1.

Predicting the Products of Synthesis Reaction

The following general rules can be used in predicting the products of synthesis reaction.
a. Reaction between a metal and nonmetal will form a binary compound.
Ca (s) + Cl2 (g) → CaCl2 (s)

2Al (s) + 3Br2 (l) → 2AlBr3 (s)

b. Metals react with oxygen gas to form metal oxides.
2Ca (s) + O2 (g) → 2CaO (s)

Mg (s) + O2 (g) → MgO (s)

c. Nonmetals react with oxygen gas to form nonmetal oxides.
C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)

S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g)

d. Metal oxides with water will produce metal hydroxides.
CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s)

K2O (s) + H2O (l) → 2KOH (aq)

e. Nonmetal oxides with water will produce oxyacids.
CO2 (g) + H2O (l) → H2CO3 (aq)

SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4 (aq)

2. Predicting the Products of Decomposition Reaction

a. Binary compounds separate into elements.
2NaCl → 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g)

CaS (s) → Ca (s) + S (s)

b. Hydroxides decompose to form metal oxides and water.
2KOH (s) → K2O (s) + H2O (g)

Ba(OH)2 (aq) → BaO (s) + H2O (l)

c. Oxyacids decompose to form nonmetal oxides and water.
H2CO3 (aq) → CO2 (g) + H2O (g)

HNO2 (aq) → N2O3 (g) + H2O (l)

 d. Metal carbonates decompose to form metal oxides and carbon dioxide gas.
Li2CO3 (s) → Li2O (s) + CO2 (g)

CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

e. Metal chlorates decompose to form metal chlorides and oxygen gas.
2KClO3 (s) → 2KCl (s) + 3O2 (g)

Mg(ClO3)2 (s) → MgCl2 (s) + 3O2 (g)

3. Single Replacement (or Substitution) Reactions

a. Mg (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → MgSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s)

b. Mg (s) + NaCl (aq) → no reaction

Cu (s) + AlCl3 (s) → no reaction

c. 2NaBr (aq) + Cl2 (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + Br2 (g)

2KI (s) + Br2 (l)→ 2KBr (aq) + I2 (s)

d. NaCl (aq) + Br2 (g) → no reaction.

HNO3 (l) + Au (s)→ no reaction

4. Double Replacement (or Metathesis) Reactions

a. AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl (s)

Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) → 2KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s)