ENIR 11

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

Present Energy resources in India and its sustainability

 ENERGY RESOURCES
• Energy is one of the most important building blocks in human development, and
as such, acts as a key factor in determining the economic development of all the
countries.
• Energy is the ability to cause changes, exert forces or do work.
• In other words, energy is the ability to make things happen!
• An energy resource is something that can produce heat, power life, move objects,
or produce electricity.
• Matter that stores energy is called a fuel.
• Energy can be generated from fuel minerals like coal,
petroleum, natural gas, uranium and from electricity.
Sustainable energy is the practice of using energy in a
way that "meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.
ENERGY UNITS
 Classification of Energy Resources
Based on the energy storage or cycling time-Renewable or non-renewable resources
(Renewable resources have a cycling time less than 100 years, while for
non-renewable resources, it is greater than a million years)
Based on the nature of their transaction- commercial -available to the users at some
price (coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity) and noncommercial sources-
available free of cost to the users (fire wood, agricultural waste, cow dung)
Based on consumption- exhaustible/ depletable- gets drained when used as an input
of a production process and non - depletable / renewable resources
Based on regularity-conventional -have been in use since a long time (coal, oil, hydro,
nuclear, etc.) and non-conventional - recently developed and are still developing.
(solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, etc.) sources.
Based on conversion-primary or secondary types - (primary sources - found in nature
that has not been subjected to any human engineered conversion process and
secondary sources- made from other energy sources).
 Energy resources Fossil fuel
(coal, oil, natural gas, peat)
Chemical
Biomass (wood, agricultural
Potential residues, etc.)
Based on energy Renewable
Water at a certain height
storage and cycling time Non-renewable Kinetic
wind, tidal (waves)
Radiation
Commercial solar(sun)
Based on transaction
Non-Commercial Heat Geothermal reservoirs,
ocean thermal reservoirs
Nuclear
Depletable Uranium & thorium
Based on consumption
Non- Depletable

Conventional Electricity
Based on regularity
Non-conventional Mechanical
energy
Primary
Based on conversion Chemical
Secondary Refined oil products
energy