University of Dar es salaam

Civil Engineering, Second Year students 2015/2016

Water supply &Treatment Engineering
TUTORIAL # 3 – COAGULATION
QUESTION 1
BUWASA needs a competent Graduate Water Engineer II/Civil Engineer II to design a Water
Treatment plant for treating water taken from an intake located in Kagera River. The catchment
area comprises human settlements and farms. Suppose you are invited for job interview in this
position, how would you answer the following questions from the interview panel?
i. Discuss the treatment units to be included in the treatment plant? Give sound reasons for
each unit you have included?
ii. Provide a schematic layout of the treatment plant showing location of the different units.
QUESTION 2
i) 100 mg/L of Alum was added to the raw water with 10mg/l alkalinity as CaCO3, estimate
amount of alkalinity consumed
ii) water with no alkalinity, estimate the pH that results and the amount of sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) in mg/L required to bring the pH to 7.0

QUESTION 3
Assuming that coagulation is needed and 1 mg/L of alum reacts with 0.45 mg/L alkalinity and 1
mg/L of alum reacts with 0.35 mg/L lime, calculate the lime dosage in mg/L that is required for
pH adjustment given the following parameters:
• Jar test determines the alum dosage = 8.5 mg/L
• Raw alkalinity = 9.0 mg/L
• Residual alkalinity needed for precipitation = 14 mg/L
QUESTION 4
A water treatment plant treating water for a community of 1,000,000 people with equivalent per
capita daily demand of 85 l requires 20mg/l of ferric chloride as coagulant. If the water has 6
mg/l as CaCO3, determine the quantity of alum and quicklime required per year

COAGULATION Page 1
QUESTION 5
If 200 mg/L of alum to be added to achieve complete coagulation. How much alkalinity is
consumed in mg/L as CaCO
3

QUESTION 6
A raw water supply is treated with an alum dosage of 25 mg/L. Calculate the
I. The amount of alum required to treat a flow of 1 MGD(million gallon /day)
II. The amount of natural alkalinity required to react with the alum added in terms of CaCO3
III. The volume of sludge produced per MGD
( 1 gallon = 3.78541 Litres)

QUESTION 7
(A) If 200mg/l of Ferric Chloride is added for coagulation, how much Alkalinity is consumed in
mg/l as CaCO3
(B) What is the amount of Natural Alkalinity required for Coagulation of Raw water with dosage
of 15.0 mg/l of Ferric Chloride?
QUESTION 8
Water with low alkalinity of 12mg/l as CaCO3 will be treated with the alum -lime coagulation.
Alum dosage is 55mg/L. Determine the lime dosage needed to react with alum.
QUESTION 9
(A)Water contains 100mg/l CO3- and 75MG/L HCO3- at a pH of 10. Calculate the total
Alkalinity at 250C( 1 gallon = 3.78541 Litres)
(B) Alum dosage for treating certain water source was found to be 30mg/l after a series of
Titration for optimum Ph. From this information, Calculate the amount of alkalinity consumed if
(i) The water source had a an alkalinity of about 10mg/l (ii) The Amount Quicklime added to
optimize the Ph and (iii) The Ph if water source had no alkalinity at all.
QUESTION 10
A water treatment plant treating water for a community of 1,000,000 people with daily demand
of 50l/c requires20mg/l of alum. If the water has 6mg/l as CaCO3, determine (i) the quantity of
alum required per year and (ii) the quantity of quicklime required per year

COAGULATION Page 2