Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter particularly presented the data gathered, the results of the statistical analysis, and
the discussion of the findings and further interpretation of the findings. There were presented
through tables following the sequence of the specific research problems.

Gender profile of the respondents living near the Cabahug Sanitary Landfill

The profile of the respondents living near the Cabahug Sanitary Landfill includes the distribution
by gender of the respondents of the study. Conducted last March 20, 2024, at Barangay Cabahug,
Cadiz City, Negros Occidental. Through a constructed survey type questionnaire administered by
the researchers through a face-to-face survey. Table 1 below shows the distribution of the
respondents by gender.

Table 1. Frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents by gender

Gender Frequency Percentage
(n=25)
Male 13 52
Female 12 48
Total 25 100

Table 1 shows that there was a total of twenty-five (25) respondents for this study. The
respondents were the residents living near the sanitary landfill in Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City.
There were thirteen males who comprised the fifty-two percent (52%) of the respondents. While
on the contrary, there were only twelve (12) or forty-eight percent of female respondents. The
respondents were chosen through a convenient sampling technique. Wherein, only the
participants who agreed to the voluntary nature of the survey was interviewed for their
responses. The data gathering was conducted on a Purok within Barangay Cabahug which was
situated less than 300 meters away from the sanitary landfill. The survey type questionnaire was
administered through face-to-face conduct and was delivered orally by the researchers to the
respondents. A random selection was also practiced during the selecting of participants, only
those who the researchers came across the road, bystanders around the area and the ones who
were available in their homes were selected to participate. According to a study conducted by
Leone, et al., 2021, he concluded that male, in relation to their gender, tend to be very frequently
staying outside as bystanders as staying indoors. Hence, male respondents were prevalent than
the female ones.

Struggles encountered living near a sanitary landfill

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

Living near a sanitary landfill both imposed health and physical hazards to the residents located
near the site. On the study conducted by Su, 2005, the results showed that water contamination
due to the presence of a sanitary landfill around the area had caused intestinal and digestive
illness such as diarrhea, indigestion and etc. Nevertheless, residing near a sanitary landfill could
cause struggles, both direct and indirectly. Table 2 shows the struggles of the residents living
near the Cabahug Sanitary Landfill.

Table 2. Frequency and percentage of the common struggles encountered by the residents living
near a sanitary landfill (Multiple respond)
Struggles Frequency Percentage
(n=25)
Pungent Odors 18 72
Ground water contamination 8 32
Air pollution 23 92
Health issues 7 28
Pests and vermin infestation 12 48
Visual blight 5 20
Property devaluation 2 8

Table 2 shows the common struggles that the residents near the Cabahug sanitary landfill
experienced. Among which, air pollution came out as the top problem that the respondents
encountered. The result was similar to a study conducted by Njoku, et al., where in the common
environmental risks encountered by the people living near a sanitary landfill was Air pollution
and heavy metal contamination. Air pollution around the area was caused by the continuous
bulking of waste disposal that has been rotting. The pungent odor could contaminate the air
around the area by congesting the relative moisture with its un-pure scent. Resulting to a dirty
and low-quality air that could harm and cause breathing problems and illnesses (Gallarpe &
Parilla, 2014). Aside from Air pollution, pungent odors brought by the decomposing garbage
also imposed struggles on the residents. Followed by the pests and vermin infestation. The scent
and the environment that the decomposing waste created attracted these pests and vermin
(Gallarpe & Parilla, 2014). These particularly imposed health hazard by infecting the nearby
residents with communicable diseases that were fatal. Other risks included: health risks, ground
water contamination, visual blight and property devaluation.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

Table 3. Frequency and Percentage of common effects of dumpsite to the residents of

Barangay Cabahug (Multiple Respond)
Effects Frequency Percentage
(n=25)
Water Contamination 15 60

Respiratory Problems 14 56

Life Degradation 8 32

Psychological Stress 10 40

Social Stigma 6 24

Table 3 shows that majority of the respondents considered that Water Contamination as the top
struggles that they encounter living near a Dumpsite. In the study conducted by Nguyen, et al.,
Where study and was limited to waterborne diarrhea. Other health impacts induced by dumpsites
such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, poisoning and cancer were not covered in this
study due to inadequate secondary technical information. Health histories and data used were site
– specific cases obtained through interviews with the community and from records of the health
centers. The health symptoms (specifically diarrhea) are generally more present in the infant and
children populations; however this study categorizes the age factor based on the distribution of
the date in particular the mean age of the householders. Respiratory problems include asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, and lung
cancer. Occupational asthma is the principal respiratory health problem within the primary
aluminum industry. Current evidence indicates that it is irritant induced and due to occupational
exposure to the inhalation of gaseous or particulate fluoride compounds. Asthma is more
common and often harder to treat in the obese population, and in this study, we review the
effects of obesity on airway inflammation and respiratory mechanics. We also discuss the
compounding effects of obesity on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the
paradoxical interaction of body mass index and COPD severity.

Table 4. Frequency and Percentage of the coping mechanism of residence living near
dumpsite in Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City.
Frequency Percentage

CHAPTER V
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

SUMMARIZE AND CONCLUSION

Living near dumpsites can have significant effects on residents' health, environment, and overall
quality of life. Here's a summary of the challenges they face and some coping mechanisms:

Health Effects: Proximity to dumpsites exposes residents to harmful pollutants like methane,
ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. These can lead to respiratory problems, skin
irritations, and other health issues.
Environmental Impact: Dumpsites contribute to soil and water contamination, air pollution, and
habitat destruction. This can harm local ecosystems and wildlife, affecting residents' overall
well-being.
Social and Economic Challenge: Living near dumpsites can stigmatize communities and reduce
property values. It may also limit economic opportunities as businesses may be reluctant to
invest in areas close to dumpsites.

Coping Mechanisms:
- Community Activism: Residents often band together to advocate for better waste
management practices and the relocation or closure of dumpsites.
- Health Awareness: Educating residents about the health risks associated with living near
dumpsites can empower them to take precautions and seek medical help when needed.
- Alternative Livelihoods: Some communities develop alternative income sources such as eco-
tourism or sustainable agriculture to mitigate the economic impact of living near dumpsites.
- Government Intervention: Local governments can implement policies to regulate waste
disposal and provide support to affected communities, such as healthcare services and relocation
assistance.

Recommendations:
- Waste Management Improvement: Implementing proper waste management strategies,
including recycling and composting, can reduce the volume of waste sent to dumpsites.
- Site Remediation: Remediation efforts should be undertaken to clean up existing dumpsites
and restore the surrounding environment.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

- Community Engagement: Involve residents in decision-making processes regarding waste

management and ensure their concerns are addressed.
- Research and Monitoring: Conduct studies to assess the health and environmental impacts of
dumpsites on nearby communities and monitor changes over time to inform policy decisions.

By addressing these challenges and implementing appropriate coping mechanisms and

recommendations, communities living near dumpsites can improve their resilience and quality of
life.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This study presented the different literatures and studies related to the research paper
studied.

Impact on drinking water sources in close proximity to the Payatas Dumpsite, Philippines

The Republic Act (RA) 9003-Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 in the
Philippines mandates waste management, but local government units lack institutional
arrangements. This has led to the use of unregulated dumpsites and landfills, resulting in a lack
of comprehensive monitoring schemes. Studies have shown the potential environment risks from
hazardous chemical leaching from dumped wastes, as well as the health risks to communities
exposed to these sites. The study also examined the impact of the Payatas Dumpsite on drinking
water quality in communities with and without the dumpsite. The study found no significant
differences in drinking water quality parameters, except for sulfate. However, the study
confirmed a significant impact on the prevalence of diarrhea by the parameters sulfate and total
candmium, and the occurrence of diarrhea cases in the communities.

Heavy metal concentration of dumpsite soil and accumulation in Zea mays (corn) growing
in a closed dumpsite in Manila, Philippines

A study in the Philippines assessed the impact of water quality on communities near the
Payatas Dumpsite and the pollution it causes, particularly diarrhea. The study used a cross-
sectional design and monitored water quality parameters in 14 drinking water sources for six
months. Result showed no significant differences in drinking water quality parameters, except
for sulfate. The Philippine water quality standards were not exceeded for most parameters,
except for total coliform. However, the study found a significant impact on the prevalence of
diarrhea by the parameters sulfate and total cadmium. The heavy metal concentrations in
dumpsite soil and plant parts were found to be higher than normal farmland, with trace metals
found in the roots of all studied plants. The findings suggest further study and proper legislation
on dumpsite soil use.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

The assessment of the Geno-toxicity of e-waste leachates from e-waste dumpsites in Metro
Manila, Philippines
The growing use of electronic gadgets and improper disposal have led to a significant
issue in electronic waste management in the Philippines. Genotoxicity of e-waste from three
landfills sites in Metro Manila was investigated using the Allium cepa bioassay. Results showed
morphological changes, inhibition of root growth, and high frequency of chromosomal
aberrations in e-waste leachates. Heavy metal were detected in soil samples and hair of informal
recyclers. Proper e-waste management is crucial to minimize risks to the Filipino population and
environment.

Health and Environmental Risk of Residents Living Close to a Landfill: A Case Study of
Thohoyandou Landfill, Limpopo Province, South Africa

The study found that landfill by-products negatively impact the environmental and residents
living close to them. 78% of those living closer to landfills reported serious air pollution,
illnesses like flu, eye irritation, and body weakness. Over half of those living closer to the
landfill expressed fear of future health issues. This suggest the need for a landfill gas system,
proper waste coverage, and odor diluting agents to address these issues and improve life
satisfaction.

Waste Away: Working and Living with a North American Landfill

Waste Away by Joshua O. Reno explores the impact of North American’s sanitary
landfill disposal on their environment. The book, based on fieldwork, argues that waste
management helps preserve possessions and dwellings by removing transient materials.
Ethnography shows waste workers concealing waste while navigating their occupation and
middle class aspirations. The book also highlights local activists opposing the transnational
waste trade with Canada, highlighting how landfills remake us, often behind our backs.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Disposal at Mangwaneni Dumpsite in

Manzini: Swaziland

The study aimed to assess the effects of a golf course dumpsite on the surrounding human
settlement in Mangwaneni, Manzini city. Data was collected from 78 household heads, dividing
them into nearby and far away strata. Result showed that both residents were affected by the
Dumpsite’s location. With those less than 200 meters from it experiencing malaria, chest pains,
cholera, and diarrhea. Residents over 200 meters also experienced chest pain and bad smell,
especially when wind blows. The study recommends proper location and management of
dumpsites to minimize environmental impact.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

A sanitary landfill is a facility needed for a proper waste disposal facility within a
community or LGU. It is a designated location where waste is disposed often in an open and in
regulated manner. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources has laid out
guidelines in setting up certain community sanitary landfill. It is governed by the republic act
9003 or otherwise known as the ecological solid waste management act of 2000 where in it
provides the closure of open dumps, criteria for setting, and establishment, and operation of
sanitary landfills. The law provided four categories in approving and choosing a final disposal
facilities within cluster LGU’s. In a study conducted by Gallarpe & Parilla, 2014 found out that
households living adjacent to the sanitary landfill perceived opportunities from a landfill
operation. However, the residents were also at high risk of acquiring contaminated ground water
that was unsafe and has resulted in multiple gastrointestinal and respiratory problems.

The problem faced by people living near the dumpsite in Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City,
is not just a local issue – it’s something happening all over the country. As cities grow fast and
proper waste management struggles to keep up the troubles of those near dumpsites reflect
bigger concerns about the environment and public health. The bad smell from these sites doesn’t
just stay outside; it seeps into homes, affecting people’s health, happiness, and relationships.
With the environment getting worse and the need for sustainable living becoming more urgent,
it’s necessary to understand what these residents are going through. This understanding can help
create better policies and build stronger, healthier communities nationwide.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

In Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City, the dumpsite is causing a lot of trouble for the locals. The
smell is unbearable, making it hard to enjoy being at home or outside. Not only that, but the
garbage attracts pests like rats and flies, spreading diseases and making life event more difficult.
Many residents worry about their health and the health of their families because of the pollution
from the dumpsite. Living near the dumpsite has become a daily struggle, and the residents are
desperate for things to change.

The dumpsite is a major issue for residents. The constant bad smell makes life really hard,
and it’s causing health problems for many people. This ongoing problem is making life difficult
for everyone in the community. It’s clear that something needs to be done soon to fix this
problem and make living in Barangay Cabahug better for everyone.

The residents living near the dumpsite want to make life better and find a smarter way to
handle the situation. That’s why this study is happening- to figure out how to solve the issues and
make living near the dumpsite safer and more comfortable. By finding new ideas and solutions,
we aim to improve the lives of everyone in the community.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the struggles encountered by residents living near the dumpsite
of Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City.

Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions.

1. What are the struggles encountered by residents living near dumpsites of Barangay
Cabahug, Cadiz City?
2. What are the effects of dumpsite to the residents of Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City?
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

3. What are the coping mechanisms of residents living near dumpsite of Barangay Cabahug,
Cadiz City?
4.

Scope and limitations of the study

This study investigates the struggles faced by residents living near the dumpsite in
Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz Cit, during current time (2024), aiming to understand the
environmental, health, social, and economic impacts of the dumpsite on the community during
this time period. Focusing specifically on Barangay Cabahug, the research examines both short-
term and long-term challenges experienced by residents, involving various stakeholders such as
community members, local leaders, Government agencies, and experts. Through methods,
including surveys, interviews, observations, and data analysis, the study seeks to provide
comprehensive insights into the issues and explore potential solutions, contributing to better
understanding of the situation and informing policy and interventions for improved community
well-being.

Significance of the study

Studying the problems faced by people living near the dump in Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz
City is important because it helps us figure out how to make their lives better. We can use this
information to solve issues like pollution and health risk and improve how we handle trash.

Theoretical Framework:

In understanding the struggles encountered by residents living near the dumpsite of

Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City, the social Ecology Theory provides a relevant perspective. The
theory emphasizes the dynamic interplay between individuals and their environment,
highlighting how social factors, such as community dynamics and economic status, intersect with
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

environmental conditions to shape human experiences and behavior. According to this

framework, residents’ struggles may be influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status,
access to resources, community cohesion, and the physical and mental health impacts of living
near dumpsite.

Conceptual Framework:

Building upon the social Ecology Theory, the conceptual framework for examining the
struggles of residents near the dumpsite of Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City, incorporates
additional dimensions. Firstly, the Environmental Justice Framework is pertinent, as it address
the unequal distribution of environmental burdens and benefits, emphasizing how marginalized
communities often bear the brunt of environmental hazards due to systematic inequalities.
Secondly, the Health Impact Assessment Framework is relevant for understanding the physical
and mental health affects of exposure to pollutants from the dumpsite. Lastly, the Community
Resilience Framework highlights the capacity of communities to adapt and respond to
environmental challenges, considering factors such as social capital, leadership, and access to
support networks. Together, these frameworks provide a comprehensive lens through which to
analyze and address the struggles faced by residents living near the dumpsite.

Definition of Terms

Barangay Cabahug

Conceptually, Barangay Cabahug is a barangay in the city of Cadiz, in the province of

Negros Occidental. (https://www.philatlas .com)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

Operationally, Barangay Cabahug refers to the local of the study where the data was
gathered through a face-to-face survey type questionnaire.

Dumpsite

Conceptually, a dumpsite is a designated area where waste materials are disposed of,
typically in an uncontrolled or informal manner, often resulting in environmental pollution and
health hazards. (Pariatambu, Agamuthu, 2009)

Operationally, dumpsite refers to the 8 hectares sanitary landfill located at Barangay

Cabahug, Cadiz City

Scent

Conceptual definition-Scent refers to a distinctive smell, often associated with fragrance

or odors detected by the olfactory system. (Oxford Languages, 2002) Operational definition-The
specific odor or smell perceptible in the air within the vicinity of the dumpsite in Barangay
Cabahug, Cadiz City, which may include odors associated with decomposing waste, chemicals,
or other pollutants.

Operationally, the scent refers to the undesirable and pungent odor coming from the
decomposing garbage in the Barangay Cabahug sanitary landfill.

Struggles

Conceptually, Struggles are defined as the exertion or contention against opposition or

difficulty. (Merriam-Webster, 2022)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

Operationally, The specific challenges experienced by residents living near the dumpsite
in Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City, such as exposure to foul odors, air and water pollution,
increased health risks, decreased property values, and limited access to clean surroundings.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter reveals the method of research which includes the research design,
Participants of the study, sampling design, data gathering procedure, data analysis procedure,
ethical consideration.

Research Design

This research utilized a descriptive research design using a constructed survey

questionnaire to be administered to the participants of the study. The study was conducted on the
residents living near the landfill in Barangay Cabahug from March 20-25, 2024.

Participants of the Study

The residents living near the landfill located at Barangay Cabahug would be the
participants of this study. There is a total of 124 household with the vicinity. However,
participants would be selected through a convenient sampling technique.

Sampling design

This study would utilize a convenience sampling technique to gather the participants’
responds. A survey questionnaire would be administered through a face-to-face interview by the
researchers to the participants.

Data gathering procedure

The data would be gathered through a face- to-face administration of the constructed
questionnaire by the researchers to the participants of this study. The data gathering would be
conducted from March 20-25, 2024 to the residents living near the sanitary landfill located in
Barangay Cabahug, Cadiz City. Only the participants who opted to participate in the study would
be interviewed.

Data Analysis Procedure

The data to be collected would be analyzed using statistical tools which include tables,
frequency, and percentage.

Ethical Consideration
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI
Sagay City Division
SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Senior High School)

The researchers would observe the following ethical considerations:

1. The researchers would report all the data and results honestly without bias and
alterations. The data would be presented in general; no individual data would be presented and
would be considered confidential.

2. The researchers would ensure that the participants understand and agreed to the voluntary
nature of the survey through a verbal agreement between the researchers and the participants.
The researchers would not disclose any information of the respondents in any given
circumstances, and;

3. The researchers would also ensure that no organization or person would be harm in
conducting the study, and;

4. Lastly, the researchers on the conduct of the study would respect the decisions of the
participants whether to participate or not in the study after the verbal agreement is given.