HIGH SCHOOL PUBLICATION: A BRIEF HISTORY
1. Interest and knowledge of what journalism is
2. Understand the basic jobs or functions of a
newspaper
3. Familiarity with the similarities and differences
between a national paper and a campus paper
4. Awareness of the different items found in each
part or section of a newspaper
Defining Campus Journalism SCOPE FUNCTIONS
The word Journal comes from the Latin word, diurna,
which means "daily". In ancient Rome, short bulletins of
battles, fires, and elections compiled by government
officials were posted up in public places. These were
called acta diurna which meant "dally events".
The "Acta Diurna" were everyday Roman official notices
and news, a sort of daily newspaper. They were carved
and written on stone and metal, and viewed in public
places for public viewing like the Forum of Rome. It first
appeared around 131 BC during the Roman Republic
and is considered to be the world's first newspaper.
Journalism is the occupation of writing for publication in
newspapers and other periodicals. Noah Webster
Journalism is something that embraces all forms in
which or through which the news and comments reach
the public. As long as all that happens in the world hold
interest for the public, and all the thoughts, actions and
ideas which these happenings stimulate, become basic
materials for the journalists. Fraser F. Bond
THE SCOPE
WRITTEN
 newspaper
 magazine
ORAL
 radio
VISUAL
 Television
 movies
 documentaries
NEWSPAPERS
 prints more news
 has no special cover
 printed on a special paper called newsprint
 news is printed on the front, inside and back
pages
MAGAZINES
 prints more features and human interest stories
 has a special cover usually with a big cut on it
 often printed on bookpaper
 if ever news is printed, it is brief, featurized, and
found in the inside pages.
THE FUNCTIONS
 A campus paper is a publication, either
mimeographed or printed, put out by staff
members whose names appear on the
masthead or editorial box.
 It has many functions and its traditional roles
were specified by Harold Spears and C.H.
Lawshe Jr. in their book, An Introduction to
Journalism
PTAN Retro Memory #22 Mimeograph Machines
Before printers and digital documents, this smelly
machine was found in schools everywhere
AIDS TO THE STUDENTS
1. To provide an opportunity for interesting writing.
2. To give the students the opportunity to learn how
to read newspapers.
3. To act as a stimulus to better work.
4. To develop students’ powers of observation and
5. Discrimination concerning relative merits of
news articles. 5. To serve as an outlet and
motivation for journalistic writing.
6. To offer training in organization, business
methods, commercial art, salesmanship and
bookkeeping, and business management.
7. To develop qualities of cooperation, tact,
accuracy, tolerance, responsibility, and
leadership.
AIDS TO THE SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY
1. To inform the community as to the work of the
school.
2. To publish school news.
3. To create and express school opinion.
4. To make known the achievements of the school.
5. To help unify the school.
6. To encourage and stimulate worthwhile
activities.
7. To develop right standards of conduct
8. To provide an outlet for student suggestions for
the betterment of the school.
9. To develop better interschool relationship.
10. To develop school spirit.
 11. To develop cooperation between the parents and
the school.
INFORMATION FUNCTION
Informs the readers of events that happened, that are
happening, or that will still happen. This is news function.
But information may also come from the features,
editorial and other sections of the school paper.
OPINION FUNCTION
Through the editorials and editorial columns, the editor
interprets the meaning of the news, especially of the
banner news, and give their opinions of important
matters or significant events of the day.
EDUCATION FUNCTION
to educate not only the students but also the people in
the community. Sex education and family planning which
used to be tabooed in classrooms are now topics of
discussion by student writers in their school organs
WATCHDOG FUNCTION
The school paper acts as the guardian of the students'
rights. It serves as the eyes of the readers.
EDUCATION FUNCTION
to educate not only the students but also the people in
the community. Sex education and family planning which
used to be tabooed in classrooms are now topics of
discussion by student writers in their school organs
ENTERTAINMENT FUNCTION
The school paper, like an interesting book keeps the
ready company especially when alone. Most human
interest stories are very interesting to read
DOCUMENTATION FUNCTION
Important school events, worthwhile student
accomplishments and achievements are recorded in the
school paper for posterity sake. Most present-day
histories have been researched from old files of
newspapers.
DEVELOPMENTAL FUNCTION
In a developing country like the Philippines, scholastic
and commercial journalism has been given nobler
significance. Writing science news and development
reports to cover priority programs of government,
especially those that have to do with agricultural
productivity, land reform, expanded health, medical and
other social welfare services, population education, rural
electrification, nutrition education, and the promotion of a
deeper cultural consciousness among the people.
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 FRONT PAGE - is the first page of a newspaper
and is considered to be the most important and
prominent section of a newspaper because it
serves as a snapshot of the day's most
significant news stories and events.
 The front page is designed to grab the reader's
attention and provide a concise summary
summary of the top news stories, often
accompanied by eye-catching headlines and
compelling images. It aims to entice readers to
delve further into the newspaper and explore
more in-depth articles inside.
Local News -news that takes place within the country.
Foreign News -News that takes place outside
Dateline News -an out-of-town news story. It is
introduced by a dateline which states the place from
which the story was reported, the date, the source of the
material if not written by the local staff as, Tokyo, Japan,
Jan. 25 (AP)
Weather News -usually a boxed forecast of the area,
sometimes a temperature, wind directions and velocities.
Extremes on weather are reported as more detailed
news stories
Index -typically located near the front or back of the
publication, It serves as a guide or table of contents that
lists the sections, pages, and major headlines or topics
covered in the newspaper. The index is designed to help
readers navigate through rough the newspaper and find
specific articles articles or sections of of intere interest. It
may be labeled as Contents,” or “Contents” and is
usually organized in a hierarchical manner, with main
sections listed first, followed by subsections and specific
articles or topics. Some newspapers may also include a
brief summary or description of each article or section in
the index to provide additional information to readers.
Nameplate -the engraved or printed name of the
newspaper as the Manila Times or The PNC Torch.
Ears* The little boxes on either side of the nameplate
Banner- the principal headline bearing the boldest and
biggest type. It is the title of the most important news of
the day which is called banner news. It may or may not
run across the page. If it does, it may also be called a
streamer
Running Head -A head made up of two or more lines. a
short, abbreviated version of the newspaper's title that
appears at the top of each page. It typically includes the
newspaper's name or logo along with a brief identifier or
tagline.
Running Head -Repeated text, usually at the top of
each page that includes page number, etc. Also called
header
Headline - the title of the news story. The word headline
is used only for titles of news stories, thus, the various
rules for writing it.
Lead - The beginning of a news story. It may be a word,
a group of words, a sentence, or even a paragraph.
Deck -a subordinate headline placed immediately below
its mother headline, also known as bank or readout.
News Story -The whole story of an event composed of
the lead and the text which is the elaboration of the lead.
Columns -The horizontal division into parts of a
newspaper. Many national papers are divided into elght
(8) columns while a typical school paper is divided into
five (5) columns of 12 ems each.
Column Rule -The vertical line that divides the page into
columns. Most pages of the newspaper are divided into
columns by a space usually one em wide. This space is
called the sunken rule.
Fold -The imaginary horizontal line that divides the
newspaper equally into two parts.
Byline* - The signature of a reporter preceding a news
feature as By Warren Cruz.
Box* News materials enclosed by line rules
Cut - A metal plate bearing a newspaper's illustration,
also known as cliche
Cuttine- The text accompanying the photos and other
art work, better known as caption. If written above the
photo just like a slugline, it is called overline
Kicker* - A tagline placed above but smaller than a
headline, also known as teaser. If it is bigger than the
headline, it is called hammer.
Credit Line -A line giving the source of the story or
illustration as reprinted from the “Manila Times” or Photo
by MPI
EDITORIAL PAGE - a section in a newspaper or
magazine that contains articles written by the
publication's editorial board or guest contributors. It is a
platform for expressing opinions and providing
commentary on current events, politics, social issues,
and other relevant topics.
The purpose of the editorial page is to present different
perspectives, stimulate discussion, and influence public
opinion. It often includes editorials, opinion pieces,
letters to the editor, and political cartoons.
Folio - Consists of the page number, date of publication,
and name of the newspaper usually written on top of the
page. This is also found in the other pages.
Masthead - The editorial box containing the logo, names
of the staff members and position in the staff,
subscription rate, the publisher, and other pertinent data
about the newspaper. A logo (a ‘shorter word for
logotype) is a cut which contains an identifying word or
words, such as the name of the newspaper or of a
section
Editorial Proper - A commentary written by any of the
editors who comments or gives the opinion of the staff or
of the whole paper on various subjects. It is the stand of
the paper.
Editorial Column - A personal opinion written by the
columnist himself. Like the editorial proper, it may attack,
teach, entertain, or appeal depending upon its purpose
Editorial Cartoon Usually a caricature emphasizing a
simple point. Usually humorous, it has the function of the
editorial. Standing by itself, it is not a complement of the
editorial proper
Editorial Liner- A short statement or quoted sayings
placed at the end of editorial columns or editorial to drive
home some messages.
Letter to the Editor -A letter sent in by the reader giving
his personal views on certain aspects.
SPORTS PAGE- a section in a newspaper or magazine
dedicated to covering sports-related news, events, and
stories. It provides readers with information about
various sports, including professional leagues, teams,
athletes, and sporting events.
The sports page typically includes articles, interviews,
match summaries, game schedules, player profiles, and
analysis of sports- related topics. It is a popular section
for sports enthusiasts and fans who want to stay updated
on the latest scores, standings, and developments in the
world of sports.
SPECIAL FEATURES – a section of a newspaper
typically includes in- depth articles, interviews, and
stories on a specific topic or theme. It is a section that
goes beyond the daily news and provides readers with
more detailed and comprehensive coverage.
The content In the special features section can vary
depending on the newspaper, but it often includes
profiles, human interest stories, travel, arts and culture,
lifestyle, opinion pieces, and special reports.

Profiles - Feature articles highlighting individuals,

organizations, oг usinesses, providing insights into their
achievements, challenges, or unique stories.

Human Interest Stories

Heart-warming stories, inspiring, or though-provoking

stories about people and their experiences that evoke
emotions or bring attention to social issues

Travel - Articles about destinations, travel tips, and

recommendations for travelers who want to explore new
places or plan their vacations.

Lifestyle, Arts and Culture - Articles on topics such as

health, fashion, food, relationships and parenting, and
coverage of artistic events, exhibitions, performances,
interviews with artists, musicians, actors, and other
creative individuals.

Entertainment -It provides readers with in-depth

coverage and analysis of entertainment-related news,
events, and trends. This can include reviews of movies,
TV shows, and music, interviews with celebrities, profiles
of artists, and coverage of cultural events. The special
features section allows newspapers to offer a more
comprehensive and diverse range of content beyond the
daily news, including entertainment-related topics that
may be of interest to readers