MARK SCHEME

GCSE
AQA
PHYSICS

P1 - Energy
Paper 1
1 (a) Energy can not be created nor destroyed. (1)
Energy can only be transferred from one store to another. (1)
This law is known as conservation of Energy. (1)
Energy is measured in Joules. (1)
(b) Any three from:
• Chemical energy (1)
• Thermal energy (1)
• Gravitational Potential energy (1)
• Elastic Potential energy (1)
• Magnetic energy (1)
• Electrostatic energy (1)
• Nuclear energy (1)

(c) The energy of an object in motion. (1)

K = ½ * M * V2 (1)
(Total for question 1 is 9 marks)

2 (a) (i) Burning coal in a boiler generates steam. (1)

The steam flows into a turbine which spins a generator to create electricity. (1)
(ii) Any two from:
• Contributes to the greenhouse effect (1)
• Non-renewable energy source (1)
• Pollution (1)
• Environmental damage from mines (1)

(b) (i) Any one from:

• UK has unreliable weather (1)
• UK is not sunny often (1)
(ii) Any power from:
Wind power (any two from):
• The UK is very windy
• The wind spins a turbine and generates electricity
• We can harvest wind energy without damaging the environment
Tidal Barrages (any two from):
• Tides are caused by the gravitational changes of the sun and moon
• UK has very strong tides
• As the sea moves with the tides it spins through turbines in river estuaries to
generate electricity
Wave energy:
• Lots of small turbines around the coast are spun by the movement of waves to
generate electricity
• Waves are created by winds

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Hydroelectric power (any two from):
• A dam is built to flood a valley
• Water is let out through turbines
• Water spins the turbines to escape the dam and generates electricity
(iii) Depending on answer for (ii)
Wind power (one from each):

Advantage:
• No pollution
• No environmental damage
• No fuel costs
• Low running costs
Disadvantage:
• Costly to build
• High noise pollution
• If it’s not windy they cannot match electricity demand

Tidal Barrages (one from each):

Advantage:
• Very reliable, tides happen twice a day
• No pollution
• No fuel costs
• Low running costs
Disadvantage:
• Prevents access for boats in the river
• Disturbs habitats of river wildlife

Wave energy (one from each):

Advantage:
• No fuel costs and running costs
Disadvantage:
• Disturbs seabed and habitats
• High initial costs
• Unreliable as it depends on the wind

Hydroelectric power (one from each):

Advantage:
• No fuel costs
• Low running costs
• No pollution
• Power on demand
Disadvantage:
• Huge impact on environment
• Habitats lost
• Rotting vegetation from the flooding releases CO2
(Total for question 2 is 10 marks)

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3 (a) (i) Light energy (1)
Heat energy (1)
(ii) Useful: Light (1)
Wasted: Heat (1)
(iii)

(3)
(b)

(3)
(Total for question 3 is 10 marks)

4 (a) Any two from:

• Through the floor (1)
• Through the walls (1)
• Through a chimney (1)

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 (b) Double glazing has a vacuum between two sheets of glass (1)
As a result, there is no conduction or convection. (1)

(c) Install roof insulation. (1)

Insulating materials are bad conductors and so this reduces the heat loss. (1)
Less heat escapes so the house will be warmer. (1)

(d) Solar Power (one from each):

Advantages:
• No pollution
• No fuel costs
• No running costs
Disadvantages:
• Costly to build
• Relies on low cloud cover which changes depending on the climate
• If it’s not sunny they cannot match electricity demand

Wind power (one from each):

Advantage:
• No pollution
• No environmental damage
• No fuel costs
• Low running costs
Disadvantage:
• Costly to build
• High noise pollution
• If it’s not windy they cannot match electricity demand

(Total for question 4 is 9 marks)

5 (a) Electrical energy (1)

Heat energy (1)
(b) Watts (1)
Power (1)
(c) 180 x 60 = 10,800 (2)
(Total for question 5 is 6 marks)

6 (a) (i) False (ii) False (iii) True (iv) True

(b) The heat energises the atoms inside the metal and the vibration increases. (1)
The vibration spreads throughout the metal and the entire metal becomes heated. (1)
The kinetic energy from the vibration is transferred from the atoms of the hotter parts of the
metal to cooler parts. (1)

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 (c) Dull and dark surfaces reflect light and infrared radiation less. (1)
This means they absorb more infrared radiation and also emit more. (1)
(d) The wax melted, and the pin dropped quickest with copper (1)
(e) Any one from:
• The heat of the bunsen burner (1)
• The length of the metal (1)
(f) The metals (1)
(g) What’s being measured (1)
(Total for question 6 is 9 marks)

Total marks for question paper: 53

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