7.

Critically analyze the role of mathematical modelling in understanding and predicting natural phenomena or
complex systems. Choose a specific case study or application relevant your graduate school’s context and discuss the
mathematical models and techniques used.
* Mathematical modelling is defined as the transformation of any problem situation into a mathematical
model. However, this concept started to be used commonly to define the process including all the steps of structuring
mathematizing, mathematical working and interpretation/verification. Mathematical models are used to solve many
real-life situations like: • launching a satellite. predicting the arrival of the monsoon. controlling pollution due to
vehicles. reducing traffic jams in big cities.
The mathematical decision-making models proposed in the article can be used to manage industrial
enterprises in conditions of instability. The advantage of the model based on the ranking of decision criteria is the
identification of priority areas for improving the company's operations. While the advantage of the model based on the
construction of an integral indicator is the ability to draw conclusions about the state of the enterprise as a whole and
to consider changing this state in time to detect trends.

8. Explore the importance of mathematical proofs in advanced mathematics courses at your graduate school. Discuss
the role of proofs in developing students’ mathematical thinking, logical reasoning, and problem-solving skills.
*Mathematical proof can have several functions, including verification, explanation, systematization,
discovery and communication. All of these functions are important for mathematicians, but school students usually
contact only with the verification function. Proof plays a central role in developing, establishing and communicating
mathematical knowledge. The students should engage in tasks where they can experience the different functions of
proof. Nevertheless, it also suggests that, contrary to what happens in mathematics, in school mathematics, the
explanation function is the most relevant one. It is this function that allows a deeper understanding of the concepts, a
kind of insight that can be very important for students learning about mathematics. And this function seems to be
related to the notion of simple proof.

9. Analyze the current state of mathematics teacher education in the Philippines, with a focus on your graduate
school’s teacher preparation program. Discuss the challenges and opportunities in preparing future mathematics
educators who can promote effective learning and teaching practices.
*One of the biggest challenges may be how abstract it is. When studying math, it is often more of a mixture of
drilling with an expectation to solve problems that have no context or relevancy for the student. Today, whether to
focus on computation or structure depends more on the level of math the students are studying. College bound
students are still exposed more to structure while those who are not are often taught using more of a computational
focus. The challenge with this is that everyone wants every child to be college bound which means essentially that
most students are taught with a focus on the structure and theories of mathematics with a goal of understanding why
certain steps are taken when calculating something.
The goal is not to indicate that there is one particular way of teaching math. The challenge is really how to
help non-math students have success at math. This involves using both concepts and drill in a combination that allows
weaker students to survive or even succeed in a difficult academic situation for them. Make students confident that
ability can be improved through effort and effort is important than ability.