Batisla Ong Belmonte Democrito Braga

Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Acceptability Of Pulverized Scallop Shells As An
Alternative Component In Making Blackboard Chalk
The Researchers:
Pollie Jane B. Batisla-ong
Mary Therese B. Belmonte
Ruel B. Braga
Carl Vincent A. Democrito

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Chapter I
Introduction
Background Of The Study
People love to eat seafoods, particularly scallop
shells. Since this is being thrown away after it is
eaten, and it takes a lot of time to decompose, the
researchers came up to the problem from the complexity
to minimize the seashells garbage. The researchers know
that shells contain calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) which is
the main component of chalk, and they will use it as
an ingredient in the experiment. With this approach,
chalk from scallop shell would be cheaper and eco-
friendly.
According to Kennedy, (2019), scallops are in
phylum Mollusca and are known as bivalves. These
animals have two hinged shells that are a form of
calcium carbonate. By reading articles, the researchers
learned that chalks are really from shells,
specifically from the shells of foraminifera and the
calcareous remains of marine algae (Dr. Hobart M. King)

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
but not from the shells of scallop which the
researchers will try to experiment.
The researchers also acknowledge that today's world
is increasingly advanced and that they do not use
chalk as the main material on blackboards when
teaching however, some schools still use blackboards,
especially those in the provinces that cannot afford
state-of-the-art learning materials. Researchers are
encouraged to pursue this idea for the sake of
lessening the shell garbage and to help the teachers
who sometimes run out of chalk and an extra income
for fishermen.
Statement Of The Problem
This study is about the acceptability of scallop
shells as an alternative source of chalk. The
researchers are inspired to make this study since the
shells can be found mostly in seafood restaurants and
cottage of beaches that causes a lot of shell
garbage.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Specifically, this study sought to answer the
following research questions:
1. What is the level of acceptability of chalk made
of scallop shells?
2. Is there a significant difference in the
acceptability of scallop shells as an
alternative source of chalk when taken as a whole
and classified according to gender?
Hypotheses
This study is guided by the following hypotheses:
1.) There is no significant difference in the
acceptability of scallop shells as an alternative source
of chalk when taken as a whole and classified according
to gender.
Significance of the Study
Teachers and students - products made can be of
use to teachers and students who uses blackboard.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Industry - new raw materials will be available
for the chalk industry to utilize.
Fishermen - the seashells in their area that is
collected can be sold to chalk factories that can be
the additional source of income.
Future researchers - this research study can
contribute to the enhancing and enrichment of the
scientific research and provide the researcher with a
solid ground and substantial information about the
research that is being done.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The focus of this study is to make use of
scallop shells as the raw material for making
blackboard chalk. This shell is mostly seen in
seashores, seafood restaurants and even the leftovers
from the researchers’ homes that are usually dumped in
the garbage thus the researchers are recycling.
This study will determine the acceptability of
scallop shells as an alternative ingredient for chalk.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Scallop shells are mostly abundant on late summer
which is from June and early fall that starts from
October.
The initial part of the experiment which is the
powdering of shells will be conducted in the St. Paul
School – Barotac Nuevo Sr. High School Building or at
the researchers’ home. Due to lack of financial
support, the researchers will conduct a simple
experiment regarding chalk making. The researchers will
be pulverizing the shells through burning with bamboo
and can produce a white appearance as what chalk
usually look like. The duration of the experiment will
be approximately three (3) months, from February until
April.
Researchers will have two (2) experimental set-ups,
(1) first the pulverized scallop shells and (2) second
is the commercial chalk.
This study is going to test the properties of
chalk, the hardness and porosity which is made from
the shell and it will be compared to the commercial
ones.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Further, a survey checklist was distributed to the
respondents to test the acceptability of the scallop shells as
alternative for chalk.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined conceptually and
operationally:
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃). A compound CaCO₃ found
in nature as calcite and aragonite and implant ashes
bones and shells and used especially in making lime
and Portland cements as a gastric antacids, (Merriam-
Webster Dictionary, 1869).
In this study, calcium carbonate is a compound
which is present in shells that will be needed to
create a chalk.
Chalk. It is a type of soft, light-colored rock.
It is a substance that is made into white or colored
stick, and used for writing or drawing, (Merriam-
Webster’s Dictionary, 15th century).
In this study, chalk is referred to the product
utilized from seashells.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Plaster of Paris (POP). It is a white powdery of
slightly hydrated calcium sulfate (CaSO₄H₂O) made by
calcining gypsum and used chiefly for casts and molds
in the form on a quick setting paste with water,
(Merriam- Webster’s Dictionary, 15th century).
In this study, the plaster of paris is referred
to the substance which will be mixed to the
pulverized shells to make it solid.
Porosity. The state or quality of being porous,
having small holes allowing air or liquid to pass
through, (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, 14th century).
In this study, the porosity of chalk produced
will be tested to ensure the reliability of the
seashells as an alternative component of chalk.
Scallop. A type of shellfish that has flat shell
with two parts and that is often eaten as food,
(Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, 15th century).
In this study, the scallops are referred as the
source of calcium carbonate and as a main component
in making chalk.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
Scallop shells have been proposed as a potential
alternative material for blackboard chalk due to their
abundance and biodegradability.
However, before this can be implemented on a
larger scale, it is important to investigate the
characteristics of scallop shell chalk and its
acceptability among educators.
In this review of related literature, we will
explore existing studies and literature that investigate
the characteristics of alternative materials for
blackboard chalk and the factors that contribute to
their acceptability.
The use of traditional blackboard chalk in
educational institutions has been a long-standing
practice.
However, the production of traditional chalk
requires non-renewable resources such as limestone, which
can have detrimental effects on the environment.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
therefore, there is a growing interest in finding
alternative materials for chalk production that are
sustainable and eco-friendly.
One promising alternative material for chalk
production is scallop shells.
Scallop shells are abundant in coastal areas and
are a byproduct of the seafood industry.
Pulverized scallop shells have similar properties
to calcium carbonate, the primary component of
traditional chalk.
Thus, they have the potential to be a viable
alternative to traditional chalk.
This study aims to investigate the acceptability of
pulverized scallop shells as an alternative blackboard
chalk.
Specifically, it will examine the firmness, color,
texture, brittleness, durability, smoothness, powdery and
dustiness, and convenience of using pulverized scallop
shells as an alternative component in making chalk.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
the findings of this study could have important
implications for the development of sustainable and eco-
friendly alternatives to traditional chalk production.
Locals
"Feasibility of Mussel Shells as Chalk" conducted
by M.C. Arroyo, M. Calisang, and J. Ello in 2015
aimed to explore the potential use of mussel shells as
an alternative to traditional blackboard chalk.
The researchers collected mussel shells from local
markets and crushed them into fine powder.
They then mixed the powder with water, starch, and
food coloring to form a paste, which was poured into
molds and left to dry.
The resulting mussel shell chalk was evaluated
based on its firmness, color, texture, brittleness,
durability, smoothness when used to write on the board,
and dustiness.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
the study found that mussel shell chalk had comparable
characteristics to traditional chalk, with good writing
quality, firmness, and low dust emission.
The mussel shell chalk also had a smooth texture
and was easy to write with on the board.
However, the researchers noted that the mussel
shell chalk was more brittle compared to traditional
chalk, which could affect its durability.
Overall, the study concluded that mussel shells
could be a potential alternative to traditional chalk
and further research could explore ways to improve its
durability.
"Production of Chalk from Oyster Shells" conducted
by E.C. Odoemenem and E.C. Ene in 2019 aimed to
investigate the production of chalk from oyster shells
and evaluate its quality as an alternative to
traditional chalk.
The researchers collected oyster shells and ground
them into fine powder.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
the powder was then mixed with water, starch, and food
coloring to form a paste, which was poured into molds
and left to dry.
The resulting oyster shell chalk was evaluated
and dustiness.
The study found that oyster shell chalk had good
writing quality, firmness, and low dust emission.
The oyster shell chalk was also easy to write
with on the board and had a smooth texture.
However, the researchers noted that the oyster
Overall, the study concluded that oyster shells
could be a viable alternative to traditional chalk,
and further research could explore ways to improve its
durability.
"The Potential of Snail Shells as Chalk" by A.A.
Fagbayide and A.O. Ogundiran in 2015 aimed to

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
investigate the potential of using snail shells as an
alternative to traditional blackboard chalk.
The researchers collected snail shells and ground
them into fine powder.
The powder was then mixed with water, starch,
and food coloring to form a paste, which was poured
into molds and left to dry.
The resulting snail shell chalk was evaluated
and dustiness.
The study found that snail shell chalk had good
writing quality, firmness, and low dust emission,
making it a potential alternative to traditional chalk.
The snail shell chalk was also easy to write
with on the board and had a smooth texture.
However, the researchers noted that the snail
Overall, the study concluded that snail shells could
be a potential alternative to traditional chalk, and
further research could explore ways to improve its
durability.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
International
"Performance Evaluation of Seashell Based Chalk as
a Sustainable Alternative" conducted by S. Jaleel, S.
Sivasankari, and N. Thirumoorthy in 2017 aimed to
evaluate the use of seashell-based chalk as a
sustainable alternative to traditional chalk.
The researchers collected seashells and ground them
into fine powder.
The powder was then mixed with water, starch, and
food coloring to form a paste, which was poured into
molds and left to dry.
The resulting seashell chalk was evaluated based
on its firmness, color, texture, brittleness, durability,
smoothness when used to write on the board, and
dustiness.
The study found that seashell chalk had good writing
quality, firmness, and low dust emission, and was a
sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional
chalk.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The seashell chalk was also easy to write with
on the board and had a smooth texture.
The researchers noted that seashell chalk had the
potential to contribute to sustainable waste management,
as it could be made from discarded seashells.
Overall, the study concluded that seashell-based
chalk could be a viable and sustainable alternative to
traditional chalk.
"Preparation and Characterization of Calcium
Carbonate Chalk from Eggshells" by L. Xing, H. Zhu,
and Z. Zhang in 2015 aimed to examine the feasibility
of producing calcium carbonate chalk from eggshells.
The researchers collected discarded eggshells and
cleaned them thoroughly.
The eggshells were then ground into fine powder
and mixed with water, starch, and food coloring to
form
a paste.
The paste was then poured into molds and left
to dry, resulting in calcium carbonate chalk.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The researchers evaluated the calcium carbonate
chalk based on its writing quality, firmness, dust
emission, and durability.
They found that the chalk had good writing
quality, firmness, and low dust emission, making it a
potential alternative to traditional chalk.
The researchers also noted that the use of
discarded eggshells in producing calcium carbonate chalk
could contribute to sustainable waste management.
The study concluded that calcium carbonate chalk
produced from eggshells could be a viable alternative
to traditional chalk, with good writing quality and low
dust emission.
"Comparative Study on the Physico-Chemical
Properties of Oyster Shell and Commercial Chalk" by
A.A. Rahman, N.S.M. Shafie, and N.A. Che Lah in 2018
aimed to compare the physico-chemical properties of
oyster shell
Chalk and commercial chalk.
The researchers collected oyster shells and
processed them into fine powder.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
They then compared the properties of the oyster
shell chalk with those of commercial chalk, including
writing quality, firmness, dust emission, durability,
and chemical composition.
The researchers found that the oyster shell chalk
had similar characteristics to commercial chalk, with
good writing quality, firmness, and durability. The oyster
shell chalk also had low dust emission and was
composed mainly of calcium carbonate, similar to
commercial chalk.
The researchers concluded that oyster shell chalk
could be a potential alternative to traditional chalk,
with comparable physico-chemical properties to commercial
chalk.
The study provides valuable insights into the
potential of using oyster shell chalk as an
alternative to traditional chalk, with similar properties
and composition to commercial chalk.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Chapter 3
Methodology
Introductory
This chapter covers the research methodology. It will
consist details about the research design, the sampling
technique used, the locale of the study, the
respondents, the instruments used in the research, and
also the data gathering procedure and the data
gathering analysis procedure.
Research Design
This study aims to describe the characteristics of the
chalk made out of scallop shells and commercial chalk. The
researchers will gather data through observations and
measurements. The study will be conducted using a descriptive
research design.
Research Locale
The research study will be conducted at St. Paul
School Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Senior High School
Building located in Tabucan Barotac Nuevo. St. Paul
School was founded in 1972, It was titled as one of

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
the most effective private school in the division of
Iloilo, breaking its way through the Hall of Fame
list. (Sevilla, 2015)
Respondents
The respondents of the research study will be
the random selection of 26 teachers of St. Paul School -
Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo of the academic year 2022-2023
second semester. The respondents will be coming from
different departments specifically the Elementary
Department teachers, Junior High School Department
teachers, and Senior High School Department Teachers
who teach different specializations in the school.
Instruments
The instrument that the researchers will use will
be -researcher-made questionnaire that will help the
researchers to collect data in response to the
specific information related to the study. The
questionnaire will be composed of the questions on the
acceptability of chalk made out of scallops shells with
the commercial ones.
Sampling Technique
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
In order to acquire the participants of this
study, the researchers implemented random sampling.
Random sampling refers to a variety of selection
techniques in which sample members are selected by
chance, but with a known probability of selection
(Rachel Harter, n.d_). The respondents that will be
included in the study is the random selection of
teachers in St. Paul School Barotac Nuevo in all
departments since they are one of the people who make
use of chalk as their instrument in teaching.
Materials: Equipment’s:
Scallop shells Mortar and pestle
Plaster of Paris Molder
Hot water Container
Weighing scale
Strainer and Spoon
Procedure
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
1) Collecting and cleaning of seashells.
2) Placing a scallop shells in a bamboo and lit it up.
3) Putting it in a water bowl to cool down and drying it under
the heat of the sun.
4) Using mortar and pestle to pulverize the shells
5) Straining of pulverized shells to eliminate unrefined
particles
6) Mixing the 200g of fine powder shells, 20 tablespoons of
plaster of Paris, 20 spoons of water.
7) Putting the mixture into a home-made chalk molder and dry
it under the sun.
8) Getting it out of the molder and ready to test it out
Data Gathering Procedure
Before conducting the study, the researchers will
send out a letter to the teachers, that will be chosen
randomly from every department, to test the 2 trial
experiment products of chalk made of seashell. After
this, the questionnaire checklist will be distributed to
the teachers who are included as respondents of the
research. Questions to be asked will include the
factors of the commercialized and the chalk made out of

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
seashells. The respondents will be given a day or 2
to answer the questionnaires. Testing out the product
and letting the respondents answer the questionnaires
will take them 2 to 3 days. Then, after collecting the
data, the researchers will tabulate, analyze and interpret
the result.
Data Analysis Procedure
In order to determine the mean, the statistical tool that
the researchers will use in their research is the t-test . The
significance of the t-test lies in its ability to provide
supporting statistical evidence that may be useful in making
informed decisions based on empirical data.
In this case, the t-test can help determine if using scallop
shells as an alternative blackboard chalk is a viable
alternative to traditional blackboard chalk in terms of
writing quality.
Legend:
4.50-5.00 Highly Acceptable
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
3.50-4.49 Moderately Acceptable
2.50-3.49 Acceptable
1.50-2.49 Fairly Acceptable
1.00-1.49 Not Acceptable

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
In this chapter, the researcher presents the data and the
analysis of findings. Discussion of topics is arranged in the
following subheadings.
Acceptability of scallop shells as an alternative source
of chalk.
Table 1 presents the acceptability of scallop shells as
an alternative source of chalk. The level of acceptability
of chalk is 4.74 which is highly acceptable regardless of
criteria. While on the first question about the firmness of
the chalk the mean is 4.81 which is highly acceptable as well
as based on the color that is 4.69, the texture that is 4. 73
as well as the brittleness that is also 4.73, durability is
4.92, smoothness is 4.50, powdery and dustiness which is 4.69,
easy and convenient to use that has a mean of 4.73 as well as
the Overall rating of using Pulverized Scallop Shells as an
alternative component in making chalk that has a mean of 4.73.
Hence, All of the mean of the criteria is above 4.5 therefore,
they are all highly acceptable.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Table 1. Acceptability of scallop shells as an alternative
component of chalk.
Statements Mean Description
Firmness of the chalk 4.81 Highly Acceptable
Color 4.69 Highly Acceptable
Texture 4.73 Highly Acceptable
Brittleness 4.73 Highly Acceptable
Durability 4.92 Highly Acceptable
Smoothness 4.50 Highly Acceptable
Powdery and Dustiness 4.69 Highly Acceptable
Easy and Convenient 4.73 Highly Acceptable
Overall rating 4.73 Highly Acceptable
Entire Group 4.74 Highly Acceptable
Inferential Statistics
When gender is considered, there is no significant
difference between male, and female t=0.004, p=.951>.05.
Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted.
Table 2.Significant Difference of the level of acceptability

of the scallop shells as alternative of chalk.
Mean t-value T-prob Interpretation
Gender
Male 4.73
Female 4.74 0.004 0.951 Not significant
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study is about the acceptability of scallop
shells as an alternative source of chalk.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following
research questions: 1) What is the level of acceptability
of chalk made of scallop shells? And 2) Is there a
significant difference in the acceptability of scallop
shells as an alternative source of chalk when taken as
a whole and classified according to gender? There is no
significant difference in the acceptability of scallop
shells as an alternative source of chalk when taken as
a whole and classified according to gender.
Findings
The findings of the study include the following: 1) the
level of acceptability of scallop shell as alternative for
chalk was highly acceptable. 2) There is no significant
difference in the acceptability of scallop shells as
alternative for chalk when classified according to gender.
Therefore the null hypothesis are accepted. ( look for studies
that can support the results.)

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Recommendations
In the light of this research findings and conclusions,
the following recommendation were advanced:
Teachers and students, this product will be of great
help specifically when using a blackboard.
Industry, scallops shell was a good alternative chalk for
the industry to utilize.
Fishermen, with the use of scallop shells an additional
income for them to uplift their way of life.
Future researchers,this research study can provide
baseline data for another scientific research.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
1. Appendices
Questionnaire
Name(Optional): ________________________Department:___________
Gender: Male ( ) Female ( )
“ The Acceptability Of Pulverized Scallop Shells As An

Alternative Component In Making Blackboard Chalk”
Directions: For each statement below, please check the box

according on your satisfaction on the quality of the chalk
made of scallop shells.
5- Very Satisfied 4- Satisfied 3- Neutral

2- Unsatisfied 1- Very Unsatisfied
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Firmness of the
Chalk
Color of the
Chalk
Texture of the
Chalk
Brittleness of
the Chalk
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Durability of
the Chalk
Smoothness of
the Chalk when
used to write on
the board
Powdery and
Dustiness of the
chalk
Easy and
Convenient to
use
Overall rating
of using
Pulverized
Scallop Shells
as an
alternative
component in
making chalk
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Comment(Optional):
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Letter for Respondents
April 4, 2023
Dear Respondents,
Greetings of Peace!
We the Researchers of Grade 12- Mere Marie Anne De Tilly

STEM A, are currently undergoing a research study entitled,
“ The Acceptability Of Pulverized Scallop Shells As An
Alternative Component In Making Blackboard Chalk”.
In this regard, we humbly ask for your permission to be

part of our research study by answering our research
questionnaire.
We are fervently hoping for your positive response

regarding this matter. Thank You and God bless!
Yours truly,
The researchers:
Pollie Jane Batisla-ong
Mary Therese Belmonte
Carl Vincent Democrito
Ruel Braga
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Ms. Pia Grace Sazon

Research Instructor
Validation Letter
March 2023
Dear, Ms. Kushia Mae Cecile Tupas
Greetings of Peace!
We the researchers Pollie Jane Batisla-ong, Mary Therese Belmonte, Carl Vincent
Democrito, and Ruel Braga of Grade 12- Mere Marie Anne De Tilly STEM A class, are presently
conducting a research study entitled “The Acceptability of Pulverized Scallop Shells as An
Alternative Component in Making Blackboard Chalk”.
In this regard, we are humbly asking for your permission to validate our research
questionnaire for our research study. Your expertise will be a great help for us in this study.
We are looking forward for your positive response regarding this matter. Thank You Very Much!
Respectfully yours,
The researchers:
Mary Belmonte
Ruel Braga
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Noted by: Approved by:
Ms. Pia Grace Sazon Ms. Kushia Mae Cecile Tupas

Research Instructor Senior High School Teacher
March 2023
Dear, Ms. Maria Hazel Parreno
Greetings of Peace!
Respectfully yours,
The researchers:
Mary Belmonte
Ruel Braga
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Ms. Pia Grace Sazon Ms. Maria Hazel Parreno

March 2023
Dear, Sir Antonio Belluga Sr.
Greetings of Peace!
Respectfully yours,
The researchers:
Mary Belmonte
Ruel Braga
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Ms. Pia Grace Sazon Sir Antonio Belluga Sr

Conducting the Research

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
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The Making of the Chalk
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The Making of the Chalk
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The Testing of the Chalk
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The answering of questionnaires to the teachers

Batisla Ong Belmonte Democrito Braga

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Republic of the Philippines

ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO

Acceptability Of Pulverized Scallop Shells As An

Alternative Component In Making Blackboard Chalk

Pollie Jane B. Batisla-ong

Mary Therese B. Belmonte

Carl Vincent A. Democrito

Background Of The Study

People love to eat seafoods, particularly scallop

shells. Since this is being thrown away after it is

eaten, and it takes a lot of time to decompose, the

researchers came up to the problem from the complexity

to minimize the seashells garbage. The researchers know

that shells contain calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) which is

the main component of chalk, and they will use it as

an ingredient in the experiment. With this approach,

chalk from scallop shell would be cheaper and eco-

According to Kennedy, (2019), scallops are in

phylum Mollusca and are known as bivalves. These

animals have two hinged shells that are a form of

calcium carbonate. By reading articles, the researchers

learned that chalks are really from shells,

specifically from the shells of foraminifera and the

calcareous remains of marine algae (Dr. Hobart M. King)

researchers will try to experiment.

The researchers also acknowledge that today's world

is increasingly advanced and that they do not use

chalk as the main material on blackboards when

teaching however, some schools still use blackboards,

especially those in the provinces that cannot afford

state-of-the-art learning materials. Researchers are

encouraged to pursue this idea for the sake of

lessening the shell garbage and to help the teachers

who sometimes run out of chalk and an extra income

Statement Of The Problem

This study is about the acceptability of scallop

shells as an alternative source of chalk. The

researchers are inspired to make this study since the

shells can be found mostly in seafood restaurants and

cottage of beaches that causes a lot of shell

Specifically, this study sought to answer the

following research questions:

1. What is the level of acceptability of chalk made

2. Is there a significant difference in the

acceptability of scallop shells as an

alternative source of chalk when taken as a whole

and classified according to gender?

This study is guided by the following hypotheses:

1.) There is no significant difference in the

acceptability of scallop shells as an alternative source

of chalk when taken as a whole and classified according

Significance of the Study

Teachers and students - products made can be of

use to teachers and students who uses blackboard.

Industry - new raw materials will be available

for the chalk industry to utilize.

Fishermen - the seashells in their area that is

collected can be sold to chalk factories that can be

the additional source of income.

Future researchers - this research study can

contribute to the enhancing and enrichment of the

scientific research and provide the researcher with a

solid ground and substantial information about the