Overview of Energy System (EEE-710-2)

~By
Prof Nirmal Kumar Roy
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology,
Durgapur713209 (India)
E mail: roy.nk2003@gmail.com EEE-710- Lecture Series- 02 Dated: 16-09-2020
Contents:

 Energy Chain & its Definition

 Energy Resources & its Conversion
 Disparity in World Energy Distribution
 Electrical Energy in International scenario
 Electrical Energy in National scenario
 Changing Pattern of uses of Energy resources
 Installed Capacity, Per Capita Consumption and Power Supply Position
 Growth of Electricity and Carbon Dioxide Emission
 Conclusion
Energy Chain & its Definition
Definition of Energy:
Energy is the primary and most universal
measure of all kinds of work done by
human beings and nature

Primary Energy which has not undergone any transformation (Energy

Resources), Example: Coal, Petroleum Oil, Natural Gas etc
Secondary Energy obtained from Primary Energy through
transformation/processing, Example: Thermal, Chemical etc

Final Energy obtained from Secondary Energy through

transformation/processing, Example: Electricity

Forms of Energy:
Energy exists in many forms such as chemical energy, nuclear energy, mechanical energy,
thermal energy, electrical energy, internal energy etc.
Energy Resources
• Renewable/Non Conventional
(16%) • Non-renewable/Conventional
– Solar (84%)
– Wind – Oil
– Falling, flowing water – Natural gas
– Biomass – Coal
– Geothermal…. etc – Nuclear power
Energy Conversion Cycle OTHERS
First Hydel Power project at Darjelling established in 1897
Power +
From
Hydel,
Power From
Coal, Gas &
Geothermal
Nuclear
Energy
(PRIMARY
ENERGY)
Power
From
Thermal Power Plant
Convert to Wind
Thermal
Energy Power From
(SECONDARY Solar Energy
ENERGY )

Amount of fuel
used to generate
one kilowatt
Convert to hour (kwh):
Electricity Coal Equivalent
= 540gms -1.2kg
(FINAL
ENERGY )
Disparity of World Energy Distribution

1.4 billion 6.0 billion

Disparity of World Economy
Electrical Energy in International Scenario Global (2019)
24000 TWh Electricity Consumption annually
Electrical Energy in National Scenario up to March 2020

India (2019)
1.6 TWh Electricity
Consumption annually
Installed Capacity, Per Capita Consumption and Power Supply Position as July 2020
Installed Capacity in MW

Per Capita Consumption in kWhr Power Supply position in MU

Power Supply position in MW

Lock down Effect in Indian Electricity Consumption
Problems with Indian Power Sector
1. No reliable power supply due to inadequate last mile connectivity force to use diesel generator

2. Proper mapping of Demand build up measures as railways can be electrified fully 

3. No access to electricity of many of the household

4. System of cross-subsidization by different political Gurus

5. Name plate/declared capacity is wrongly declared which misguide the power management

6. Intra day load and demand not recorded probably , load profile management missing

7. Coal supply is not reliable due to efficient coal Mining & Management

8. Poor pipeline connectivity and infrastructure  for natural gas supply

9. Average transmission, distribution and consumer-level losses

10. Non utilisation of Conservation opportunities in residential/commercial building sector 

11. Key implementation challenges from Central as well as State Govt

12. Less penetration of Hydroelectric power projects 

13. Theft of power

14. Losses in the connector systems/service connections responsible for failure of major power equipment

15. Lack of clean and reliable energy sources for specially urban people who are using fuel wood, agricultural waste and livestock dung
Growth of Electricity and Carbon Dioxide Emission
Annually, Electricity consumption Annually, Carbon Dioxide Emission
Global (2019) India (2019) Global (2019) India (2019)
24000 TWh Electricity 1.6 TWh Electricity Carbon Dioxide annually Carbon Dioxide annually
Consumption annually Consumption annually 36.8 billion tonnes 2.6 billion tonnes
Beyond Economics, its all about Green House Gas (GHG) Emission
Every Year an Average Coal Plant
Releases
• 3,700,000 tons of CO2
• 10,000 tons of SO2.
• 500 tons of particulates
• 10,200 tons NOx
• 720 tons of CO
• 220 tons of volatile organic
compounds (VOC)
• 80 Kgs of mercury
• 100 Kgs of arsenic
• 50 Kgs of lead

And there are over 400 of them in India.

Calculation of Current in Van De Graff Generator

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Thank YOU All………….