: 17 Question Type: MCQ
buckling load of the redesigned column will be The deformation in concrete due to sustained loading is
(A) P/12 (B) P/4 (A) creep (B) hydration
(C) P/2 (D) 3P/4 (C) segregation (D) shrinkage
π 2 El Solution: We know that creep is deformation of concrete
Solution: Buckling load for existing column P =
L2 due to sustained loading.
( 2a × a3 ) Hence, the correct option is (A)
π2
12 π 2 Ea 4
= 2
= Question Number: 18 Question Type: MCQ
h 6 h2
A solid circular beam with radius of 0.25 m and length of
 3a(0.5a)3  2 m is subjected to a twisting moment of 20 kNm about
π 2E  
 12  the z-axis at the free end, which is the only load acting as
Buckling load for new column = P′ = shown in the figure. The shear stress component txy at Point
(1.5h) 2
‘M’ in the cross-section of the beam at a distance of 1 m
π 2 Ea 4 P from the fixed end is
= =
12 × 6 × h 2 12 x Point M
Hence, the correct option is (A) M
20 kNm
Question Number: 15 Question Type: MCQ Z

y
A steel column of ISHB 350 @72.4 kg/m is subjected to 2m
a factored axial compressive load of 2000 kN. The load is Cross-section
transferred to a concrete pedestal of grade M20 through a (A) 0.0 MPa (B) 0.51 MPa
square base plate. Consider bearing strength of concrete as (C) 0.815 MPa (D) 2.0 MPa
0.45fck, where fck is the characteristic strength of concrete.
Using limit state method and neglecting the self weight of Solution: The below figure describes the Stress condition
base plate and steel column, the length of a side of the base for point M
plate to be provided is τ xy = 0
(A) 39 cm (B) 42 cm
(C) 45 cm (D) 48 cm
Solution: As we know that
Factored load Point M
Area of base plate =
Bearing capacity of concrete We know that txy represents the shear stress at free surface
2000 × 103 therefore it will be zero.
= = 222222.22 mm 2
0.45 × 20 Hence, the correct option is (A)

xiii-f | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I
Question Number: 19 Question Type: MCQ Solution: We know that for square footing qu = CNC + rDf
Two rectangular under-reinforced concrete beam sections Nq + 0.4rBNr
X and Y are similar in all aspects except that the longitudi- Also for circular footing qu = CNC + rDf Nq + 0.3rBNr
nal compression reinforcement in section Y is 10% more.
( qu )Circular rDfNq + 0.3rBNr 3
Which one of the following is the correct statement? = =
(A) Section X has less flexural strength and is less ( qu )Square rDfNq + 0.4 rBNr 4
ductile than section Y Hence, the correct option is (C)
(B) Section X has less flexural strength but is more
ductile than section Y Question Number: 22 Question Type: MCQ
(C) Sections X and Y have equal flexural strength but Bernoulli’s equation is applicable for
different ductility (A) Viscous and compressible fluid flow
(D) Sections X and Y have equal flexural strength and (B) Inviscid and compressible fluid flow
ductility (C) Inviscid and incompressible fluid flow
(D) Viscous and incompressible fluid flow
Solution: Y is Under-reinforced than X because section
Y has more compression steel compared to Section X. The Solution: As we know that Bernoulli’s equation is applica-
neutral axis of section Y is above the neutral axis of section ble for inviscid and incompressible fluid flow.
X. Therefore we conclude that ductility of Y is more and Hence, the correct option is (C)
also the flexural resistance of Y is more.
Hence, the correct option is (A)
There are 20,000 vehicles operating in a city with an aver-
Question Number: 20 Question Type: MCQ age annual travel of 12,000 km per vehicle. The NOx emis-
The percent reduction in the bearing capacity of a strip sion rate is 2.0 g/km per vehicle. The total annual release
footing resting on sand under flooding condition (water of NOx will be
level at the base of the footing) when compared to the situ- (A) 4,80,000 kg (B) 4,800 kg
ation where the water level is at a depth much greater than (C) 480 kg (D) 48 kg
the width of footing, is approximately
Solution: number of kms per vehicle
(A) 0 (B) 25
(C) 50 (D) 100 = 12000 km
NOx emission per vehicle annually will be
Solution: We know that Terzaghi’s bearing capacity equa-
tion is given as = 2 × 12000
= 24000 g = 24 g
Q = CN c + γ D f N q + 0.5γ BN γ
Annual release of NOx = 24 × 20000
C = 0 for cohesion less soil. Also fooling is resting on sand = 480000 kg
surface therefore Depth of fooling, D = 0
For water level is at base of fooling
qu1 = 0.5γ ′BN γ
A bitumen sample has been graded as VG30 as per IS :
For water level at much greater depth 73-2013. The ‘30’ in the grade means that
qu2 = 0.5γ t BN γ (A) Penetration of bitumen at 25°C is between 20 and 40
(B) Viscosity of bitumen at 60°C is between 2400 and
As γ ′ 50% γ sat (or) γ ′ 50% γ t 3600 Poise
Hence, the correct option is (C) (C) Ductility of bitumen at 27°C is more than 30 cm
(D) Elastic recovery of bitumen at 15°C is more than
Question Number: 21 Question Type: MCQ 30%
The width of a square footing and the diameter of a circular
Solution: As per IS:73-1950
footing are equal. If both the footings are placed on the sur-
face of sandy soil, the ratio of the ultimate bearing capacity VG10 VG20 VG30 VG40
of circular footing to that of square footing will be Viscosity in poise 800 1600 2400 3200
(A) 4/3 (B) 1 Penetration 80–100 60–80 50–10 40–60
(C) 3/4 (D) 2/3

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I | xiii-g
The speed-density relationship for a road section is shown A well-designed signalized intersection is one in which the
in the figure. (A) crossing conflicts are increased
(B) total delay is minimized
(C) cycle time is equal to the sum of red and green
times in all phases
Speed
(D) cycle time is equal to the sum of red and yellow

times in all phases
Solution:
Density
The shape of the flow-density relationship is
(A) piecewise linear Question Number: 27 Question Type: NAT
(B) parabolic A flow field is given by u = y , v = –xy, w = 0. Value of the
2
(C) initially linear then parabolic z-component of the angular velocity (in radians per unit
(D) initially parabolic then linear time, up to two decimal places) at the point (0, –1, 1) is
______
Solution: Consider the speed density relationship given
below. 1 δ v δ v 
Solution: w z = −
2  δ x δ y 
Speed
1 δ v δv 2 
=  ( − xy ) − ( y )
2 δ x δy 
1 −3 y
= [− y − 2 y ] = [At (0, −1, 1)]
Density 2 2
−3
We conclude that speed decreases as the density increases. w= × −1 = 1.5 rad/s.
Therefore, the plot for flow density curve is generally given 2
by a parabola. Question Number: 28 Question Type: NAT
The frequency distribution of the compressive strength of
Flow
20 concrete cube specimens is given in the table.
f (MPa) Number of specimens with compressive
strength equal to f
Density 23 4
28 2
the graph of speed-density is as given below
22.5 5
31 5
Speed 29 4
If m is the mean strength of the specimens and σ is the

standard deviation, the number of specimens (out of 20)
Density with compressive strength less than m – 3σ is ______.
We can observe that speed is constant for certain time and Solution: Mean strength
then decreases linearly . Therefore the flow-density graph
( 4 × 23) + ( 2 × 28) + (5 × 22.5) + (5 × 31) + ( 4 × 29)
will be linear for certain time and then becomes parabolic. µ=
20
Linear Parabolic = 26.57 MPa
Standard deviation strength
σ=
∑ ( µ − xi )2 n
n −1
( 26.57 − 23) 2 × 4 + ( 26.57 − 28) 2 × 2 + ( 26.57 − 22.5)
× 5 + ( 26.57 − 31) 2 × 5 + ( 26.57 − 29) 2 × 4
=
( 20 − 1)
xiii-h ∑ ( µ − xi2018
| GATE ) 2 n Solved Paper CE: Set – I
σ=
n −1
Area ratio of corecutter is
( 26.57 − 23) 2 × 4 + ( 26.57 − 28) 2 × 2 + ( 26.57 − 22.5) 2
× 5 + ( 26.57 − 31) 2 × 5 + ( 26.57 − 29) 2 × 4 π 2 π 2
= Do − Di
Aouter − Ainner
( 20 − 1) Area ratio = × 100 = 4 4 × 100
Ainner π 2
Di
= 3.7 4
\ µ – 3s = 26.57 –(3 × 3.7) = 15.47 π π
(106) 2 − (1100) 2
= 4 4 × 100
No. of samples less than µ – 3s = 0. π 2
(100)
Hence, the answer is 0 4
Question Number: 29 Question Type: NAT = 12.36%.
In a fillet weld, the direct shear stress and bending tensile Hence, the answer is 12.36
stress are 50 MPa and 150 MPa, respectively. As per IS
800: 2007, the equivalent stress (in MPa, up to two decimal Question Number: 32 Question Type: NAT
places) will be ______. A 1:50 model of a spillway is to be tested in the labora-
tory. The discharge in the prototype spillway is 1000 m3/s.
Solution: We know that the equivalent stress should be
fu The corresponding discharge (in m3/s, up to two decimal
less than places) to be maintained in the model, neglecting variation
3γ mw in acceleration due to gravity, is ______.
∴ f e = 150 2 + 3 × 50 2 = 173.2 MPa Solution: According to foude’s law
fu 400 Qmodel
fe = = = 184.75 MPa > 173.2 MPa = L2r .5
3γ mw 3 × 1.25 Qprototype
Hence, the answer is 173.2 MPa 2.5
Qm  1 
=
Question Number: 30 Question Type: NAT Q p  50 
In a shrinkage limit test, the volume and mass of a dry soil Qm  1 
2.5
pat are found to be 50 cm3 and 88 g, respectively. The spe- = 
1000  50 
cific gravity of the soil solids is 2.71 and the density of
water is 1 g/cc. The shrinkage limit (in %, up to two deci- Qm = 0.0566 m 2 /s ≅ 0.06 m3 /s
mal places) is ______.
Hence, the answer is 0.06
Solution: Dry density of soil mass ed(rho) =
M d 88 Question Number: 33 Question Type: NAT
= gm/cc
Vd 50 A 10 m wide rectangular channel carries a discharge of
20 m3/s under critical condition. Using g = 9.81 m/s2, the
Shrinkage limit ws =
specific energy (in m, up to two decimal places) is ______.
ew 1 1 1
− = − = 0.199 =19.9% 3
ed G 1.76 2.71 Solution: Specific energy Ec = yc
2
1/ 3
 q2 
Question Number: 31 Question Type: NAT yc =  
A core cutter of 130 mm height has inner and outer diam-  g 
eters of 100 mm and 106 mm, respectively. The area ratio 20
=
q = 2 m 2 /s
of the core cutter (in %, up to two decimal places) is 10
______. 1/ 3
3  22 
Solution: Heigth of corecutter = 130 mm and ha Ec =   = 1.11.
2  9.8 
Inner diameter of corecutter = 100 mm
outer diameter of corecutter = 106 mm. Hence, the answer is 1.11

π
1
2 ∫0
= GATE( x + x2018 )dx Paper CE: Set – I | xiii-i
Solved
cos zx
Question Number: 34 Question Type: NAT π

1  x2  sin 2 x   − cos 2 x  
For routing of flood in a given channel using the Muskingum =  + x − 
2 2  2   4 0
method, two of the routing coefficients are estimated as
C0 = –0.25 and C1 = 0.55. The value of the third coefficient 1  π 2 1  1  π 2
=  + 0 +  −  0 + 0 +  =
C2 would be ______. 2  2 4  4  4
Solution: Muskinghum method proposes that C0 + C1 +
C2 = 1
\ –0.25 + 0.55 + C2 = 1 Question Number: 37 Question Type: MCQ
C2 = 0.7 A cantilever beam of length 2 m with a square section of
side length 0.1 m is loaded vertically at the free end. The
Question Number: 35 Question Type: NAT vertical displacement at the free end is 5 mm. The beam is
A city generates 4 × 106 kg of municipal solid waste (MSW) made of steel with Young’s modulus of 2.0 × 1011 N/m2. The
per year, out of which only 10% is recovered/recycled and maximum bending stress at the fixed end of the cantilever is
the rest goes to landfill. The landfill has a single lift of (A) 20.0 MPa (B) 37.5 MPa
3 m height and is compacted to a density of 550 kg/m3. If (C) 60.0 MPa (D) 75.0 MPa
80% of the landfill is assumed to be MSW, the landfill area
PL3
(in m2, up to one decimal place) required would be ______. Solution: Deflection δ =
3El
Solution: Weight of MSW generated by city =
40 × 106kg/yr P( 2)3
5 × 10 −3 =
Weight of MSW in landfill = 0.9 × 40 × 106 kg/yr (0.1) 4
3 × 2 × 10 4 ×
= 36 × 106 kg/yr 12
Compacted density = 0.500 kg/m3 P = 3125 N
Compacted volume of MSW = M = P × L = 3125 × 2 = 6250 Nm
36 × 10 6
M σ E
= 65454.54 m3 /year = =
550 l y R
Total landfill volume = volume of MSW + volume of cover M 6250
σ max = = = 37.5 MPa
As given volume of MSW = 0.8 × total landfill volume Z (0.1)3
Volume of cover = 0.2 × total landfill volume 6
\ Total landfill volume Hence, the correct option is (B)
65454.54
= = 81818.18 m3 /year Question Number: 38 Question Type: MCQ
0.8
A cylinder of radius 250 mm and weight, W = 10 kN is
Height of landfill = 3 m rolled up an obstacle of height 50 mm by applying a hori-
81818.187 zontal force P at its centre as shown in the figure.
=
Area of landfill = 27272.7 m3 /year.
3

π P
The value of the integral ∫xcos 2 xdx is
0 W 50 mm
(A) p /82
(B) p /4
2
(C) p2/2 (D) p2

π π
 1 + cos 2 x  All interfaces are assumed frictionless. The minimum
Solution: ∫ x cos2 xdx = ∫ x  2  dx value of P is
0 0
(A) 4.5 kN (B) 5.0 kN
π
1 (C) 6.0 kN (D) 7.5 kN
2 ∫0
= ( x + x cos zx )dx
Solution: Consider the figure given below
π
1  x2  sin 2 x   − cos 2 x  
=  + x − 
2 2  2   4 0
M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 9 1  π 2 1  1  π 2 6/18/2018 4:39:58 PM

= +0+ − 0+0+ =
xiii-j | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I

The figure shows a simply supported beam PQ of uniform
P flexural rigidity EI carrying two moments M and 2M.
W D
M 2M
50 mm P Q
L L L
3 3 3
Weight of cylinder W = 10 kN
The slope at P will be
(A) 0 (B) ML/(9EI)
(C) ML/(6EI) (D) ML/(3EI)
D 1 L M ML
B Solution: R1 + R2 = × × =
C 2 3 El 6 ∈ l
1 L M  2L L  1 L M  L k 
R1 L − × ×  + − × × ×
We know that for rolling the normal reaction should be 2 3 El  3 9  2 3 El  3 9 
zero when the cylinder just starts to roll. 1 L M 2L
+ × × × =0
AD 2 − AB 2 = ( 250) 2 − ( 200) 2 2 3 El 9
BD =
ML
BD = 150 mm =
R1 = Slope at P
6 El
Taking 2MD = 0, P × 200 – W × 150 = 0
\ P = 7.5 kN
Hence, the correct option is (D) Question Number: 41 Question Type: MCQ
A 0.5 m × 0.5 m square concrete pile is to be driven in a
Question Number: 39 Question Type: MCQ homogeneous claycy soil having undrained shear strength
A plate in equilibrium is subjected to uniform stresses cu = 50 kPa and unit weight, g = 18.0 kN/m3. The design
along its edges with magnitude sxx = 30 MPa and syy = capacity of the pile is 500 kN. The adhesion factor a is
50 MPa as shown in the figure. given as 0.75. The length of the pile required for the above
σ yy = 50 MPa design load with a factor of safety of 2.0 is
(A) 5.2 m (B) 5.8 m
(C) 11.8 m (D) 12.5 m
y
σ xx = 30 MPa Solution: Qup = 9c × B2 + a c (4BL) = 1000 kN
x
1000 = (9 × 5 × 0.52) + (0.75 × 50 × 4 × 0.5L)
⇒ L = 11.83m.
The Young’s modulus of the material is 2 × 10 N/m and 11 2
the Poisson’s ratio is 0.3. If szz is negligible small and
assumed to be zero, then the strain ezz is
(A) –120 × 10–6 (B) –60 × 10–6 A closed tank contains 0.5 m thick layer of mercury (spe-
(C) 0.0 (D) 120 × 10–6 cific gravity = 13.6) at the bottom. A 2.0 m thick layer of
water lies above the mercury layer. A 3.0 m thick layer of
σ zz σ σ yy oil (specific gravity = 0.6) lies above the water layer. The
Solution: ε zz = − µ xx −
E E E space above the oil layer contains air under pressure. The
gauge pressure at the bottom of the tank is 196.2 kN/m2.
−µ
= (σ xx + σ yy ) The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and the acceleration
E due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2. The value of pressure in the air
−0.3 space is
= (30 + 50) = −120 × 10 −6
2 × 105 (A) 92.214 kN/m2 (B) 95.644 kN/m2
Hence, the correct option is (A) (C) 98.922 kN/m2 (D) 99.321 kN/m2

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I | xiii-k
Solution: Total gauge pressure at the bottom of the tank along the two-lane road and the single-lane road, respec-
= Pressure of air + Pressure of oil + Pressure of water tively will be
+ Pressure of Mercury. (A) 50 m and 20 m (B) 61 m and 18 m
196.2 × 103 = (0.6 × 103 × 9.81 × 3) + (9.81 × 103 × 2) (C) 111 m and 15 m (D) 122 m and 36 m
+ (13.6 × 103 × 9.81 × 0.5) + pair Solution:
\ Pair = 92.214 kN/m2. Consider the figure given below
20 kmph
A rapid sand filter comprising a number of filter beds is
required to produce 99 MLD of potable water. Consider
water loss during backwashing as 5%, rate of filtration as SSD2
6.0 m/h and length to width ratio of filter bed as 1.35. The
width of each filter bed is to be kept equal to 5.2 m. One
additional filter bed is to be provided to take care of break- 50 kmph SSD1
down, repair and maintenance. The total number of filter
beds required will be
(A) 19 (B) 20
(C) 21 (D) 22
Solution: Total water to be filtered = (99MLD) +
 5 
 100 × 99 MLD  = 103.95 MLD The minimum length of side of sight triangle for two lane
  2
 5
Also we know that V2   50 × 18 
5 
L road is SSD1 = Vt + = 50 × × 2.5  +  
B
= 1.35 2 gf  18  ( 2 × 9.81× 0.38)
 61m.
Since B = 5.2 m therefore length of each filter
The minimum length of side of side of sight triangle for a
L = 1.35 × 5.2
V2
= 7.02 m single lane road is SSD2 = Vt +
2 gf
Surface area of each filter = 7.02 × 5.2 = 36.5 m2 2
 5
Total surface area required =
Discharge through filter  20 × 18 
 
Rate of filtration = (20 × 5/18) × 2.5 +  18 m.
( 2 × 9.8 × 0.38)
103.95 × 103 Hence, the correct option is (B)
= = 721.8 m 2
6 × 24
72.18
Total no. of working units required = = 19.7  The following details refer to a closed traverse:
20 filters. 36.5
Consecutive Coordinate
The total number of filter beds required will be = 20 + 1 =
Northing Southing Easting Westing
21 units. Line (m) (m) (m) (m)
Question Number: 44 Question Type: MCQ PQ — 437 173 —
A priority intersection has a single-lane one-way traffic QR 101 — 558 —
road crossing an undivided two-lane two-way traffic road. RS 419 — — 96
The traffic stream speed on the single-lane road is 20 kmph SP — 83 — 634
and the speed on the two-lane road is 50 kmph. The per-
ception-reaction time is 2.5 s, coefficient of longitudinal The length and direction (whole circle bearing) of closure,
friction is 0.38 and acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2. respectively are
A clear sight triangle has to be ensured at this intersec- (A) 1 m and 90° (B) 2 m and 90°
tion. The minimum lengths of the sides of the sight triangle (C) 1 m and 270° (D) 2 m and 270°

xiii-l | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I
Solution: For close traverse ∂u

where u(0) = 3x = f(x) (say) and (0) = 3 = g ( x ) (say)
Line Consecutive Coordinate ∂t
Northing Southing Easting Westing ∂2u ∂2u 1
Comparing (B) with c 2 = 2 , we have c2 =
PQ — 437 173 — ∂x 2 ∂t 25
QR 101 — 558 — \ By D’ Alembert’s formula, the solution of (A) is u(x, t) =
RS 419 — — 96 x + ct
1 1
2c x −∫ct
SP — 83 — 634 [ f ( x + ct ) + f ( x − ct )] + g ( y )dy
2
S latitude = 101 + 419 – 437–83 = 0 t
x+
S departure = 173 + 558 – 96 – 634 = 1 1  t  t  5 5
Hence departure closure is 1 m, WCB = 90°

=  3  x +  + 3  x −  +
2  5  5  2 ∫ 3dy
t
x−
Hence, the correct option is (A) 5
t
Question Number: 46 Question Type: MCQ x+
1 5  5
= [6 x ] +  × (3 y ) 
A square area (on the surface of the earth) with side 100 m 2 2 x− t
and uniform height, appears as 1 cm2 on a vertical aerial 5
photograph. The topographic map shows that a contour of 15  t  t 
650 m passes through the area. If focal length of the camera = 3 x +  x +  −  x −  
2  5  5 
lens is 150 mm, the height from which the aerial photo-
graph was taken, is \ u(x, t) = 3x + 3t
(A) 800 m (B) 1500 m Therefore, the solution at x = 1, t = 1 is
(C) 2150 m (D) 3150 m
u(1, 1) = 3 × 1 + 3 × 1 = 6.
Solution: Area on earth = 100 × 100 m2 Hence, the correct option is (D)
Area on photo = 1 cm2
Question Number: 48 Question Type: NAT
We know that
Scale = 1 cm = 100 m The solution (up to three decimal places) at x = 1 of the dif-
d2 y dy
Total length = 150 mm ferential equation +2 y = 0 subject to boundary
dx 2 dx
H = 650 m dy
conditions y(0) = 1 and ) = –1 is ______.
f dx
∴ Scale =
H −h Solution: Given differential equation is
1 150 × 10 −3 d2 y dy
= +2 + y =0 (1)
100 H − 650 dx 2 dx
⇒ H = 2150 m. dy
where y(0) = 1 and (0) = –1 (2)
Hence, the correct option is (C) dx
Question Number: 47 Question Type: MCQ Applying Laplace transform on both sides of (1),
The solution at x = 1, t = 1 of the partial differential d2 y dy 
∂2u ∂2u L  2 + 2 + y  = L[0]
equation = 25 subject to initial conditions of  dx dx 
∂x 2 ∂t 2
∂u ⇒ ( s y − sy(0) − y ′(0)) + 2( sy − y(0)) + y = 0
2
u(0) = 3x and (0) = 3 is ______.
∂t where y = L[ y ]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6
⇒ ( s 2 y − s × 1 − ( −1)) + 2( sy − 1) + y = 0 (From (2))
∂2u ∂2u
Solution: Given PDE is = 25 (A)
∂x 2 ∂t 2 ⇒ ( s + 2 s + 1) y − s − 1 = 0
1 ∂ 2u
∂ 2u s +1 s +1
⇒ = (B) ⇒ y= 2 =
25 ∂x 2 ∂t 2 s + 2 s + 1 ( s + 1) 2
1
⇒ y=
s +1

⇒ ( s + 2 s + 1) y − s − 1 = 0
s +1 s +1 GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I | xiii-m
⇒ y= 2 =
s + 2 s + 1 ( s + 1) 2
1 of collapse in compression (IS 456 : 2000), the axial load
⇒ y=
s +1 carrying capacity of the column (in kN, up to one decimal
place), is ______.
 1 
⇒ y = L−1[ y ] = L−1   Solution:
 s + 1
⇒ y = e− x Hence, the answer is 815 to 830
1 Question Number: 51 Question Type: NAT
∴ yat x =1 = y(1) = e −1 = = 0.3679
e An RCC beam of rectangular cross section has factored
Hence, the answer is 0.3679 shear of 200 kN at its critical section. Its width b is 250 mm
and effective depth d is 350 mm. Assume design shear
Question Number: 49 Question Type: NAT strength tc of concrete as 0.62 N/mm2 and maximum allow-
Variation of water depth (y) in a gradually varied open able shear stress tc,max in concrete as 2.8 N/mm2. If two leg-
channel flow is given by the first order differential equation ged 10 mm diameter vertical stirrups of Fe250 grade steel
–10
ln ( y )
are used, then the required spacing (in cm, up to one deci-
dy 1– e 3 mal place) as per limit state method will be ______.
=
250 –45e ( )
–3ln y
dx
0.87 f y Asv d
Given initial condition: y(x = 0) = 0.8 m. The depth (in m, Solution: Spacing Sv =
vυ s
up to three decimal places) of flow at a downstream section
π
at x = 1 m from one calculation step of Single Step Euler 0.87 × 2.50 × 350 × 2 × × 10 2
Method is ______. = 4
vυ s
−10
Solution: Gradually varied flow ln( y ) = (2.286 – 0.62) × 250 × 250
3
= 145.75 kN = 145.75 × 10–3
dy 1− e π
= − 3ln( y ) 0.87 × 250 × 350 × 2 × × 10 2
dx 250 − 45e 4
∴ Sv = = 8.2 cm.
At x = 0, y = 0.8 m 145.7 × 103
dy −1.104 = 8.2 cm.
= = −0.0068
dx x= 0 162.1 Hence, the answer is 8.2
dy Question Number: 52 Question Type: NAT
Since is –ve, it is a falling profile
dx The dimensions of a symmetrical welded I-section are
dy y − 0.8 shown in the figure.
Now = = –0.00622
dx 1 140
∴ y = 0 .793 m [upto 3 decimal places] 9
y
6.1
200
y = 0.793 m
x
9
Hence, the answer is 0.793 140
Question Number: 50 Question Type: NAT (All dimensions are in mm)
An RCC short column (with lateral ties) of rectangular The plastic section modulus about the weaker axis (in cm3,
cross section of 250 mm × 300 mm is reinforced with up to one decimal place) is ______.
four numbers of 16 mm diameter longitudinal bars. The
grades of steel and concrete are Fe415 and M20, respec- Solution:
tively. Neglect eccentricity effect. Considering limit state Hence, the answer is 89.9

xiii-n | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I
Question Number: 53 Question Type: NAT ε pkl

The dlip @ C, dc =
Consider the deformable pin-jointed truss with loading, AE
geometry and section properties as shown in the figure. Take ε v = 0 RA + RB = 3 p
2P ε M A = 0, − RB × + 2 p × + p × = 0
Joint C
RB = 3 p ⎡⎣↑ ⎤⎦
P
RA = − p = p ⎡⎣↓ ⎤⎦
2 AE ε v = 0 , FBC = RB = 3p [ c ]
L
AE
ε H = 0, FAB = H B = p [ c ]
ε v = 0 , FAC sin θ = p
AE 1
FAC = =p
2
L FAC = p 2 [T ]
Given that E = 2 × 10 N/m , A = 10 mm , L = 1 m and
11 2 2
Now Analyse the trust by placing unit concentrated load in
P = 1 kN. The horizontal displacement of Joint C (in mm, HZL dirn @ C
up to one decimal place) is ______. k AB =1[ c ] = H B
Solution: 2P k BC =1[ c ] = RB
P C k AC = 2 ⎡⎣↑ ⎤⎦
l Members P [kN] K L [m] AE Kl/AE

AB –P –1 L AE PL
B HB = P
A AE
l
BC –3P –1 L AE 3PL
RA RB AE
AC P 2 2 L 2 2AE 2 2PL
Just B C
2AE
FBC
∑ Pkl = 5.414 PL
B HB = P AE AE
A
FAB
δc = =
∑ Pkl
5.414 × 1× 103 × 1× 103
= 2.70 mm
RB = 3 P
AE (10 × 10) × 2 × 105
∴ δc in hkl dirn is 2.70 mm
Take joint A
FAC sin θ C Hence, the answer is 2.70 mm
θ = 45° At a construction site, a contractor plans to make an exca-
A B
vation as shown in the figure.
Elevation (in m)
30 Proposed
P excavation Elevation: +20 m
20
1 C River
10
Clay, unit weight γ = 20 kN/m3
0
−10 Highly pervious sand
B HB = 1 The water level in the adjacent river is at an elevation of

A
+20.0 m. Unit weight of water is 10 kN/m3. The factor of
safety (up to two decimal places) against sand boiling for
RA = 1 RB = 1 the proposed excavation is ______.

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I | xiii-o
Solution: Factor of safety Question Number: 57 Question Type: NAT

Depth of pervious sand × γ sat 10 × 200 A rigid smooth retaining wall of height 7 m with vertical
= = =1 backface retains saturated clay as backfill. The saturated
Depth of water level × γ sat 20 × 10
unit weight and undrained cohesion of the backfill are
Hence, the answer is 1 17.2 kN/m3 and 20 kPa, respectively. The difference in the
active lateral forces on the wall (in kN per meter length of
wall, up to two decimal places), before and after the occur-
A conventional drained triaxial compression test was con- rence of tension cracks is ______.
ducted on a normally consolidated clay sample under an
effective confining pressure of 200 kPa. The deviator stress 1
Solution: Let Initial active pressure be Pa1 = (40 + 80.4)
at failure was found to be 400 kPa. An identical specimen 2
× 2.349
of the same clay sample is isotropically consolidated to a
confining pressure of 200 kPa and subjected to standard = 141.409
1
undrained triaxial compression test. If the deviator stress at Final active pressure after development of cracks Pa2 =
× 80.4 × 4.68 = 188.13 2
failure is 150 kPa, the pore pressure developed (in kPa, up
to one decimal place) is ______. Pa1 – Pa2 = 188.13 – 141.4 = 46.7 kN/m2.
Solution: Hence, the answer is 46.72
For 1st specimen For 2nd specimen Question Number: 58 Question Type: NAT
σ 3 = 200 kPa s3 = 200 kPa Rainfall depth over a watershed is monitored through six
sd = 400 kPa sd = 150 kPa number of well distributed rain gauges. Gauged data are
s1 = 600 kPa s1 = 350 kPa given below
s3 = 200 – U Rain gauge number 1 2 3 4 5 6
s1 = 350 – U
Rainfall depth (mm) 470 465 435 525 480 510
For undrained clay condition, for second specimen Area of Thiessen 95 100 98 80 85 92
s1 – s3 tan2 = (45° + f/2) polygon (× 104 m2)
(350 – U) = (200 – U) tan2(45 + 30/2) The Thiessen mean value (in mm, up to one decimal place)
of the rainfall is ______.
⇒ U = 125 kPa.
Solution:
Hence, the answer is 125
Rain gauge number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Question Number: 56 Question Type: NAT Rainfall depth (mm) 470 465 435 525 480 510
The void ratio of a soil is 0.55 at an effective normal stress Area of Theissen 95 100 98 80 85 92
of 140 kPa. The compression index of the soil is 0.25. In polygon (x104m2)
order to reduce the void ratio to 0.4, an increase in the mag- 6
nitude of effective normal stress (in kPa, up to one decimal ∑ Pi Ai
place) should be ______. The theissen mean value of rainfall =
i =1
6
Solution: According to consolidation theory ∑ Ai
i =1
H ∆e H C  σ + ∆σ 
∆H = 0 = 0 c log  0  ( 470 × 95) + ( 465 × 100) + ( 435 × 98) + (525 × 80)
1 + e0 1 + e0  σ0  + ( 480 × 85) + (510 × 92)
=
 0.55 − 0.4  H 0 × 0.25  140 + ∆5  (95 + 100 + 98 + 80 + 85 + 92)
H0 
1 + 0. 5  = 1 + 0.5 log  140 
    = 479.09 mm.
3  140 + ∆σ  Hence, the answer is 479.09 mm
= log  
5  100  Question Number: 59 Question Type: NAT
∆σ = 417.35 kPa The infiltration rate f in a basin under ponding condition is
Hence, the answer is 417.3 kPa given by f = 30 + 10e–2t, where, f is in mm/h and t is time in
hour. Total depth of infiltration (in mm, up to one decimal

xiii-p | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I
place) during the last 20 minutes of a storm of 30 minutes Solution:

duration is ______.
Ion Concentration in mg/l Atomic weight
Solution: The harton’s equation proposed is f = 30 + 10e–2t Ca2+
60 40
total duration is from 10 minutes to 30 minutes. i.e., 0.166
Mg 2+
30 24.31
hr to 0.5 hr.
0.5 HCO 3
–
400 61
Filtration depth, ∫ (30 + 10e −2t )dt
0.166  Eq. wt of CaCO3 
TH = Ca 2 + in mg/l ×
0.5 0.5
 Eq. wt of Ca 
= ∫ 30 dt + ∫ 10e −2t dt
 Eq. wt of CaCO3 
0.166 0.166 +  Mg 2 + in mg/l × 
0.5 0.5  Eq. wt of Mg 
= 30 ∫ dt + 10 ∫ e −2t dt
 50   50 
0.166 0.166 = 60 ×  + 30 × = 150 + 123.4 = 273.4 mg/l
0.5 0.5  20   12.15 
e −2t
= 30 ∫ t + 10 ∫ −2 TH < Alkalinity hence CH = TH = 273.4 mg/L
0.166 0.166
= 30[0.5 – 0.166] –5 [e–1 – e(–2×0.166)]
The ultimate BOD (L0) of a wastewater sample is estimated
= 11.74 mm.
as 87% of COD. The COD of this wastewater is 300 mg/L.
Hence, the answer is 11.74 mm Considering first order BOD reaction rate constant k (use
Question Number: 60 Question Type: NAT natural log) = 0.23 per day and temperature coefficient
q = 1.047, the BOD value (in mg/L, up to one decimal
In a laboratory, a flow experiment is performed over a
place) after three days of incubation at 27°C for this waste-
hydraulic structure. The measured values of discharge and
water will be ______.
velocity are 0.05 m3/s and 0.25 m/s, respectively. If the full
scale structure (30 times bigger) is subjected to a discharge Solution: Given that ultimate BOD = 0.87 × COD =
of 270 m3/s, then the time scale (model to full scale) value 0.87 × 300 = 261 mg/L
(up to two decimal places) is ______.
BOD3 = Lo (1 – e–kt)
Solution: Froude’s law expresses that
= 261 (1 – e–kt)
Froude number of model = Froude number of prototype
K27 = K20 (1.047)T–20
 V   V 
  =  = 0.23 (1.047)27–20 = 0.317/day
 Lg   Lg 
 m  p
BOD3 = 261(1 – e–0.317×3)
Lr
⇒ = Lr = 160.226 mg/L
Tr
1 Hence, the answer is 160.22 mg/L
⇒ Tr = Lr = = 0.1826
Hence, the answer is 0.18 A waste activated sludge (WAS) is to be blended with green
waste (GW). The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, per
Question Number: 61 Question Type: NAT kg of WAS and GW, on dry basis are given in the table.
A water sample analysis data is given below.
Parameter WAS GW
Ion Concentration, mg/l Atomic weight
Carbon (g) 54 360
Ca2+ 60 40
Nitrogen (g) 10 6
Mg2+ 30 24.31
HCO3 400 61 The ratio of WAS to GW required (up to two decimal
places) to achieve a blended C : N ratio of 20 : 1 on dry
The carbonate hardness (expressed as mg/L of CaCO3, up
basis is ______.
to one decimal place) for the water sample is ______.

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – I | xiii-q
Solution: IRC:37-2012, the design traffic in terms of cumulative

Parameter WAS GW
number of standard axles (in million standard axles, up to
two decimal places) is _________
Carbon (g) 54 360
Nitrogen (g) 10 60 Solution: Number of standard axis
Carbon : Nitrogen = 20 : 1  r 
n 
365 × A × 1 +  − 1 × VDF × LDF
Let x kg be WAS  100  
=
54 r
\ Carbon in x kg = × x kg
1000 100
10 365 × 3000 × (1.0615 − 1) × 4 × 0.75
Nitrogen in x kg = × x kg = = 76.45 msa
1000 0.06
Let y kg be GW
360
\ Carbon in y kg = × x kg
60 An aircraft approaches the threshold of a runway strip at
Nitrogen in y kg = × x kg
1000 a speed of 200 km/h. The pilot decelerates the aircraft at a
Total carbon is 0.054x + 0.36y = 20 (1) rate of 1.697 m/s2 and takes 18 s to exit the runway strip.
If the deceleration after exiting the runway is 1 m/s2, then
Total Nitrogen is 0.01x + 0.06y = 1 (2) the distance (in m, up to one decimal place) of the gate
\ x = 73.2 kg position from the location of exit on the runway is ______.
y = 44.566 kg Solution: Final speed after 18 sec uf = ui + at
1 = 5.56 – (1.697 × 18)
\  1.64.
2
= 25.014 m/s
Hence, the answer is 1.64 distance travelled by aircraft from the location of exit
Question Number: 64 Question Type: NAT taxiway
Given the following data: design life n = 15 years, lane V 2 = u2 + 2as
distribution factor D = 0.75, annual rate of growth of com- O = 25.042 – (2 × 1 × S)
mercial vehicles r = 6%, vehicle damage factor F = 4 and
initial traffic in the year of completion of construction S = 312.8 m.
= 3000 Commercial Vehicles Per Day (CVPD). As per Hence, the answer is 312.8 m

GATE 2018 Solved Paper
CE: Civil Engineering
Set – 2
Number of Questions: 65 Total Marks:100.0
Wrong answer for MCQ will result in negative marks, (-1/3) for 1 Mark Questions and (-2/3) for 2 Marks Questions.
General Aptitude
Q.1 to Q.5 carry 1 mark each and Q.6 to Q.10 carry (A) innovative (B) simple
2 marks each. (C) dull (D) boring
Question Number: 1 Question Type: MCQ Solution:
A three – member committee has be formed from a group Hence, the correct option is (A).
of 9 people. How many such distinct committees can be
formed?
a + a + a +…+ a b + b + b +…+ b
(A) 27 (B) 72 = a2b and = ab2, where
(C) 81 (D) 84 ntimes mtimes
a, b, n and m are natural numbers. What is the value of
9(8)(7)
Solution: number of ways = 9C3 = = 84. ⎛ m + m + m +…+ m = m ⎞ ⎛ n + n + n +…+ n ⎞
1( 2)(3) ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟?
⎝ ntimes ⎠⎝ ntimes ⎠
Hence, the correct option is (D).
(A) 2a2b2 (B) a4b4
Question Number: 2 Question Type: MCQ (C) ab(a + b) (D) a2 + b2
For non – negative integers. a, b, c what would be the value
Solution: na = a2b ⇒ n = ab (∵ a ≠ 0)
of a + b + c if log a + log b + log c = 0?
(A) 3 (B) 1 mb = ab2 ⇒ m = ab (∵ b ≠ 0)
(C) 0 (D) –1 ∴ (mn) (nm) = m2n2
Solution: B As per question = (a2b2) (a2b2) = a4b4
log a + log b + log c = 0 Hence, the correct option is (B).
⇒ log abc = 0 ⇒ abc = 1 Question Number: 6 Question Type: MCQ
As a, b, c are non-negative integers, log P log Q log R
Given that = = = 10 for x ≠ y ≠ z, what
a = b = c = 1 and a + b + c = 3. y−z z−x x− y
Hence, the correct option is (A). is the value of the product PQR?
(A) 0 (B) 1
Question Number: 3 Question Type: MCQ (C) xyz (D) 10xyz
“His face _____ with joy when the solution of the puzzle
Solution: We know that
was _____ to him”. The words that best fill the blanks in
the above sentence are log P 10y –10z
(A) shone, shown (B) shone, shone
(C) shown, shone (D) shown, shown log Q –10x +10z
Solution: log R 10x –10y

Hence, the correct option is (A).
Question Number: 4 Question Type: MCQ ∴ log PQR = 0
“Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one ⇒ PQR = 1.
would hardly characterize the work as ______. Hence, the correct option is (B).

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2 | xiii-s
Each of the letter in the figure below represents a unique A faulty wall clock is known to gain 15 minutes every 24
integer from 1 to 9. The letters are positioned in the fig- hours. It is synchronized to the correct time at 9 AM on 11th
ure such that each of (A + B + C), (C + D + E), (E + F + July. What will be the correct time to the nearest minute
G) and (G + H + K) is equal to 12. Which integer does E when the clock shows 2 PM on 15th July of the same year?
represents? (A) 12:45 PM (B) 12:58 PM
(C) 1:00 PM (D) 2:00 PM
A B C
Solution: In the four days the clock has gained 1 hour upto
D 9 AM on 15th July. So, it must be showing 10 AM at this
E F G moment. So, in the next 4 hours it must have gained ap-
H
proximately 2 minutes. So, the correct time will be nearly,
12:58 PM.
K
Hence, the correct option is (B).
(A) 1 (B) 4
(C) 6 (D) 7
The annual average rainfall in a tropical city is 1000 mm.
Solution: Since 13 is an odd number therefore we need On a particular rainy day (24 – hour period), the cumula-
either 3 odd numbers or 2 even and 1 odd number to get tive rainfall experienced by the city is shown in the graph.
13. Thus, we get Over the 24 – hours period, 50% of the rainfall falling on
a rooftop, which had an obstruction – free area of 50 m2,
9 3 1
was harvested into a tank. What is the total volume of water
8 collected in tank in liters?
4 7 2 400
Cumulative rainfall (mm) 350
6
300
5 250
200
So, E represents 4. 150
Hence, the correct option is (B). 100
50
In manufacturing industries, loss is usually taken to be pro- 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Hours
portional to the square of the deviation from a target. If the
(A) 25,000 (B) 18,750
loss is ` 49000 for a deviation of 7 units, what would be the
(C) 7,500 (D) 3,125
loss in Rupees for a deviation of 4 units from the target?
(A) 400 (B) 1200 Solution: The total rainfall during the day
(C) 1600 (D) 2800 = 300 mm = 0.3 m
Solution: A deviation of x results is a loss of kx2 The obstruction - free area of the rooftop = 50m2
A deviation of 7 results is a loss of ` 4900 (i.e., k = 100) Volume of water = 15 m2 = 15000 ℓ
∴ A deviation of 4 results is a loss of ` 1600. Only 50% of this is harvested, i.e,7500 ℓ is collected.
Hence, the correct option is (C). Hence, the correct option is (C).
Civil Engineering
Q.11 to Q.25 carry 1 mark each and Q.26 to Q.65 carry (A) x (B) x2
2 marks each. (C) x–1 (D) x–2
Question Number: 11 Question Type: MCQ Solution:
dy dy
The solution of the equation x + y = 0 passing through x + y = 0 (A)
the point (1, 1) is dx dx

xiii-t | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2
dy Question Number: 13 Question Type: MCQ

⇒x = –y A probability distribution with right skew is shown in the
dx
figure.
1 −1 1 1
⇒
y
dy =
x
dx ⇒ ∫ y dy = −∫ x dx f(x)
⇒ ln y = –ln x + ln c
⇒ ln y + ln x = ln c
⇒ ln xy = ln c
⇒ xy = c(B) x
Given that the curve passes through the point (1, 1) The correct statement for the probability distribution is
∴ From (B), (A) Mean is equal to mode
(B) Mean is greater than median but less than mode
1×1=c⇒c=1
(C) Mean is greater than median and mode
So, (2) becomes, xy = 1 (D) Mode is greater than median
1
⇒ y = = x–1 y
x
f (x) Mode
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Median
The graph of a function f(x) is shown in the figure.
3h
2h x
f (x)
Mean
h
Solution:
x
0 1 2 3 Hence, the correct option is (C).
From f(x) to be a valid probability density function, the
value of h is Question Number: 14 Question Type: MCQ
(A) 1/3 (B) 2/3 All the members of the plannar truss (see figure), have the
(C) 1 (D) 3 same properties in terms of area of cross – section (A) and
modulus of elasticity (E).
Solution: From the graph we get
P
hx; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

f ( x ) = 2h( x − 1); 1 < x ≤ 2
3h( x − 2); 2 < x ≤ 3 L

For function to be a probability density function, it must P
satisfy the condition
3 L
∫0 f ( x)dx = 1
1 2 3 For the loads shown on the truss, the statement that
⇒ ∫ 0 hxdx + ∫1 2h( x − 1)dx + ∫ 2 3h( x − 2)dx = 1 correctly represents the nature of forces in the members of
1 2 3 the truss is:
hx 2  2h( x − 1) 2  3h( x − 2) 2 
⇒=  +  +  =1 (A) There are 3 members in tension, and 2 members
2 0 2 1 2 2 in compression.
h 3 (B) There are 2 members in tension, 2 members in
⇒ +h+ h=1 compression and 1 zero – force member
2 2
⇒ 3h = 1 (C) There are 2 members in tension, 1 member in
1 compression and 2 zero – force members.
⇒h= (D) There are 2 members in tension and 3 zero – force
3
Hence, the correct option is (A). members.

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2 | xiii-u
P
B C The vertical reaction at support Q is
(A) 0.0 kN (B) 2.5 kN
(C) 7.5 kN (D) 10.0 kN
L
Solution: Consider FBD given below
A D
P 10 kN
L
P Q
Solution: 3L L
Applying Joint equilibrium at B & D, 4 4
Force in Member AB and CD is zero.

Therefore there are 2 members in tension and 3 zero – Applying moment equilibrium, about hinger
force members. 10 kN
L
Question Number: 15 Question Type: MCQ 4
RB
The setting time of cement is determined using
(A) Le Chatelier apparatus ΣM = 0
(B) Briquette testing apparatus L
(C) Vicat apparatus − RB × + 10 × 0
4
(D) Casagrande’s apparatus
⇒ RB = 0
Solution: Hence, the correct option is (A).
Question Number: 16 Question Type: MCQ A flownet below a dam consists of 24 equipotential drops
A structural member subjected to compression, has both and 7 flow channels. The difference between the upstream
translation and rotation restrained at one end, while only and downstream water levels is 6 m. The length of the
translation is restrained at the other end. As per IS 456 : flow line adjacent to the toe of the dam at exit is 1 m. The
2000, the effective length factor recommended for design is specific gravity and void ratio of the soil below the dam
(A) 0.50 (B) 0.65 are 2.70 and 0.70, respectively. The factor of safety against
(C) 0.70 (D) 0.80 piping is
(A) 1.67 (B) 2.5
Solution: Consider the figure below
(C) 3.4 (D) 4
Solution:
L Factor of safety against piping
ic
=
iexit
Left ⇒ 0.8L
critical gradient
Hence, the correct option is (D). =
exit gradient
Factor of safety against piping
A vertical load of 10 kN acts on a hinge located at a distance
ic 1
of L/4 from the foller support Q of a beam of length L (see = = =4
figure) iexit 1
4
10 kN
P Q
3L
L
4 4 The contract pressure and settlement distribution for a
footing are shown in figure.

xiii-v | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2
(A) alternate depths (B) critical depths

(C) normal depths (D) sequent depths
Solution:
As per IS10500 : 2012, for drinking water in the absence
The figure corresponds to a of alternate source of water, the permissible limits for chlo-
(A) rigid footing on granular soil ride and sulphate, in mg/L, respectively are
(B) flexible footing on granular soil (A) 250 and 200 (B) 1000 and 400
(C) flexible footing on saturated clay (C) 200 and 250 (D) 500 and 1000
(D) right footing on cohesive soil Solution: The permissible limits of chloride and sulphate
Solution: in mg/L are 1000mg/L and 400 mg/L
Hence, the correct option is (A). Hence, the correct option is (B).
Which one of the following statements is NOT correct? In the figures, Group I represents the atmospheric tempera-
(A) When the water content of soil lies between its ture profiles (P, Q, R and S) and Group II represents disper-
liquid limit and plastic limit, the soil is said to be sion of pollutants from a smoke stack (1, 2, 3 and 4). In
in plastic state. the figures of Group I, the dashed line represents the dry
(B) Boussinesq’s theory is used for the analysis of adiabatic laps rate, whereas the horizontal axis represents
stratified soil. temperature and the vertical axis represents the altitude.
(C) The inclination of stable slope in cohesive soil
Group I Group II
can be greater than its angle of internal friction.
(D) for saturated dense fine sand, after applying over-
burden correction, if the Standard Penetration
Test value exceeds 15, dilatancy correction is to P 1
be applied.
Super adiabatic Looping plume
Solution:
Question Number: 21 Question Type: MCQ Q 2
The clay mineral, whose structural units are held together Adiabic Coning plume
by potassium bond is
(A) Halloysite (B) Illite
(C) Kaolinite (D) Smectite
R 3
Solution:
Inversion Fanning plume
Dupuit’s assumptions are valid for S 4
(A) artesian aquifer (B) confined aquifer
(C) leaky aquifer (D) unconfied aquifer Inversion over Fumigation
super adiabatic
Solution:
Hence, the correct option is (D). The correct match is
(A) P – 1, Q – 2, R – 3, S – 4
Question Number: 23 Question Type: MCQ (B) P – 1, Q – 2, R – 4, S – 3
For a given discharge in an open channel, there are two (C) P – 1, Q – 4, R – 3, S – 2
depths which have the same specific energy. These two (D) P – 3, Q – 1, R – 2, S – 4
depths are known as

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2 | xiii-w
Solution: Solution: Probability

Super adiabatic – looping plume 5× 4 × 3
=
Adiabic – Coning plume 6 × 5× 4
Inversion – Fanning plume 1
= = 0.5
Inversion over super adiabatic – fumigation 2
Hence, the correct option is (A). Hence, the correct answer is 0.5.
Question Number: 26 Question Type: MCQ Question Number: 30 Question Type: NAT
Peak Hour Factor (PHF) is used to represent the proportion The quadratic equation 2x – 3x + 3 = 0 is to be solved
2
of peak sub – hourly traffic flow within the peak hour. If numerically starting with an initially guess as x0 = 2. The
15 – minute sub – hours are considered, the theoretically new estimate of x after the first iteration using Newton –
possible range of PHF will be Raphson method is _____.
(A) 0 to 1.0 (B) 0.25 to 0.75
Solution: f(x) = 2x2 – 3x + 3
(C) 0.25 to 1.0 (D) 0.5 to 1.0
⇒ f ′ (x) = 4x – 3
Solution: Peak hour factor for 15 minute sub hours gener-
Given x0 = 2
ally lies between 0.25 to 1.
f(x0) = f(2) = 5 and f ′ (x0) = f ′ (2) = 5
Peak hour factor is the hourly volume during the maximum
volume hour of the day divided by the peak 15 minute flow By Newton-Raphson method, we have
rate within peak hour. It is a measure of traffic demand f ( x0 ) 5
fluctuations with a peak hour x1 = x0 – =2–
f ( x0 )
′ 5
∴ x1 = 1
Hence, the correct answer is 1.
As per IRC : 37 – 2013, in order to control subgrade rutting
in flexible pavements, the parameter to be considered is Question Number: 31 Question Type: NAT
(A) horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of bitumi- As per IS 456:2000, the minimum percentage of tension
nous layer reinforcement (up to two decimal places) required in rein-
(B) vertical compressive strain on top of subgrade forced – concrete beams of rectangular cross – section
(C) vertical compressive stress on top of granular (considering effective depth in the calculation of area)
layer using Fe500 grade steel is _____.
(D) vertical deflection at the surface of the pavement
Solution: Minimum tensile reinforcement in beam is giv-
Solution: . en by
Hence, the correct option is (B). Ast 0.85 A 0.85
= ⇒ st =
Question Number: 28 Question Type: MCQ bd fg bd 500
The initial concavity in the load-penetration curve of a Ast 2.85
Pt = x100% = x100 ⇒ 0.17%
CBR test is NOT due to bd 500
(A) Uneven top surface Hence, the correct answer is 0.17.
(B) High impact at start of loading
(C) inclined penetration plunger Question Number: 32 Question Type: NAT
(D) soft top layer of soaked soil A reinforced – concrete slab with effective depth of 80 mm
is simply supported at two opposite ends on 230 mm thick
Solution:
masonry walls. The centre – to centre distance between the
Hence, the correct option is (B). walls is 3.3 m. As per IS 456 : 2000, the effective span of
Question Number: 29 Question Type: NAT the slab (in m, up to two decimal places) is _____.
Probability (up to one decimal place) of consecutively Solution: effective depth d = 80 mm
picking 3 red balls without replacement from a box con- Thickness of masonry walls w = 230 m.m
taining 5 red balls and 1 white ball is ______.

xiii-x | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2
centre – to centre distance between the walls L = 3.3 m Question Number: 35 Question Type: NAT
w w A culvert is designed for a flood frequency of 100 years
Clear span L0 ⇒ L – =
2 2 and a useful life of 20 years. The risk involved in the design
⇒ 3.07 M of the culvert (in percentage, up to two decimal places) is
_______.
the effection span of simply supported Beam is minimum
of Solution: Risk= q – qn = 1 – (1 – P)n
n 20
⇒ L0 + w ⇒ 3.07 + 0.23 = 3.3 m ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
= 1 − ⎜1 − ⎟ = 1 − ⎜1 − ⎟
& ⎝ T ⎠ ⎝ 100 ⎠
L0 + d ⇒ 3.07 + 0.08 ⇒ 3.55 m = 1 – (0.99)20 = 18.2%
Hence, 3.15 m Hence, the correct answer is 18.2.
Hence, the correct answer is 3.15. Question Number: 36 Question Type: MCQ
Question Number: 33 Question Type: NAT ⎛ 2 −4 ⎞
The matrix ⎜ ⎟ has
A fillet weld is simultaneously subjected to factored nor- ⎝ 4 −2 ⎠
mal and shear stresses of 120 MPa and 50 MPa respec- (A) real eigen values and eigenvectors
tively. As per IS 800 : 2007, the equivalent stress (in MPa, (B) real eigen values but complex eigenvectors
up to two decimal places) is _____. (C) complex eigenvalues but real eigenvectors
Solution: factored normal stress = 120 MPa (D) complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors
factored shear stress = 50 MPa ⎡ 2 −4 ⎤
Solution: Let A = ⎢ ⎥
equivalent stress ⇒ ⎣ 4 −2 ⎦
⇒ 350 2 + 120 2 The characteristic equation of A is A − λ I = 0
⇒147.98MPa 2−λ −4
Hence, the correct answer is 147.98. ⇒ =0
4 −2 − λ
Question Number: 34 Question Type: NAT ⇒ (2 – l)(–2 – l) + 16 = 0
The intensity of irrigation for the Kharif season is 50% ⇒ – (4 – l2) + 16 = 0
for an irrigation project with culturable command area if ⇒ l2 + 12 = 0
50,000 hectares. The duty for the Kharif season is 1000 ⇒ l = ± −12
hectares/cumec. Assuming transmission loss of 10% the ⇒ l = ±i2 3
required discharge (in cumec, up to two decimal places) at
the head of the canal is _____. ⎡x ⎤
Let X = ⎢ 1 ⎥ be an eigen vector of A corresponding to the
Solution: CCA = 50000 ha ⎣ x2 ⎦
eigen value
50
Area under Karif = × 50, 000 l = ±i2 3
100
= 25,000 ha (A – i2 3 I)X = 0
Duty for Karif = 1,000 ha/cumec 2 − i2 3 −4   x1  0 
⇒    = 
Area  4 −2 − i 2 3   x2  0 
=
discharge
⇒ (2 – i2 3 )x1 – 4x2 = 0 (1)
25, 000
Discharge at head of field = = 25 cumec 4x1 + (–2 – i2 3 )x2 = 0 (2)
1, 000
Conveyance loss = 10%, hconveyance = 90% From (1), (1 – i 3 ) x1 = 2x2
25
Discharge at head of canal =
1.01
= 27.78 cumec
⇒ x2 =
(1 − i 3 ) x
1
Hence, the answer is 27.78 cumec. 2

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2 | xiii-y
Let x1 = K, where K is arbitrary. ∴ The rank of A = 2.

(1 − i 3 )
So, x2 = K Question Number: 39 Question Type: MCQ
2
\ The eigenvector of A is X Two rigid bodies of mass 5 kg and 4 kg are at rest on a
frictionless surface until acted upon by a force of 36 N as
 1 − i 3  
=   K  shown in the figure. The contact force generated between
 2   the two bodies is.
 1 
In particular, for K = 1, an eigenvector of A is X = 1 − i 3  36 N 5 kg
4 kg
 2 
So, A has complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Hence, the correct answer is option (D). (A) 4.0N (B) 7.2N
(C) 9.0N (D) 16.0N
Question Number: 37 Question Type: MCQ Solution: Consider the FBD given below after applying
The Laplace transform F(s) of the exponential function. Newtons second law
F (t) = eat when t ≥ 0, where a is a constant and (s – a) > 0, is a
1 1
(A) (B) 36 N
s+a s−a 9 kg
1
(C) (D) ∞
a−s 36
Acceleration a = = 4 m/s 2
1 9
Solution: F(s) = L[eat] = . a = 4 m/s 2
s−a
Force
N = ma
Where m = 4kg mass of second box
The rank of the following matrix is
N = 4 × 4 = 16 N
⎡1 1 0 −2 ⎤ Hence, the correct answer is 16.
⎢2 0 2 2 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ Question Number: 40 Question Type: MCQ
⎢⎣ 4 1 3 1 ⎥⎦
Four bolts P, Q, R and S of equal diameter are used for
(A) 1 (B) 2 a bracket subjected to a load of 130 kN as shown in the
(C) 3 (D) 4 figure.
⎡1 1 0 −2 ⎤ Centre-line
Solution: Given matrix A = ⎢ 2 0 2 2 ⎥⎥

⎢ 200 mm
⎢⎣ 4 1 3 1 ⎥⎦ 130 kN
R2 → R2 – 2R1 and R3 → R3 – 4R1
240 mm
Q P
⎡1 1 0 −2 ⎤ R S
~ ⎢⎢0 −2 2 6 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣0 −3 3 9 ⎥⎦ 100 mm
3
R3 → R3 – R The force in bolt P is
2 2
(A) 32.50 kN
⎡1 1 0 −2 ⎤ (B) 69.32 kN
~ ⎢⎢0 −2 2 6 ⎥⎥ (C) 82 kN
⎢⎣0 0 0 0 ⎥⎦ (D) 119.32 Mn

xiii-z | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2
200 mm Solution:
700
130 kN (xu)lim ⇒ .d
Q⊕ r ⊕ P 1100 + 0.87 f y
P
240 mm 700
G .400 ⇒182.41mm
R⊕ ⊕S 1100 + 0.87 × 500
For section to be under reinforced
100 mm xu < (xu)lim
Where x is given by
Solution: Consider figure below 0.36 fck xub – 0.8 + fy Ast
130
Direct shear force on Bolt P, ⇒
4 0.87 f y Ast
X4 ⇒
f1 ⇒ 32.5 km 0.36 f ck b
Torsional shear force on Bolt P ⇒ f2
0.87 f y Ast
Pe × rP \ < 182.41 mm
4 0.36 f ck b
∑r
6 =1
1
2
x
0.87 × 500 × n × × 16 2
4 < 182.41
Where rp ⇒ 50 2 + 120 2 ⇒130 mm
0.36 × 25 × 300
rP = rS = rR = rQ
n < 5.62
130 × 0.2 103 We can adopt n ⇒ 5
∴ f2 ⇒ ×130 ⇒ Kn
4 x 130 2 Hence, the correct option is (C).
120
tan θ ⇒ Question Number: 42 Question Type: MCQ
50
A 3 m high vertical earth retaining wall retains a dry granu-
50
∴cos θ ⇒ lar backfill with angle of internal friction of 30° and unit
130 weight of 20 kN/m3. If the wall is prevented from yielding
Resultant force ⇒ F12 + F2 2 + 2 F1 F2 cos θ (no movement), the total horizontal thrust (in kN per unit
length) on the wall is
50 (A) 0 (B) 30
⇒ 32.52 + 50 2 + 2 × 32.5 × 50 ×
130 (C) 45 (D) 270
⇒ 69.32 kn kN Solution: Total horizontal pressure
1
Question Number: 41 Question Type: MCQ P0 = K 0γ H 2
2
A singly-reinforced rectangular concrete beam of width 1 1
300mm and effective depth 400 mm is to be designed using = × × 20 × 32
2 2
M25 grade concrete and Fe500 grade reinforcing steel. For
the beam to be under-reinforced, the maximum number of = 45 KN/m
16mm diameter reinforcing bars that can be provided is K0 = 1 - sinf = 1 – sin 30° = 0.5
(A) 3 (B) 4 Hence, the correct option is (C).
(C) 5 (D) 6
300 mm Question Number: 43 Question Type: MCQ
Three soil specimens (Soil 1, Soil 2 and Soil 3), each
150mm long and 100 mm diameter, are placed in series in
a constant head flow set-up as shown in the figure. Suitable
400 mm
screens are provided at the boundaries of the specimens to
Ast keep them intact. The value of coefficient of permeability
of Soil 1, Soil 2 and Soil 3 are 0.01, 0.003 and 0.03 cm/s.
respectively.

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2 | xiii-aa
(A) 64 m (B) 72 m
(C) 128 m (D) 144 m
560 mm
Solution: Distance covered by the car can be calculated
h using second equation of motion
1
S = ut + at2
Soil 1 Soil 2 Soil 3 100 mm 2
150 mm 150 mm 150 mm Where T = overtaking time
The value of h in the set-up is 4 × 16
4S
= == 4 sec
(A) 0 mm (B) 40 mm 4 a
(C) 255 mm (D) 560 mm 1
S = (10 × 4) + (4 × 42) = 72 m
Solution: Total discharge q = KiA 2
ΣH i 150 + 150 + 150
K = Kavg = = = 0.0064
ΣH i 150 150 150 Question Number: 46 Question Type: MCQ
+ +
Ki 0.01 0.003 0.03 A level instrument at a height of 1.320 m has been placed
at a station having a reduced Level (RL) of 112.565 m. The
Total head loss = 560 mm
instrument reads –2.835 m on a leveling staff held at the
h bottom of a bridge deck. The RL (in m) of the bottom of
K3 × × A = Kavg × iavg × A the bridge deck is
L150
(A) 116.720
h 560 (B) 116.080
0.03 × = 0.0064 ×
150 (150 + 150 + 150) (C) 114.080
(D) 111.050
h 560
0.03 × = 0.0064 × Solution:
150 450
R.L at bottom of bridge deck
h = 40 mm
= R.L of instrument + height of instrument – Reading of
Hence, the correct answer is option (B). instrument
= 112.565 + 1.320 – (–2.835)
= 116.720 m
In a 5m wide rectangular channel, the velocity u distribu-
tion in the vertical direction y is given by u =1.25y1/6. The Hence, the correct option is (A).
distance y is measured from the channel bed. If the flow Question Number: 47 Question Type: NAT
depth is 2m, the discharge per unit width of the channel is
The value (up to two decimal places) of a line integral
(A) 2.40m3/s/m (B) 2.80m3/s/m
∫F ( r ) .dr , for F ( r ) = x iˆ + y ˆj along C which is a
2 2
(C) 3.27m /s/m
3
(D) 12.02m3/s/m
C
Solution: straight line joining (0, 0) to (1, 1) is _______.

Solution: Given F ( r ) = x2 i + y2 j
Equation of the straight line joining (0, 0) and (1, 1) is y = x.
A car follows a slow moving truck (travelling at a speed of
10m/s) on a two-lane two-way highway. The car reduces its \ ∫ f ( r ) ⋅ d r = ∫ x 2 dx + y2 dy
⋅
speed to 10m/s and follows the truck maintaining a distance c c

of 16m from the truck, on finding a clear gap in the oppos- 1
ing traffic stream, the car accelerates at an average rate of = ∫ [ x 2 dx + x 2 dx ]
0
4 m/s2, overtakes the truck and returns to its original lane. 1
When it returns to its original lane, the distance between 1 2  2
x = 0 = ∫ 2 x 2 dx = x 3  = = 0.667
the car and the truck is 16m. The total distance covered by 2 3 0 3
the car during this period (from the time it leaves its lane
Hence, the correct answer is 0.667.
and subsequently returns to its lane after overtaking) is

xiii-ab | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2
Question Number: 48 Question Type: NAT M 4EΙ

∴ =
An 8m long simply-supported elastic beam of rectan- Q 4

gular cross-section (100mm × 200mm) is subjected to a
uniformly distributed load of 10kN/m over its entire span. 80 4 ×1×105
⇒
The maximum principal stress (in MPa, up to two decimal θ 5
places) at a point located at the extreme compression edge θ ⇒ 0.01 radian
of a cross-section and at 2m from the support is _______. Hence, the correct answer is 0.01.
Solution: Question Number: 50 Question Type: NAT
Hence, the correct answer is 0. A prismatic propped cantilever beam of span L and plastic
Question Number: 49 Question Type: NAT moment capacity Mp is subjected to a concentrated load at
Mp
A prismatic beam P-Q-R of flexural rigidity EI = 1 × 104 its mid-span. If the collapse load of the beam is ∝ , the
kNm2 is subjected to a moment of 180 kNm at Q as shown L
value of α is ________.
in the figure.
180 kNm Solution:
P R
Q
5m 4m
L
The rotation at Q (in rad, up to two decimal places) is Mechanism

_______. Wu
Solution: Consider FBD below

θ θ
180 kNm
M Δ
P R M
Q M
5m 4m θ θ
EI = 1 × 104 km2
4EΙ 4EΙ \ Internal work done = External work done
Stiffress of PQ ⇒ ⇒ = 0.8 E 3 = 0.8 EI
L 5 Mpq – Mpq + Mpq = Wu ⋅ D
4EΙ 4EΙ L
Stiffress of QR ⇒ ⇒ = EΙ 3Mpq = Wu q
L 4 2
Stiffress of Bean PQR ⇒ KPQ + KQR 6M p
Wu =
⇒ 0.8 EI + EI L
⇒ 1.8 EI \a=6
Distribution Factor for PQ Hence, the correct answer is 6.
K PQ 0.8 E 3 0.8 EI Question Number: 51 Question Type: NAT
⇒ ⇒ ⇒
K PQR 1.8 E Ι 1.8 EI A 6 m long simply-supported beam is prestressed as shown
⇒ 0.44 in the figure.
Moment in Bean PQ
Neutral axis
⇒ 0.44 × 180 kNm 50 mm
⇒ 80 kNm Pre-stressing cable

180 kNm (straight profile)
80 kNm
The beam carries a uniformly distributed load of 6kN/m
over its entire span. If the effective flexural rigidity EI = 2 ×
104 kNm2 and the effective prestressing force is 200 kN, the
100 kNm

GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2 | xiii-ac
net increase in length of the prestressing cable (in mm, up V1 20 m V2

to two decimal places) is _______. P Q
H1 H2
ω = 6 kNm
12
.5
12
N A
.5
R
50 mm
150 kN
6m
Applying Pythagoras theorem
Solution:
(12.5) 2 − (10 ) ⇒ 7.5 m
2
OR =
EI = 2 × 10 KNm 4 2
V1 = V2 = 75 kN
Prestressing Force, P = 200 KN
PeL ∑ MR = 0 (from left)
Rotation due to prestress =
2 EI H1 × OR = V1 × 10
−3
200 × 50 × 10 × 6 7.5 × 10
⇒ H1 = =100 kN
2 × 2 × 10 4 7.5
= 1.5 × 10-3 ∴ Tension in cable,
ω L3 T= H12 + V12
Rotation due to u.d.ℓ =
24 EI
⇒ 100 2 + 752
6 × (6 )
3
= ⇒ 125 kN
24 × 2 × 10 4 Hence, the correct answer is 125.
⇒ 2.7 × 10–3 Question Number: 53 Question Type: NAT
Net Rotation = 2.7 × 10–3 – 1.5 × 10–3 The compression curve (void ratio, e vs. effective stress,
⇒ 1.2 × 10–3 radian σv1) for a certain clayey soil is a straight line in a semi-log-
arithmic plot and it passes through the points (e = 1.2; σv1 =
Elongation of cable = 2 × 50 × 1.2 × 10–3
50 KPa) and (e = 0.6; σv1 = 800KPa). The compression
⇒ 0.120 mm index (up to two decimal places) of the soil is _______.
Hence, the correct answer is 120.
Solution: Compression index CC
A cable PQ of length 25 m is supported at two ends at the Δe 1.25 − 0.6
= =
same level as shown in the figure. The horizontal distance ⎛ σ1 ⎞ ⎛ 800 ⎞
log ⎜ ⎟ log ⎜⎝ ⎟
between the supports is 20 m. A point load of 150 KN is ⎝ σ0 ⎠ 50 ⎠
applied at point R which divides it into two equal parts.
0.6 0.6
20 m = = = 0.4982
log(16) 1.2044
Hence, the correct answer is 0.4982.
P Q
R Question Number: 54 Question Type: NAT
The total horizontal and vertical stresses at a point X in a
150 kN
saturated sandy medium are 170 kPa and 300 kPa, respec-
Neglecting the self-weight of the cable, the tension (in KN, tively. The static pore-water pressure is 30kPa. At failure,
in integer value) in the cable due to the applied load will the excess pore-water pressure is measured to be 94.50kPa,
be ______. and the shear stresses on the vertical and horizontal planes
Solution: Consider figure below passing through the point X are zero. Effective cohesion

2m Recently
filled clay
5m Dense sand
xiii-ad | GATE 2018 Solved Paper CE: Set – 2
is 0 kPa and effective angle of internal friction is 36°. The

shear strength (in kPa, up to two decimal places) at point
X is _______.
240 cm
Solution: Ans: 52.52 N/mm2
Major effective principal stress
= 300 - 30 - 94.5 Mpa
240 cm
Minor effective principal stress
The negative frictional load (in kN, up to two decimal
= 170 - 30 - 94.5 Mpa
places) acting on the pile group is ________.
σ 3 = 45.5 MPa
Solution:
Shear strength = C + σ tan ϕ Hence, the correct answer is 472.32.
C = 0, f = 36° (given) Question Number: 56 Question Type: NAT
σ = effective stress at the plan of failure normal. A three-fluid system (immiscible) is connected to a vac-
uum pump. The specific gravity values of the fluids (S1, S2)
are given in the figure.
To vacuum pump
y
A P1
S1 = 0.88
65 Fluid I
S2 = 0.95 1.5 m
σ Patm Patms
36° D
Fluid II 1.0 m
0 45.5 σ B 175.5 0.5 m
65
130 Fluid III: Water
Unit weight of water, 7w = 9.81 kN/m3
∠OBA = 90 − 36° = 54° Atmospheric Pressure, Petm = 95.43 kPa
BD = 65 cos 54° = 38.21 KPa The guage pressure value (in kN/m2, up to two decimal
σ = ( 45.5 + 65 − 38.21) = 72.3 KPa places) of P1 is ________
∴ shear strength = 72.3 tan 36° Solution: 9.81 × 0.5 × 103 = P1 + (0.88 × 103 × 9.81 × 0.5)
= 52.52 KPa + (0.95 × 103 × 9.81 × 1)
Hence, the correct answer is 52.52. P1 = –8.73 KN/m2
Question Number: 55 Question Type: NAT Hence, the correct answer is –8.73.
A group of none piles in a 3 × 3 square pattern is embedded Question Number: 57 Question Type: NAT
in a soil strata comprising dense sand underlying recently The total rainfall in a catchment of area 1000km2, during
filled clay layer, as shown in the figure. The perimeter of an a 6 h storm, is 19cm. The surface run off due to this storm
individual pile is 126 cm. The size of pile group is 240 cm computed from triangular direct runoff hydrograph is 1 ×
× 240 cm. The recently filled clay has undrained shear 108 m3. The findex for this storm (in cm/h, up to one decimal
strength of 15 kPa and unit weight of 16 kN/m3. place) is _______.
108
Solution: Surface runoff = = 0.1 m
Recently 109
2m
filled clay Total rainfall = 19 cm
19
Rainfall intensity = = 3.167 cm/h
6
5m Dense sand
P −Q
Windex =
t
M03_GATE CE 2018 Paper 2.indd 30 240 cm 6/18/2018 4:40:38 PM

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
XIII
Sadetta seuraa päiväpaiste, se on tunnettu; mutta kansa sanoo

vielä, että jokaisen onnellisen hetken elämässä kostavat katkerasti
seuraavat.
Rassmann eli joka tapauksessa mielestään onnellisen hetken, kun

hän muutamia minuutteja myöhemmin meni vielä kerran kapakkaan
torin varrella, ottaakseen iltanaukun.
Hänen ajatuksensa olivat vielä Rosan luona, tämän kavalan

käärmeen. Mutta kun hän oli tyhjentänyt toisen lasin ja tilannut
kolmannen, oli hän jo unhottanut kapakkalaulajattaren ivalliset
jäähyväiset ja mitättömän puijauksen. Agitaattori voi paremmin kuin
konsanaan.
Nyt oli ainaiseksi poissa naikkonen, jonka juorukieltä hän pelkäsi

— se oli toki jotakin! Hän oli toivonsa mukaan voittanut kaupassa
sata taalaria. Kaikki meni hänen tahtonsa mukaan.
Nyt oli saatava Samuel Hirschin kanssa jokin sovinto aikaan,

silloin olivat vanhat jälet jälleen tasotetut. Hän saattoi omistaa
itsensä kokonaan toverinsa rouvalle.
Mutta keksitty juttu valtiopäiväehdokkuudesta Dingskirchissä? No
— tottapahan löytyisi keino. Voisihan hätätilassa mainita jonkun
etevän puolueenjäsenen, jonka vaali oli sillä hetkellä huomattu
suotavammaksi.
Ensin täytyi odottaa vaalikomitean enempiä toimenpiteitä,

ennenkuin itse ryhtyi toimintaan. Siten kului pari sen päivää, ja mitä
kaikkea niiden kuluessa ehtiikään miettiä!
Rassmann, kuten muutkin hyvänpäivän ihmiset, ei ajatellut

seuraavaa päivää. Ja miksi olisikaan? Schornin kallionluja luottamus
ja hänen herkkäuskoisuutensa tuuditti hänet yhä suurempaan
varmuuteen. Nuori mestari ei seuraavana päivänä katsonut lainkaan
maksavan vaivaa kysyä, oliko hänen ystävänsä jo rahat lähettänyt.
Sehän oli niin varmaa kuin kaksi kertaa kaksi oli neljä. Olihan hän
kuullut, kun Rassmann edellisenä iltana sanoi: "Menen postiin,
Vilhelm, rahoja lähettämään."
"Hyvä, hyvä, Gustav", oli toveri vastannut. "Tee se". Silloin oli
agitaattori lisännyt, että hän kai viipyisi myöhempään, sillä hän aikoi
taas kerran käydä "klubin" jäseniä tervehtimässä, ilmottaakseen
heillekin iloisen uutisen.
Seuraavina päivinä näytti suuri toveri siltä kuin hänen päänsä olisi
täynnä yksistään vaalijuttuja. Schorn näki häntä vähän ja luuli hänen
istuvan huoneessaan kirjotellen ja tutkien puoluesuhteita.
Mutta Rassmannilla oli syynsä pysytteleidä ylhäällä. Rouva

Schorn istui etuhuoneessa käsitöineen. Rassmann oli siellä hänen
läheisyydessään ja saattoi ilmestyä, milloin hän vain äännähti.
Ja silloin kuului aina: "Gustav" — "Hanna" — "rakas ystävä" —
"rakas ystävätär". — Puristettiin toistensa käsiä, naurettiin, laskettiin
leikkiä kuten aina, ja Rassmann koetti lähentelemisessään mennä
niin pitkälle kuin mahdollista.
Kun rouva Schorn yritti närkästyä, silloin tulivat esiin painavat

sanat vapaasta rakkaudesta ja innokkaana sosialistina kumartui
Hanna kommunismin lakien edessä ja ajatteli yksikseen: "Oh, sehän
on vain pelkkää ystävän leikkiä".
Ja hän sieti agitaattorin lähentelyä, kuunteli sävyisästi tämän

kaksimielisiä viekotteluja, ja mieletön huumaus, joka häntä piti
lumoissaan, hämmensi hänen mieltään yhä enemmän.
Kun he kuulivat Schornin raskaat askeleet portaissa, silloin

kummasteli nuori vaimo, että Rassmann lakkasi
tunkeilevaisuudestaan. Hänestä olisi ollut luonnollista, jos kotiystävä
olisi jatkanut samoin hänen miehensä läsnäollessakin.
Niin pitkälle oli jo jouduttu!
Mutta Rassmann ajatteli Schornin sanoja: "Asia näyttää läheltä

katsottuna toiselta kuin jos sitä kantaa vain ajatuksissaan." — —
Kun agitaattori sitte näki ystävänsä kulmikkaan muodon pistävän

esiin häiriten heidän rauhaansa, ikuinen hyväntahtoinen hymy
huulillaan, silloin heräsivät yhtäkkiä vanhat mustat ajatukset. Hän
toivoi edessään olevan miehen olevan siellä, jossa hän olisi
ainaiseksi erotettu tästä talosta, jotta hän, Rassmann, yksin voisi
iloita sen omistamisesta.
"Omaisuus on varkautta." Tämä kommunistinen lause hänen
mielestään oikeutti hänet siten ajattelemaan.
Oli tuleva hetki, jona hänen toivomuksensa täyttyi. —
Kolmas päivä Rosan lähdön jälkeen oli tärkeä päivä, sillä silloin
lankesi Samuel Hirschille tunnustettu vekseli.
Aamulla ennen yhdeksää oli Rassmann jo kauppiaan puodissa,

toivoen sata taalaria maksettuaan saavansa antaa uuden vekselin
velan jäännöstä vastaan. Tällä kertaa naurahti herra Hirsch niin
äkkiä ja ääneen, että agitaattori hetkiseksi vaaleni.
Sitte työnsi rehellinen rahamies rahat hänelle takaisin ja sanoi:
"Älkää vaivautuko suotta. Koska olette minulle tuttu, annan teille

aikaa kello kahteen iltapäivällä. Jollette silloin ole vekseliä
lunastanut, täytyy minun, käydä herra Schornin luona. Tarvitsen
rahaa enkä tiedä kuinka liiketoverinne laita on. Hänhän tahtoi
äskettäin eräältä kilpailijaltaan lainata kuusisataa taalaria, se panee
ajattelemaan —"
Rassmann pyysi, rukoili kuten viime kerrallakin, mutta turhaan —

Samuel
Hirsch pysyi kivikovana.
Niin kuumeisen kiihottunut ei agitaattori ollut vielä kuunaan ollut

kuin rientäessään katuja pitkin. Hän vapisi jo ajatellessaankin
paljastusta Schornin edessä. Kun tämä mies vain sai tietää, että
häntä petettiin, silloin oli ystävyys ainaiseksi lopussa.
Mitä tehdä? Rahaa oli nuorella mestarilla aina kassassaan,

joskaan ei paljoa. Kenties se riitti. Oliko hänelle uudelleen
valehdeltava, sanottava, että oli juuri saapunut sähkösanoma, että
hänen oli lähdettävä jo kahden junalla Dingskirchiin
vaaliagitatsioonia järjestämään ja että hän vielä tarvitsi suuremman
summan?
Varmaan, se oli ainoa keino!
Rassmann ei ajatellut, että hän siten joutui pulmasta toiseen.

Hirschin tyydyttäminen, se yksin oli kannustin, joka häntä pakotti
nopeaan toimintaan.
Hän näytti perin hämmentyneeltä kotiin saapuessaan. Schorn ei

ollut työpajassaan. Hänen ammattinsa oli hänet vaatinut toiselle
puolelle katua pääkundinsa, huonekalukauppias Ehlertin luo
tekemään muutamia korjauksia varastohuoneessa. Rassmann ei
vitkastellut hetkeäkään, eihän hänellä ollutkaan aikaa hukata. Hänen
täytyi puhutella toveria heti paikalla. Hän meni sinne.
Ehlert ei ollut nainut ja hoiti liikettään yksin. Rassmann asioi usein

hänen luonaan ja tunsi tarkoin talon.
Agitaattori astui eteisestä konttooriin. Ketään ei ollut saapuvilla.

Tämän huoneen vieressä oli varastohuone. Lasiovi, joka sinne vei,
oli raollaan. Sen takana täytyi Schornin olla työssä. Rassmann
vilkasi ruudun lävitse; hän ei nähnyt niin ristisielua. Kun hän
umpimähkään tuli vilkaisseeksi sivuun päin, sattui hän näkemään,
että avain oli pulpetin laatikon suulla.
Hän tiesi, että Ehlertillä oli tavallisesti siellä sisällä joltisestikin

rahaa. Hänen läsnäollessaan oli kauppias sieltä kerran ottanut
setelit, joilla maksoi Schornin laskun.
Rassmannin päähän pälkähti pirullinen ajatus.
Mitähän, jos hän tosiaankin löytäisi rahaa pulpetin laatikosta?

Silloin ei hän tarvinnut uudelleen kietoutua vaaralliseen
valheverkkoon, jossa mahdollisesti taittaisi niskansa.
Huimaavalla nopeudella pälkähti tämä hänen päähänsä.
Hän silmäsi ympärilleen — hän oli ypöyksin.
Ikäänkuin paholainen seisoisi hänen takanaan, ajaen häntä

eteenpäin — niin riensi hän ikkunan luo. Silmäys pihalle riitti, että
hän tiesi sen olevan typötyhjän.
Äly oli Rassmannin jättänyt. Seuraavassa hengenvedossa oli hän

vääntänyt avainta ja avannut pulpetin. Kuin kuumeessa leimahtivat
hänen silmänsä, sillä hänen edessään oli kassalaatikko, jossa oli
nippu seteleitä ja muutamia metallirahoja. Kiihtymyksestä vavisten
tarttui hänen kätensä seteleihin.
Miltei mielettömällä kiireellä kääräsi hän setelit sanomalehden

kappaleeseen ja puristi kätensä yhteen, ikäänkuin saalis olisi
toistaiseksi niiden välissä varmimmassa tallessa. Hän laski pulpetin
kannen alas, väänsi avainta ja vetäsi sen pois.
Samassa kuuli hän ulkoa avoimesta ikkunasta Ehlertin äänen

tervehtivän jotakin. Rassmannin valtasi hirveä pelko. Yhtä pian kuin
hänen päähänsä oli pälkähtänyt varkauden ajatus, yhtä pian selvisi
hänelle sen rikollisuus ja hän pelkäsi paljastusta.
"Pois, pois!" huusi ääni hänen sisimmässään.

Hän avasi lasioven, astui varastohuoneeseen eikä nähnyt
Schornia vieläkään. Kuitenkaan ei tämän työ vielä voinut olla
lopussa, sillä hänen takkinsa, tuttu työtakkinsa riippui tuolin
selustalla.
Rassmann kuuli nyt, kuinka eteisestä konttoriin vievä ovi avattiin.

Ehlert tietenkin astui sisään. Ja yhä hirveämmäksi tuli hänen
pelkonsa.
Hiki helmeili jo hänen otsallaan. Oikealla oli muuan ikkuna auki, se
antoi pihalle; sinne täytyi hänen mennä.
Varastettu omaisuus poltti kuin tuli hänen kättänsä. Hän tahtoi

heittää nipun pois, sinne, missä seisoi, erään kaapin taa
piiloutuneena, aivan edessään tuoli, jonka selustalla Schornin takki
riippui.
Hänet valtasi silloin toinen helvetillinen ajatus, pirullisin, mikä

konsanaan on ihmisen päähän pälkähtänyt.
Jos Schornia pidettäisiin varkaana, jos vaimo ja talo jäisivät ilman

vartijaa? Jos hän —
Rassmannin käsi seteleineen ojentui vielä kerran ja kaivautui

Schornin rintataskuun.
Sitte kumartui hän ikkunankarmin ylitse ja heilahdutti itsensä ulos.

Kukaan ei häntä nähnyt. Hän uskoi ainakin niin. Ja kuitenkin oli
viereisestä pihasta hänet nähnyt joku, joka ei sillä hetkellä voinut
agitaattorin kummallista käyttäymistä ymmärtää. Tämä oli herra
Antonius Pätzoldt. —
Rassmann oli jälleen kadulla. Ensin tuntui hänestä kuin hänen
täytyisi juosta paikalta kuten tavallisen varkaan, jolla ovat takaa-
ajajat kintereillä; mutta sitten rauhottui hän jälleen.
Oliko hän sitte yleensä mikään varas? Oliko hänellä mitään

varastettua tavaraa? Ei — niiden täytyy löytyä Schornilta. Mutta
omatunto, omatunto! — "Viisi siitä!" tuumi hän sisimmässään. "Se on
tapahtunut eikä sitä voi muuttaa. On oltava levollinen, se on pääasia.
Miksi täytyikään hänellä, Schornilla, olla enempi kuin minulla? Miksi
täytyi hänen itsensä kiinnittää huomiotani siihen, ettei kellään
ihmisellä ole oikeutta ylellisyyteen, kun toiselta puuttui
välttämättöminkin? Miksi täytyi juuri hänellä olla vaimo, joka sopii
minulle paremmin kuin hänelle? Nyt on oltava levollinen —
välinpitämätön, jottei kenessäkään herää epäluuloja, ennakoita, ja
lopulta on sinun, mikä oli hänen!"
Mutta mihin oli hänen nyt mentävä? Jäisikö hän pariksi tunniksi
kokonaan pois talosta, antaakseen lähimpäin tapausten tapahtua
selkänsä takana? Ei, se ei ollut viisasta. Hänen piti mennä kotiin niin
huomaamatta kuin mahdollista ja olla olevinaan mitään aavistamatta.
Ja kuitenkin vapisi agitaattori ajatellessaan yhtä hetkeä, jona

Schornia täydyttiin epäillä varkaudesta. Kunpa se hetki olisi ollut
ohitse — olisi hän antanut kymmenen vuotta elämästään.
Ajatellessaan käveli hän verkalleen katua vasemmalle, Se päättyi

parin talon takana Schornin talosta. Siellä alkoi eräänlainen
puutarhamaa. Schornin puutarha ulottui erääseen peltoon kiinni.
Viimeksi mainitusta saattoi helposti päästä puutarhaan nousemalla
matalan aidan ylitse.
Rassmann astuskeli ympärilleen katselematta ajotien ylitse —
kädet seläntakana, aivan kuin ihminen, jolla ei ole mitään kiirettä.
Mutta hänen levollisuutensa oli hirvittävä.
Hän kulki talojen ympäri, kulki maa-alueen ylitse ja heitti siellä

avaimen pois. Sitte kulki hän pitkin lauta-aidan vartta ja oli Schornin
puutarhan vieressä. Ainoalla ponnahduksella oli hän aidan ylitse —
hän ei nähnyt ketään, ei rouva Schorniakaan, joka kai oli puodissa.
Hän kuuli kisällien viheltelyn, laulun ja työtouhun, mutta kukaan ei
pannut häntä merkille. Hän oli eteisessä. Hän kulki hiljaa portaita
ylös ja oli taas huoneessaan. Hän riisui takkinsa, saappaansa, pani
tohvelit jalkaansa, pisti piippuun ja istuutui työpöytänsä ääreen, jota
peittivät kaikenlaiset paperit, Hän alkoi selailla ja kirjottaa ja oli joka
hetki valmis näyttämään siltä kuin ei olisi tunnin aikaan ollut poissa
tältä paikalta.
Parin minuutin kuluttua astui nuori mestarinrouva koputtamatta

sisään.
Hän pelästyi.
"Luulin, ettette olisi lainkaan täällä, Gustav" — sanoi hän. "Aioin

juuri siistiä huoneessa."
Rassmann oli olevinaan mitä levollisin.
"Missäs sitte — en ole vielä ollut poissa lainkaan, Hanna", vastasi

hän; mutta hän ei hypähtänyt pystyyn, kuten ennen, osottaakseen
rouvalle rakastavaisuuttaan.
Hanna pani sen kyllä merkille, hän tahtoi tehdä jonkun

huomautuksen, mutta samalla aukeni alhaalla puodin ovi.
"Tuo ikuinen soiminen", sanoi hän miltei ynseästi. Samalla katosi
hän.
Agitaattori uskalsi minuuttien jälkeen ensi kerran oikein hengittää.

——
Herra Ehlert kaipasi kohta pulpetin avainta. Naapuriin

pistäydyttyään muisti hän unhottaneensa avaimen unhotustaan
korjaamaan suulle ja palasi kohta pikku unohdustaan korjaamaan.
Nyt löysi hän pulpetin lukittuna, mutta ei löytänyt avainta.
Hän etsi lattialta, pulpetin päältä — hän ei löytänyt.
Sellaisissa onnettomissa tapauksissa ollaan mielellään taipuvaiset

itseään pettämään ja ottamaan lukuun kaikkia mahdollisia tapauksia.
Herra Ehlert petti myös itseään, luullen, että oli sittekin ottanut
avaimen pois. Kentiesi oli hän sen jättänyt naapuriin. Hänellä oli
tapana pitää sitä usein kädessään ja oli mahdollisesti pannut sen
puhuessaan jollekin pöydälle. Hän etsi toistamiseen, mutta avainta ei
löytynyt. Hän etsi taipaleelta, kadulta, eteisestä, hän etsi vielä kerran
konttorista, hän meni varastohuoneeseen, jossa Schorn rauhallisesti
työskenteli, ja etsi myös sieltä — turhaan.
"Ajatelkaas vain, Schorn, minun avaimeni on poissa", sanoi hän.

"Ja minä tiedän varmaan, että jätin sen pulpetin suulle."
Schorn kohotti katseensa. Häntä pelästytti, kun avain oli ollut

pulpetin suulla. Hän ei ollut kuullut kenenkään tulevan sisälle, hän oli
Ehlertin poissaollessa yksin liikkeessä ja kauppias oli hänelle
sanonut lähtiessään: "Menen pariksi minuutiksi pois, herra Schorn,
olkaa hyvä ja katsokaa, jos ketä tulee —"
Tosin oli hänkin tuskin pariksi minuutiksi pistäytynyt kellariin,
etsimään puupukkia, mutta eihän tällä lyhyellä ajalla kukaan voinut
—
Hän ei pitänyt tätä edes mainitsemisen arvoisanakaan.
"Mutta eihän se voi olla mahdollista, herra Ehlert, täällä ei ollut

ketään paitsi minua. Olette kentiesi, hukannut avaimen, jättänyt sen
johonkin —"
"Ei, ei, niin se on, muistan aivan hyvin, että se jäi suulle. Olin juuri
ennen lähtöäni pannut joukon pankkiseteleitä pikku kassalaatikkoon.
Minun täytyy lähettää noutamaan lukkoseppää."
Sana "pankkiseteleitä" herätti kohta Schornin mielessä

onnettoman aavistuksen; tuossa tuokiossa valtasi hänet suuri
levottomuus. Rahat, rahat — niitä ei hän ollut ajatellutkaan. Hän
kalpeni ja sopersi:
"Oliko summa suuri?"
Nuori mestari näytti kokonaan muuttuneelta. Että hän oli yksin ollut
lähistössä, ettei hän ollut kuullut kenenkään käyvän konttoorissa,
että Ehlert väitti jättäneensä avaimen ovelle — tämä sai melkein
hänen verensä jähmettymään.
Eikä hän kuitenkaan tiennyt tehneensä mitään pahaa!
Mutta mies sellainen kuin Schorn, jonka koko elämä on ollut

tahraton, käsittää muutamassa minuutissa aseman, jossa on
kysymys hänen persoonallisesta kunniastaan.
Ehlert ei tällä hetkellä epäillyt Schornia vähintäkään.

Olisihan se ollutkin mieletöntä! Tämä rehellisyyden esikuva, jonka
vakava elämä oli tullut sananlaskuksi, olisi —
Ainoastaan muodon vuoksi kysyi kauppias:
"Ettekö tosiaankaan ole kenenkään nähnyt tulevan sisälle?"
"En, en, herra Ehlert — olin aivan yksin."
Schorn sanoi tämän suurella kiireellä. Häntä ahdisti selittämätön

tunne, joka hirvittävän vuoren raskaudella painoi hänen rintaansa.
"No, sepäs selittämätöntä — en voi tehdä kerrassaan mitään —

ennenkuin pääsen pulpettiini", sanoi Ehlert jälleen.
Hän haetti lukkosepän ja avautti pulpetin.
Ainoa silmäys riitti kauppiaalle, etteivät rahat, jotka hän muuan

tunti sitte oli sinne pannut, olleet enää siellä. Puuttui 250 markkaa
pienemmissä seteleissä. Ehlert tiesi sen tarkoin, sillä hän oli
summan merkinnyt kohta merkkaustaululle; samoin setelien
numerot. Viimeksi mainitun teki hän tavallisesti aina.
Nyt hän todellakin tuohtui. Rahat olivat varastetut, avain samoin.

Siitä ei ollut enää epäilystäkään. Mutta kuka oli varas?
Schorn väitti olleensa yksin läheisyydessä eikä nähneensä

kenenkään tulevan konttooriin. Hänen olisi silloin täytynyt kuulla
ainakin ovikellon soivan.
Ehlert päästi lukkosepän menemään ja alkoi kävellä pitkin askelin

huoneessa edestakaisin. Hän ei tiennyt mitä hänen oli sanottava
tästä arvotuksellisesta asiasta. Nyt johtui hänen mieleensä Schornin
äkillinen muutos, hänen kalpeutensa, hänen kummallinen
levottomuutensa. Hän pysähtyi kävelystään ja tuijotti eteensä.
Ajatus, joka hänessä heräsi, näytti hänestä niin pelottavalta, ettei
hän voinut pitää siitä kiinni. Ja kuitenkin tuli se takaisin.
Olisiko Schorn —
Mutta ei, ei! Ja kuitenkin, miksi oli hän ollut niin rauhaton, miksi
soperrellut! Kenties hetkellinen hairahdus, hurmahenki, joka oli hänet
häikäissyt —
Ehlertin mieleen tunkeutui paha ajatus toisensa jälkeen, ja kaikki

olivat omiaan vahvistamaan epäluuloa Schornia kohtaan. Mutta
ennenkuin Ehlert maineeltaan moitteetonta miestä syytti halvasta
teosta, tahtoi hän päästä varmuuteen. Siihen oli hän velvollinen
Schornin kunniaa ja omaansakin kohtaan.
Hänen vielä koettaessaan kaikessa tyyneydessä harkita asiaa,

astui nuori mestari sisään, takki vedettynä ylleen esiliinan päälle,
saha kainalossa, muut työkalut kädessään. Hän oli lopettanut työnsä
ja oli menossa kotiinsa.
Ehlert oli kuin ei mitään merkillistä olisi tapahtunut.
"Onko työnne jo valmis, herra Schorn?" kysyi hän viattomasti.
Nuori mestari vastasi myöntäen. Samassa hän näki avatun

pulpetin ja kauppiaan rauhallisen ilmeen ja ajatteli itsekseen: Kaikki
on oikein, hän on kadottanut avaimen eikä soisi kernaasti, että
hänen laiminlyöntiinsä palataan.
Ja heti muuttui Schornin kasvojen ilme.

Innoissaan sanoakseen jotakin alkoi hän puhua korjaustyöstä ja
kertoi siitä seikkaperäisesti.
Ehlert tuskin kuunteli. Jollei Schorn olisi ollut niin yksinkertaisen

luottava, olisi hänen täytynyt huomata siitä tavasta, jolla kauppias
heitti tuontuostakin väliin "jaa, jaa" — "hyvä, hyvä", — kuinka
kiusallinen tämä selitys tänään oli miehelle, joka istui hänen
edessään.
Schorn lähti. Kadulla vihelteli hän hiljaa yksikseen, tietämättä mitä.
Hän oli nähnyt kaiken olevan kunnossa, Ehlertin kuullut puhuvan

vanhaan liikemiehen tapaansa — hän saattoi siis olla taasen vanha
tyytyväinen, onnellinen Schorn.
Mutta Ehlert tiesi mestarin poistuttua vähemmän kuin ennen.
Niin rauhallisesti kuin Schorn juuri oli hänelle puhunut, ei voinut

esiintyä kukaan ihminen, joka puoli tuntia sitte oli samassa
huoneessa tehnyt varkauden ja mahdollisesti kantoi vielä varastettua
tavaraa taskussaan.
Ja juuri Schorn, joka ei koskaan voinut teeskennellä, vaan aina

puhui kuten ajatteli ja tunsi!
Mutta selitys täytyi hänen saada sentään. Hänen velvollisuutensa

oli ilmottaa heti poliisille.
Ehlert sulki heti liikehuoneustonsa ja läksi taipaleelle.

Poliisihuoneuston lähellä kohtasi hän Schornin kunnianarvoisan
kilpailijan, joka samoin teki työtä Ehlertille.
Tällä kelpo miehellä oli heti valmiina sangen merkillinen uutinen.

Se tosin ei häneen kuulunut, mutta mielelläänhän siitä puhui.
"Äskettäin oli Schorn luonani ja tahtoi lainata minulta kuusisataa

taalaria. Sellaista ei ole vielä tapahtunut. Asia näytti olevan hänelle
kiireinen. Valitettavasti en voinut niitä hänelle antaa. Hän meni silloin
X:n luo, alhaalla Pitkäkadulla, mutta tällä oli joutavaa ainoastaan
viisisataa taalaria, vaikkakin Schorn sanoi tarvitsevansa tärkeään
asiaan juuri kuusisataa. Tiedättekö jo siitä, herra Ehlert? Ei kuulu
tosin minulle, mutta omituinen asia on. Kaupungilla puhutaan niin
paljo. — Hänen liiketoverinsa, tuo Rassmann, josta ei tule hullua
viisaammaksi, lienee tehnyt vekselivelkoja, ja niihin sanotaan
Schornin tarvinneen rahaa. Yleensä yhteiselämä nyt tässä
perheessä — ja vaimo — kevytmielinen talous —"
Rehellinen poroporvari oli juuri päässyt puheen vauhtiin, ja kun oli

niin hyvä kävellä ja puhua Ehlertin rinnalla, ei hän pannut vakan alle
sitä kynttilää, jolla viime aikoina oli totuttu Schornin avioparin ja
"toverin" elämää valaisemaan.
"Kuten sanottu, oikea sosialidemokraattinen talous,

kommunistinen valtio pienoismuodossa, herra Ehlert." Täten päätti
rakastettava pikkuporvari, jättäen huonekalukauppiaan asiaksi
muodostaa haahmotelluista ulkopiirteistä täydellinen, valmis kuva.
Ehlert, joka oli sivistynyt mies ja liikkunut paljo suuremmissa

kaupungeissa paremmissa seurapiireissä, tunsi kyllä ne huhut, jotka
Schornin perheestä kiertelivät; mutta hän arvosteli niitä toisin kuin
tämä ammattipuhuja. Hän ei kuulunut niihin miehiin, jotka huolehtivat
enemmän muiden asioista kuin omistaan. Siitä syystä oli Schorn
hänestä yhä sama ahkera, rehellinen työmies, jolle ammattinsa oli
kaikkea muuta korkeammalla.
Mutta se, mitä hän juuri oli kuullut, pani hänet ajattelemaan.
Schornilla oli vekseli maksettavana. Hän tahtoi saada kuusisataa,
mutta sai ainoastaan viisi? Jos häneltä puuttui juuri sata taalaria
velkamiehensä tyydyttämiseksi, jos hän ei niitä mistään voinut saada
ja epätoivon ajamana —?
Ehlert ei uskaltanut ajatella ajatustaan loppuun. "Ei, ei, — silloin

olisi hän tullut minun luokseni ja sanonut vapaasti ja suoraan: herra
Ehlert, tarvitsen sata taalaria — ja minä olisin antanut ne heti
hänelle. Schornin täytyi se tietää", tuumi hän yksikseen.
Hän ei voinut selittää, miksi vanha epäluulo palasi yhä uudestaan.

Poliisikonttorissa ilmotti hän varkauden.
Muuan virkamies seurasi häntä heti paikalle. Tutkittiin, kerrottiin,

kuulusteltiin muilta talon asukkailta, olivatko he nähneet ketään,
johon epäluulot saattoivat kohdistua, ja yhä palattiin Schorniin.
Poliisivirkamies oli tämän syyttömyydestä yhtä vakuutettu kuin
Ehlert, mutta laki vaati. Täytyi kuulustella, toimeenpanna tarpeellisia
tutkimuksia, mahdollisesti pitää kotitarkastus nuoren mestarin luona.
Herra Ehlertistä, joka monet vuodet oli Schornin kanssa ollut

liikesuhteissa, oli se pöyristävää, sillä hän asettui tämän asemaan,
mutta kuitenkin, kuitenkin —!
Ikuinen epäluottamus! Eikö Schorn ollut ihminen kuten kaikki

muutkin?
Eikö hän voinut rikkoa kuten hänen rakkaat lähimmäisensäkin?
Ehlert sopi virkamiehen kanssa, että Schornia kohdeltaisiin

ystävällisesti. Mutta heidän kulkiessaan katua Schornin taloa
kohden, tuntui heistä molemmista kuin eivät olisi koskaan tehneet
vaikeampaa vierailua.
XIV
"Ehlertiltä on varastettu", juteltiin naapuristossa muutamia minuutteja

virkamiehen saapumisen jälkeen. "Epäillään Schornia", lisättiin
puoliääneen ja epävarmasti.
"Schornia?" Se oli kuulumatonta.
"Kyllä", sanoi Ehlertin talon kolmannen kerroksen asukas

kauppiaalla kadun kulmassa. "Kyllä, olen nähnyt poliisin juuri
kulkevan isäntäni kera sinne — Schornia epäillään." — "Se on
kuulemma suuri summa", lisäsi toinen, ja "kuningasmielinen"
Antonius Pätzoldtin kuningashuoneesta, joka juuri saapui, väitti, että
oli tehty oikein murtovarkaus, hänen "rakas" miehensä oli sen
sanonut, ja myöskin sen, että Schorn oli tosiaankin varas.
Samalla loisti oikea vahingonilo pitkän, muumiomaisen olennon

vetisistä silmistä.
"Mutta minä en tahdo sanoa mitään", lisäsi hän kohta. "Oh, en

minäkään —" — "En minäkään —" kuului kuorossa, mutta se ei
kuitenkaan estänyt näitä herttaisia sieluja pistämästä päitään yhteen
ja antamasta kotona palaa päivälliskeiton pohjaan.
Mitä kaikkia juttuja taasen tuotiinkaan esiin!
Rouva Schorn, jos olisit kaiken kuullut, olisi vajonnut häpeästä

maan alle!
Schorn oli kotiin saavuttuaan mennyt suoraa päätä työpajaansa.

Kello oli tuskin kaksitoista, ja hänellä oli vielä niin paljo mitattavaa,
järjestettävää ja puuhattavaa, ettei hän voinut suoda itselleen
lyhyttäkään lepoa päivällisille asti. Hän riisui takkinsa kuten
tavallisesti ja pani sen tavalliseen paikkaansa ikkunan viereen.
Sitte meni hän hetkiseksi puotiin ja kertoi vaimolleen avaimesta,

jonka "luultiin" kadonneen, ja siitä peljästyksestä, joka hänet sen
johdosta oli vallannut.
"Ajatteles vain, Hannaseni! Pulpetissa oli rahaa ja minä olin koko

ajan yksin saapusalla. Kylmät väreet karmivat luitani ja ytimiäni.
Sellainen voi saada rehellisimmänkin epäluulon alaiseksi, mutta
luojan kiitos — kaikki on tullut jälleen kuntoon."
Ja kunnon Schorn pyyhki taskuliinallaan otsaansa, ikäänkuin sillä

olisivat vielä hikipisarat.
Sitte kysyi hän Rassmannia.
"Hän on istunut parisen tuntia ylhäällä kirjottamassa", vastasi

Hanna huolettomasti; ja nuori mestari sanoi jälleen:
"Ah — tiedän, tiedän — hänellä on tärkeää työtä. Silloin en tahdo

häntä häiritä."
Näin sanoen palasi hän työpajaansa.

Rassmann ei ollut poistunut huoneestaan sen jälkeen kuin oli
sinne hiipinyt. Mitä hän tällaikaa teki, ei hän tiennyt itsekään.
Jokainoa minuutti meni hän ikkunan luo ja silmäili työpajaan,

voisiko hän jo nähdä Schornia. Ja jokainen silmänräpäys oli hänelle
pitkä kuin iankaikkisuus.
Hän oli luullut helpommaksi näytellä tätä levollisuutta kuin se

todellisuudessa oli. Joka kerta, kun hän kuuli alhaalta liikettä tai
askeleita, vävähti hän ja värisi. Pelko, sietämätön pelko lamautti
hänen jäseniään. Jos hänet kuitenkin oli nähty, jos oli huomattu
hänen hyppäävän ikkunasta, jos Schorn ei olisi ollutkaan poissa
huoneesta vaan jonkin huonekalun taakse piiloutuneena olisi
katsellut hänen kurjaa tekoaan, jos — Rassmann ei tiennyt, mitä
kaikkea hän ajatteli. Äkkiä johtui hänen mieleensä, että hän
roistomaisesti aikoessaan päästä ympäristönsä omistajaksi oli
kokonaan unhottanut Samuel Hirschin uhkauksen.
Hän tulisi kahden aikaan esittämään vekselin Schornille, itselleen.

Tuhattulimainen! Se oli tuhoova pyyhkäys laskujen ylitse! Toveri
saattaisi olla ensimäinen epäilemään kotiystäväänsä! Jos hänet olisi
vielä nähty Ehlertin talossa, silloin kohtaisivat pahan ilman linnut
toisensa, ja hänen toiveensa vaimoon ja taloon nähden olisivat
lopussa.
"Retkaleesta" olisi silloin tullut rikoksellinen.
Rassmannista oli kuin huoneen katto vierisi hänen päänsä ylitse

hänet musertaakseen; hänestä oli kuin ilma äkkiä kuumentuisi ja
vaikeuttaisi hänen hengityksensä, kuin täytyisi hänen huudahtaa
raivosta, vihasta ja pelosta. Hän toivoi olevansa sadan peninkulman
päässä, yhden ainoan minuutin vuoksi, joka toisi hänelle varmuuden.

Gate 2019 Civil Engineering Previous Years Solved Question Papers Trishna Knowledge Systems Full Chapter

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Gate 2019 Civil Engineering Previous Years Solved Question Papers Trishna Knowledge Systems Full Chapter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GATE 2019 Civil Engineering Previous

Years' Solved Question Papers Trishna

CIVIL ENGINEERING 2019

Prelims.indd 1 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

Prelims.indd 2 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

Prelims.indd 3 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

Published by Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd, CIN: U72200TN2005PTC057128.

Prelims.indd 4 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

Important Tips for GATE Preparation xiii

Solved Papers 2018 xiii-b

Detailed Analysis of GATE 2017 Papers xiv

Unit 1: Strength of Materials 1.1

Unit 2: Structural Analysis 2.1

Prelims.indd 5 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

Chapter 4: Design For Shear, Bond and Torsion 3.34

Unit 4: Steel Structures 4.1

Prelims.indd 6 9/15/2017 4:21:36 PM

Chapter 5: Fluid Dyanamics 6.18

Unit 7: Open-Channel Hydraulics 7.1

Unit 10: Environmental Engineering 10.1

Prelims.indd 7 9/15/2017 6:14:11 PM

Chapter 13: Municipal Solid Wastes 10.65

Unit 11: Transportation Engineering 11.1

Unit 12: Surveying 12.1

Prelims.indd 8 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

Prelims.indd 9 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Section 2: Structural Engineering

Prelims.indd 10 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

Section 3: Geotechnical Engineering

Section 4: Water Resources Engineering

Section 5: Environmental Engineering

Section 6: Transportation Engineering

Prelims.indd 11 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

Section 7: Geomatics Engineering

Prelims.indd 12 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

Prelims.indd 13 9/15/2017 4:21:37 PM

M01_GATE CE FM.indd 14 6/18/2018 4:39:26 PM

GATE CE Solved Paper 2018 (Set 2) Detailed Analysis

M01_GATE CE FM.indd 1 6/18/2018 4:39:26 PM

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 2 6/18/2018 4:39:48 PM

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 3 6/18/2018 4:39:49 PM

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 4 6/18/2018 4:39:52 PM

Solution: We know that f(x) = x3 Side of base plate = 222222.22

Question Number: 15 Question Type: MCQ Z

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 5 6/18/2018 4:39:54 PM

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 6 6/18/2018 4:39:54 PM

(D) cycle time is equal to the sum of red and yellow

If m is the mean strength of the specimens and σ is the

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 8 6/18/2018 4:39:57 PM

Question Number: 34 Question Type: NAT π

Question Number: 36 Question Type: MCQ

(C) p2/2 (D) p2

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 9 1  π 2 1  1  π 2 6/18/2018 4:39:58 PM

Question Number: 40 Question Type: MCQ

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 10 6/18/2018 4:39:59 PM

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 11 6/18/2018 4:40:00 PM

Solution: For close traverse ∂u

Hence departure closure is 1 m, WCB = 90°

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 12 6/18/2018 4:40:02 PM

M02_GATE CE 2018 Paper 1.indd 13 6/18/2018 4:40:04 PM

Question Number: 53 Question Type: NAT ε pkl

l Members P [kN] K L [m] AE Kl/AE

Unit 1: Strength of Materials 1.1

Unit 2: Structural Analysis 2.1

Chapter 4: Design For Shear, Bond and Torsion 3.34

Unit 4: Steel Structures 4.1

Chapter 5: Fluid Dyanamics 6.18

Unit 7: Open-Channel Hydraulics 7.1

Unit 10: Environmental Engineering 10.1

Chapter 13: Municipal Solid Wastes 10.65

Unit 11: Transportation Engineering 11.1

Unit 12: Surveying 12.1

Question Number: 15 Question Type: MCQ Z

(D) cycle time is equal to the sum of red and yellow

Question Number: 34 Question Type: NAT π

Question Number: 36 Question Type: MCQ

Question Number: 40 Question Type: MCQ

Question Number: 53 Question Type: NAT ε pkl

Solution: Factor of safety Question Number: 57 Question Type: NAT

dy Question Number: 13 Question Type: MCQ

Question Number: 48 Question Type: NAT M 4EΙ