JOURNALISM PRESS FREEDOM IS GURANTEED
UNIT 1 1987 Constitution Article III
LESSON 1-5
JOURNALISM
An art of expressing different information
Divided into three categories:
 Written (newspaper, magazine)
 Oral (radio)
 Audio-visual (television, movie, and
internet)
TYPES OF JOURNALISM
Objective Journalism
 Confines to facts and answers the
questions what, who, where, when,
why, and how
Interpretative Journalism
 The journalist attempts to explain the
significance of the event by
expounding the why and how.
Adversarial Journalism
 Acts as “watchdog” that fiscalizes the
three branches of the government:
executive, legislative, and judiciary.
Development Journalism
 Opposite to adversarial
 Promotes social, economic, and
political development of the country.
 Also called “subservience journalism”
Yellow Journalism
 Sensationalizes stories about crime
and violence, and stories of immoral
and indecent acts of celebrities.
Section 4
“No law shall be passed abridging the
freedom of speech, of expression, or of
the press, or of the right of the people to
peacefully assemble petition the government
for redress of grievances.”
Philippine Constitution
Article II Section 24
“The State recognizes the vital role of
communication and information in nation-
building.”
RA 7079
Campus Journalism Act of 1991
Highlights press freedom in Section 2
(Declaration of Policy)
“It is declared policy of the state to uphold
and protect the freedom of the press even at
the campus level and to promote the
development and growth of campus
journalism as a means of strengthening
ethical values, encouraging critical and
creative thinking, and developing moral
character and personal discipline of the
Filipino youth.”
FUNCTIONS OF CAMPUS PAPER
What is a Campus Paper?
A mimeographed or printed publication
released by staff members whose names
appear in the editorial box.
TRADITIONAL FUNCTIONS OF CAMPUS
PAPER
1. Aid to the students
 Provides an opportunity for interesting
writing
 Give students the opportunity to learn
how to read newspapers
 Acts as stimulus for better work
 Develops students’ skills for
observation and discrimination
2. Aid to the school and
community
 Publishes school news
 Forms the community in the work of
the school
 Helps unify the school
 Develops better inter-school
relationship
 Develops cooperation between
parents and school
MODERN FUNCTIONS OF A CAMPUS
PAPER
 Information function
 Opinion function
 Education function
 Watchdog function
 Laboratory function
 Documentation function
 Entertainment function
 Developmental function
SECTIONS OF A CAMPUS PAPER AND
ITS CONTENT
1. Front page/ news page
2. Editorial page
3. Feature page
4. Literary page
5. Sports page
CAMPUS JOURNALISTS CODE OF
ETHICS
 The student journalist should strive
continuously to be unbiased and
accurate in his/her reports and should
equip him/herself adequately with facts
to support his/her published
statements.
 The student journalist should reveal
his/her identity as a representative
of the student press before obtaining
any interview for publication.
 The editor should not exclude a
student’s point of view solely
because it is contrary to the editorial
policy.
 The editor should apologize in print
at the first available opportunity for all
mistakes.
 A student journalist should defend
freedom through the honest
collection and publication of news
and facts and through the rights of fair
comment and criticism.
 Student journalists should be familiar
with the laws of libel and contempt
of court which exist in their country
and should observe the international
copyright agreement unless this
interferes with the freedom of the
press or the need to inform the public
on vital matters.