VISUAL DICTIONARY

VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE 2ND ED. Aesthetics Arch Attic

3d printing The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art, 32. A curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to 48. A room or space directly under the roof of a building. Esp.
15.
1. A computer-driven rapid prototyping process using a beauty, and taste, with a view to establishing the meaning support a vertical load primarily by axial compression. A house.
printer to build a physical model directly from 3d cad data. and validity of critical judgements concerning works of art. Arch action Bagh
49.
4D modeling Air-entraining portland cement The manner in which an arch transforms the vertical An enclosed garden in indian architecture.
BIM modeling that intergrates three-dimensional CAD A type I, type II, or type III portland cement to which a 33. forces of a supported load into inclined components and Balcony
2. drawings with the fourth demension of time to visualize 16. small quantity of an air-entraining agent has been transmits them to abutments on either side of the 50. An elevated platform projecting from the wall of a building
the construction sequence and identify scheduling interground during manufacture; designated by the suffix archway. and enclosed by a railing or parapet.
constraints, conflicts, and opportunities for optimization. A, as in type IA, type IIA, or type IIIA. Arch axis Baldachin
34.
5D modeling Aisle The median line of an arched structure. 51. An ornamental canopy of stone or marble permanently
BIM modeling that integrates three-dimensional CAD 17. Any of the longitudinal divisions of a church, separated Architectonics placed over the altar in a church.
35.
drawing with the dimensions of time and cost data to from the nave by a row of columns or piers. The unifying structure or concept of an artistic work. Baptism
visually link design and scheduling with pricing and Alameda Architectural terra cotta A sacrament of initiation into christianity, symbolic of
52.
3. budgeting for equipment, labor,and materials. 5D 18. In latin america, a boulevard, park or public garden Hard-burned, glazed or unglazed terra cotta, spiritual regeneration, marked by a ceremonial immersion
36.
modeling enables users to analyze the effect a having a promenade lined with shade trees. hand-molded or machine- extruded to order as a ceramic or application of water.
contemplated change would have on other sections of a Allee veneer for walls or for ornamentation. Baptistery
19.
project as well as how the change might affect both cost French term for broad walk planted with trees. Architecture 53. A part of a church or a separate building in which baptism
and scheduling. Altar 37. The art and science of designing and constructing is administered.
Abacus The table in christian church upon which the eucharist, buildings. Base
4. 20.
The flat upper member of a capital is called the sacrament celebrating christ's last supper, is Architrave or epistyle 54. Walls are generally made wider just at the bottom so as
Abbey celebrated. 38. A beam that spans the space between two piers or to get a better bearing on the ground. This projection is
A monastery under the supervision of an abbot, or a Alure columns or between a pier or column and a wall is called Basement
5. 21. A walk or passage, as along a cloister or behind the
convent under the supervision of an abbess, belonging to Archivolt 55. A story of a building that is wholly or partly below ground
the highest rank of such institutions. parapets of a castle. 39. A decorative molding or band on the face of an arch level.
Absorption Ambo following the curve of the intrados. Basilica
The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit 22. Either of two raised stands from which the gospels or Arcuate An early christian church, characterized by a long,
6. when immersed in either cold or boiling water for a stated epistles were read or chanted in an early christian church. Curved or arched like a bow; a term used in describing rectangular plan, a high colonnaded nave lit by a
length of time, expressed as a percentage of the weight Ambulatory the arched or vaulted structure of a romanesque church 56. clerestory and covered by a timbered gable roof, two or
40.
of the dry unit. 23. An aisle encircling the end of the choir or chancel of a or gothic cathedral, as distinguished from the trabeated four lower side aisles, a semicircular apse at the end, a
Abutment church. architecture of an egyptian hypostyle hall or greek doric narthex, and often features, such as an atrium, a bema,
7. The part of a structure receiving and supporting the thrust Ambulatory temple. and small semicircular apses terminating the aisles.
24.
of an arch, vault, or strut. A covered place for walking, as around a cloister. Areaway Basket-handle arch
Achromatic Ambulatory 41. A sunken area affording access, air, and light to a 57. A three-centered arch having a crown with a radius much
25.
8. Having no saturation and therefore no hue, such as white, The covered walk of an atrium or cloister. basement door or window. greater than that of the outer pair of curves.
black, or gray. Analogous color Art Basket-handle arch
Acoustical ceiling 26. One of two or three closely related colors on a color The conscience use of skill, craft, and creative
42.
9. A ceiling of acoustical tile or other sound-absorbing wheel. imagination in the production of what is beautiful,
material. Anthropology appealing, or of more than ordinary significance.
Art Architecture 58.
Acoustical tile The science of human beings, specif. The study of the
27.
Tile made in various sizes and textures from a soft, origins, physical and cultural development, and 43. The product or result of architectural work; building,
10. collectively
sound-absorbing material, such as cork, mineral fiber, or environmental and social relations of humankind. A three-centered arch having a crown with a radius much
glass fiber. Apse Atrium greater than that of the outer pair of curves.
Additive color A semicircular or polygonal projection of a building, A skylit, central court in building, esp. A large interior one Bat
28. 44. 59.
A color produced by combining lights of red, green, and usually vaulted and used esp. At the sanctuary or east having a glass roof and surrounded by several stories of A brick cut transversely so as to leave one end whole.
11. blue wavelengths. These light or additive primaries end of a church. galleries. Bay
contain all the wavelengths necessary to produce a Arbor Atrium Any of a number of principal compartments or divisions of
colorless or white light. 29. A shelter of shrubs and branches or of latticework 45. An open, skylit court around which a house or building is 60.
a wall, roof, or other part of a building marked off by
Adobe intertwined with climbing vines and flowers. built. vertical or transverse supports.
12. Sun-dried brick made of clay and straw, commonly used Arcade Atrium Beam ceiling
30.
in regions with little rainfall. A series of arches supported on piers or columns. 46. The forecourt of an early christian church, flanked or 61. The underside of a floor showing the supporting beams
Advancing color Arcade surrounded by porticoes. and finished to form a ceiling.
13.
... 31. The space between piers or columns are sometimes Attic
Advancing color spanned by arches, a series of which is called 47. A room or space directly under the roof of a building, esp.
14. A warm color that appears to move toward an observer, A house.
giving an illusion of space.

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Beauty Bitmap Brick BuildingSMART alliance

The aggregate of qualities in a person or thing that gives 76. A data structure representing a generally square or A masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism Trademarked name for a council of the National Institute
91.
intense pleasure to the senses or deep satisfaction to the rectangular grid of pixels. while plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing in of Building Standards (NIBS). established to develop and
62.
mind or spirit, whether arising from harmony or form or Blind a kiln. promote open standards for gathering, maintaining, and
100.
color, excellence of craft, truthfulness, originality, or other, Describing a recess in a wall having the appearance of a Brick grade communicating technical information for the design,
often unspecific property 77. window (blind window) or door (blind door), inserted to A designation indicating the durability of a brick unit when construction, and facilities industries, and the full
Behavioral science complete a series of windows or to provide symmetry of exposed to weathering. The U.S. is divided into three life~cycle implementation of a single National Building
Any of the sciences, such as sociology and anthropology, design. weathering regions- severe, moderate, and negligible -- Information Model Standrad (NBIMS).
63. 92.
that seek to discover general truths from the observation Blind arcade according to annual winter rainfall and the annual number BuildingSMART International
78.
of human behavior in society. A series of arches superimposed on a wall for decoration. of freezing cycle days. Brick is graded for use in each Trademarked name for an international organization with
Bell arch Blind story region according to compressive strength, maximum reprecesentation in North American, Europe, Asia, and
64. A round arch resting on two large corbels with curved 79. A major horizontal division of a wall having no exterior water absorption, and maximum saturation coefficient. Australia, bringing together architects, engineers,
faces. windows. Brick type 101. contractors, facilities managers, product manufacturers,
Belvedere Blobitecture A designation indicating the permissible variation in size, and software vendors to define and develop open
93.
65. A building or architectural feature of a building, designed From blob + architecture: a term coined by Grey Lynn to color, chippage, and distortion allowed in a facing brick international standards and protocols for data echange in
and situated to look out upon a pleasing scene. describe experiments with indeterminate forms in digital unit. building information modeling; formerly the International
Bema 80. design. Now, an often derogatory and rounded shapes Brickwork Aillance for Interoperability.
A transverse open space separating the nave and the and forms. While seemingly arbitrary in nature, many 94. Brick construction, esp. The art of bonding bricks Bulkhead
66. 102.
apse of an early christian church, developing into the exemples reply on computer modeling algorithms to effectively. A horizontal or inclined door over a stairway
transept of later cruciform churches. derive their freeform surfaces. Brightness Bulkhead
Bema Block The dimension of a color that is correlated with luminance 103. A horizontal or inclined door over a stairway giving
67. The sanctuary space surrounding the altar of an eastern 81. A large building divided into a number of separate 95. and by which casual stimuli are ordered continuously access to a cellar.
church. apartments, offices, or shops. from very dim to very bright. Pure white has the maximum Cable
Bending moment Body brightness, and pure black the minimum brightness. A flexible structural member, such as wire rope metal
104.
An external moment tending to cause part of a structure 82. The structural portion of a ceramic article or the clay Brilliant chain, having high tensile strength but offering no
68. to rotate or bend, equal to the algebraic sum of the material or mixture from which it is made. 96. Designating a color having high lightness and strong resistance to compression or bending.
moments about the neutral axis of the section under Bond saturation. Cable stayed structure
consideration. Any of various arrangements of masonry units having a Buckling A structure having vertical or inclined masts from which
105.
Bending stress 83. regular, recognizable, usually overlapping pattern to The sudden lateral or torsional instability of a slender cables extend to support horizontally spanning members
A combination of compressive and tensile stresses increase the strength and enhance the appearance of the 97. structural member induced by the action of a compressive arranged in a parallel or radial pattern.
69. developed at a cross section of a structural member to construction. load. Buckling can occur well before the yield stress of CADD
106.
resist a transverse force, having a maximum value at the Bond coat the material is reached. Acronym for computer~aided design and drafting.
84.
surface furthest from the neutral axis. A thin coat of mortar for bonding ceramic tile to a backing. Buckling load Calcine
Bézier curve Bond course 98. The axial load at a which a column begins to deflect To heat a substance to a high temperature but without
107.
70. Any of class of mathematically derived curves developed 85. A continuous course of headers or bondstones laterally and becomes unstable. melting or fusing to drive off volatile matter or to cause
by french engineer pierre bézier for cad/cam operations. overlapping more than one wythe of masonry. Building information modeling oxidation or reduction.
Bifurcation Boolean difference A digital technology for creating, managing, coordinating, Camber
The critical point at which a column, carrying its critical A subtractive process that removes or carves out the and optimizing building data, using a database of project A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam,
71. 86. 108.
buckling load, may either buckle or remain undeflected. common volume from either one or the other of the information and three-dimensional, dynamic modeling girder, or truss to compensate for an anticipated
The column is therefore in a state of neutral equilibrium. selected solids. software to facilitate the exchange and interoperability of deflection.
Bisque Boolean intersection building information, including building geometry, spatial Camber piece
72. Earthenware or porcelain that has been fired once but not 87. Is a process that creates a new solid based on the relationship, lighting analysis, geographic information, 109. A board used as centering for a flat arch, slightly crowned
99.
glazed. Also called biscuit. common volume shared by two or more selected solids. and quantities and properties of building materials and to allow for settling of the arch.
Bisque-fired Boolean operations computers, Building information modeling software can Camera resolution
73. be used for the life-cycle of a building from design to
Fired to harden a clay body. Any of a number of operations based on boolean logic The resolution at which the electronic sensor of a digital
Bit 88. and used in computer modeling to form more complex visualization studies, production of contract documents, camera captures an image, expressed in megapixels or
Contraction of binary+ digit: a variable or computed objects from a set of primitives, such as the simulation and analysis of building performance, how many millions of pixels it can record in a single
coordination of the construction process, and 110.
74. quantity that can have only two possible values, such as cube,cylinder,sphere,pyramid, or cone. image. Or example, a camera that captures 1600x1200
the binary digits, 0 and 1, or logical values, such as Boolean union management of facilities operation. Abb.:BIM pixels produces an image with a resolution of 1.92
true/false, yes/no, or on/off. An additive process that combines two or more individual millions pixels, which is rounded up to 2 megapixels for
Bit depth 89. and separate solids into a single new solid that consists marketing purposes.
The number of bits available for representing the color of of both the common and uncommon volumes of the Campanile
75. 111. A bell tower, usually one near but not attached to the
a single pixel in a raster or bitmapped image. The more selected solids.
bits per pixel, the more colors can be displayed. Boundary cable body of a church.
90. A cable for anchoring a set of secondary cables in a Camp ceiling
112.
suspension structure. A ceiling having the form of a truncated pyramid.

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Cancelli
113. A low screen in an early christian basilica, separating the
clergy and sometimes the choir from the congregation.
Cantharus
114. A basin of a ritual cleansing with a water in the atrium of
an early christian basilica.
Cantilever
A beam or other rigid structural member extending
115.
beyond a fulcrum and supported by a balancing member
or a downward force behind the fulcrum.
Cantiliver beam
116.
A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end.
Cap
117.
A similar projection at the top is called
Capitals
118.
Caps of piers and columns are called
Catenary
The curve assumed by a perfectly flexible, uniform cable
119. suspended freely from two points not in the same vertical
line. For a load that is uniformly distributed in a horizontal
projection, the curve approaches that of a parabola.
Cathedral
120. The principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's
throne called the.....
Cellar
A room or set of rooms for the storage of food, fuel, or the
121.
like, wholly or partly underground and usually beneath a
building.
Cellar
A room or set of rooms for the storage of the food, fuel, or
122.
the like, wholly or partly underground and usually beneath
a building.
Cement
A calcined mixture of clay and limestone, finely pulverized
123.
and used as an ingredient in concrete and mortar. The
term is frequently used incorrectly for concrete.
Centering
124. A temporary framework for supporting a masonry arch or
vault during construction until the work can support itself.
Ceramic bond
A thermochemical bond between materials resulting from
125.
exposure to temperatures approaching the fusion point of
the mixture.
Ceramic mosaic tile
Small ceramic tile having a porcelain or natural clay body,
126. glazed for surfacing walls or unglazed for use on both
floors and walls, and usually face or back - mounted on
sheets to facilitate handling and speed installation.
Ceramic tile
127. Any of various fired clay tile used for surfacing walls,
floors, and countertops.
Ceramic ware
128. Any of various products made by firing clay or similar
materials in a kiln, such as brick, tile, and pottery.
VISUAL DICTIONARY
Chancel Close Computer-aided design
The space about the altar of a church for the clergy and 145. An enclosed place, esp. The land surrounding or beside a The use of computer technology in the design of real or
129.
choir, often elevated above the nave and separated from cathedral. virtual jects and enviroments. The tern includes a variety
it by a railing or screen. Closer of software and hardware technologles, from the
159.
Chantry 146. A masonry unit specially formed or cut to finish a course vector~based drawing and drafting of lines and figures in
A chapel endowed for the saying of masses and prayers or complete the bond at the corner of a wall two dimensional space(2D CAD) to the modeling and
130.
for the souls of the founders or of persons named by Cmyk animation of surfaces and solids in three-dimensional (3D
them. 147. Acronym for the four colored inks used in the printing CAD) space. Abbr.: CAD
Chapel process-cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. Computer aided manufacturing
131. A separately dedicated part of a church for private prayer, Cnc router The use of computer technology to control the operations
meditation, or small religious services. Computer numerical control router. A machine tool or of a manufacturing plant, esp. The control of machine
160. tools. Advantages of computer aided manufacturing
Chapter 148. other powered mechanical device driven and controlled
132. An assembly of the monks in a monastery, or the by a computer program to fabricate components, esp. By include greater precision, efficiency, and material
consistency, and a reduction in energy consumption and
members of a religious house or order. the milling of plywood and other sheet materials.
Chapter house Coffer waste.
Computer modeling
The place where the chapter of a cathedral or monastery One of a number of recessed, usually square or
133. 149. The use of computer technology and mathematical
meets, usually a building attached to or a hall forming part octagonal panels in a ceiling, soffit, or vault. Also called
of the cathedral or monastery. caisson, lacunar algorithms to create abstract models of systems and
Chevet Colonnade processes to simulate their behavior. For architectural
150. 161.
134. The rounded east end of a gothic cathedral, including the A series of columns is called applications, computer modeling software enables the
apse and ambulatory. Colonnade creation and manipulation of virtual, three-dimensional
China 151. A series of regularly spaced columns supporting an models of existing or proposed buildings and
135. A translucent ceramic material, bisque-fired at a high entablature and usually one side of a roof structure. environments for analysis, testing and appraisal.
temperature and glaze-fired at a lower temperature. Color scheme Computer simulation
Choir 152. An arrangement or pattern of colors conceived of as The computer modeling of a natural, human, or
136. The part of a church occupied by the singers of a choir, forming an integrated whole. 162. engineering system to predict and evaluate its behavior
and performance,esp. When too complex for conventional
usually part of the chancel. Color triangle
Christianity A triangular diagram developed by faber birren to analytic solutions.
The religion founded on the teachings of jesus christ, describe the relationship between a pure hue, white, and Concealed grid
137. A metal grid supporting the acoustical tiles of a
including the catholic, protestant, and eastern orthodox black, which combine to yield secondary tints, tones, 163.
153. suspended ceiling, hidden within kerfs cut into the edges
churches. shades, and grays. All colors may be subjectively
Chroma conceived as a mixture of the psychological of the tiles.
The degree by which a color differs from a gray of the primaries-red, yellow, green, and blue- plus the Constructing Architecture
138. 164. The conscious act of forming things, resulting in a
same lightness or brightness, corresponding to saturation achromatic pair of white and black.
unifying or coherent structure.
of the perceived color. Color wheel
City planning 154. A circular scale of the colors of spectrum, showing Continuous beam
The activity or profession of determining the future complementary colors opposite each other. A beam extending over more than two supports in order
165.
physical arrangement and condition of a community, Combined stresses to develop greater rigidly and smaller moments than a
139. involving an appraisal of the current conditions, a forecast A set of tensile and compressive stresses resulting from series of simple beams having similar spans and loading.
of future requirements, a plan for the fulfillment of these 155. the superposition of axial and bending stresses at a cross Cool
requirements, and proposals for legal, financial, and section of a structural member, acting in the same 166. Designating a color inclined toward or dominated by
constructional programs to implement the plan. direction and equal at any point to their algebraic sum. green, blue, or violet.
Claim Common bond Corbel arch
140. A false arch constructed by corbeling courses from each
To assert or demand recognition or possession. 156. A brickwork bond having a course headers between
Clear span every five or six courses of stretchers. 167. side of an opening until they meet at a midpoint where a
141. The distance between the inner faces of the supports of a Common brick capstone is laid to complete the work. The stepped
span. Brick made for general building purposes and not reveals may be smoothed, but no arch action is effected.
157. Cornice
Clinker specially treated for color and texture. Also called building
142. A fused mass of incombustible matter resulting from brick. 168. If the wall also projects to support the extension of the
heating in a kiln or the burning of coal. Complementary color roof , the projection called
Clinker 158. One of a pair of opposing colors on a color wheel, Corona
143. 169. The principal member of a cornice, which projects like a
A dense, hard- burned brick used esp. For paving. perceived as completing or enhancing each other.
Cloister shelf and crowns the wall, is called
144. A covered walk having an arcade or colonnade on one
side opening onto a courtyard.
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Corps de logis Cymk color model Double cable structure Effective length factor
In french architecture, a term describing the central A color model in which the four colored inks used in color A suspension structure having upper and lower sets of A coefficient for modifying the actual length of a column
170.
element of a building as opposed to its subsidiary wings printing - cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. Subtract 198. cables of different curvatures, pretensioned by ties or according to its end conditions in order to determine its
214.
and pavilions. brightness from the typically white background of the compression struts to make the system more rigid and effective length. Fixing both ends of a long column
Cortile paper, with black resulting from the full combination of resistant to flutter. reduces its effective length by half and increases its load
171. 186.
A large or principal courtyard of an italian palazzo. colored inks. Each of these colors absorbs certain Double complementary carrying capacity by a factor of 4.
Court wavelengths of light, with the colors we see being the 199. A combination of two analogous colors and their Effective span
172. An area open to the sky and mostly or entirely colors that are not absorbed. By using a halftone of dots complementary colors on a color wheel. 215. The center-to-center distance between the supports of a
surrounded by walls or buildings. for each color, the full spectrum of printed colors can be Double curvature structure span.
Courtyard achieved. A suspension structure composed of a field of crossed Ell
216.
173. A court adjacent to or within a building, esp. One Dark cables of different and often reverse curvatures. Each set A wing at right angles to the length of a building.
200.
enclosed on all four sides. Designating a color having low lightness and low of cables has a different natural period of vibration, thus Enamel
187.
Cove saturation, and reflecting only a small fraction of incident forming a self-dampening system that is more resistant to A vitreous, usually opaque, decorative or protective
light. 217.
A Concave surface forming part of a ceiling at its edge so flutter. coating applied by fusion to the surface of metal, glass, or
174. Deck
as to eliminate the usual interior angle between the wall Double hanging beam pottery.
201.
and the ceiling. 188. An open, unroofed porch or platform extending from a A simple beam extending beyond both of its supports. Engineered brick
Cove ceiling house or other building. Drift 218. A brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 31/5 x 8 in. (102
175. Deep
A ceiling having a cove. The thrust of an arched structure on its abutments. x 81 x 203mm).
202.
Crawl space 189. Designating a color having low lightness and strong Proportional to the total load and span, and inversely Engineering
An area in a building having a clearance less than human saturation. propotional to the rise. The art and science of applying scientific principles to
219.
176. height, but accessible by crawling, esp. Such a space Deflection Drop arch practical ends in the design and construction of
below the first floor that is enclosed by the foundation The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates 203. A pointed arch having two centers and radii less than the structures, machines, and systems.
walls. from a true course under tranverse loading. Increasing span. English bond
190.
Critical buckling load with a load and span, and decreasing with an increase in Drop ceiling A brickwork bond having alternate courses of headers
The maximum axial load that can theoretically be applied the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of 204. A secondary ceiling formed to provide space for piping or 220. and stretchers in which the headers are centered on
to a column without causing it to buckle. The critical elasticity of the material. ductwork, or to alter the proportions of a room stretchers and the joints between stretchers line up
177. Designing Architecture
buckling load for a column is inversely proportional to the Dry press process vertically in all courses.
square of its effective length, and directly proportional to 191. The profession of designing buildings and other habitable The process of forming brick by molding relatively dry English cross bond
the moment of inertia of the cross section. environments. 205. clay having a moisture content of 5% to 7% under high A modified english bond in which the head joints in the
221.
Critical buckling stress Diaconicon pressure, resulting in sharp-edged, smooth-surfaced stretching courses are offset by half the length of a
178. The critical buckling load for a column divided by the area 192. A sacristy in an early christian or eastern church, usually bricks. stretcher
of its cross section. on the south side of the bema. Earthware Entrained air
206.
Crocket Dicalcium silicate Low fired, opaque, nonvitreous ceramic ware. Microscopic, spherical air bubbles, typically 0.004 to 0.04
222.
A projecting ornament, usually in the form of curved A compound constituting about one quarter of the volume Eaves in. (0.1 to 1.0mm) in diameter, intentionally dispersed in a
179. 193.
foliage, used esp. In gothic architecture to decorate the of portland cement and responsible for the aging or long 207. If the roof extends beyond the wall that supports it, the concrete or mortar mix by an air-entraining agent.
outer angles of pinnacles, spires, and gables. term gain in strength of the cement. projection is called Environmental design
Crossing Digital fabrication Eccentricity The ordering of the physical environment by means of
223.
180. The intersection of the nave and transept in a cruciform The use of 3d modeling software and a cnc router, a laser 208. The amount by which an axis deviates from another architecture, engineering, construction, landscape
church. 194. cutter, or z plotter to fabricate a physical object or parallel axis. architecture, urban design, and city planning.
Cross-in-square component . The nature of the process encourages Economy brick Equilateral arch
A typical byzantine church plan having nine bays. The generative strategies. 209. A modular brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 4 x 8 224. A pointed arch having two centers and radii equal to the
181. center bay is large square surmounted by a dome; the Digital lighting in. (102 x 102 x 203mm) span.
smaller square corner bays are domed or vaulted; and Any of a range of digital techniques for modeling and Edifice Equilateral arch
195.
the rectangular side bays are barrel vaulted. simulating the lighting of three dimensional forms and 210. A building, esp. One of large size, massive structure, or
Cross tee spaces. imposing appearance.
A secondary member of the grid supporting a suspended Display resolution Effective length
182. The resolution at which a computer monitor displays an 211.
ceiling system , usually a sheet metal tee carried by the ...
main runners image, which may be specified by the number of pixels Effective length
Crown 196. per inch (ppi) that can be displayed in each direction (e.g. The distance between inflection points in a column 225.
183. The highest part or point of a convex construction, such A pixel density of 96ppi), or by the number of columns 212. subject to buckling. The effective length of a column
as an arch, vault, or roadway. and rows of pixels per inch (ppi) creating the display(e.g. determines its critical buckling load.when this portion of a
Crypt Pixel dimension 1280x800). column buckles, the entire column fails.
184. An underground chamber or vault used as a burial place, Dosseret Effective length
esp. One beneath the main floor of a church. 197. A thickened abacus or supplementary capital set above a The distance between inflection points in the span of a
column capital to receive the thrust of an arch. 213. A pointed arch having two centers and radii equal to the
Cull fixed-end or continuous beam, equivalent in nature to the
185. span.
A brick or timber rejected as being of inferior quality. actual length of a simply supported beam.

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Esonarthex Firmness Font Galilee

226. 243.
An inner narthex when two are present. The state or equality of being solidly constructed. 258. A basin, usually of stone, holding the water used in 272. A small porch used as a chapel for penitents at the west
Exedra First floor baptism. end of sone medieval english churches.
227. A large apsidal extension of the interior volumn of a The ground floor of a building. In Britain and elsewhere, Forecourt Galleria
244.
church. the first floor is the floor immediately above the ground 259. A courtyard before the entrance to a building or a group 273. A spacious promenade , court, indoor mall, usually having
Exonarthex floor. of buildings. a vaulted roof with commercial establishments.
228. A covered walk or outer narthex situated before an inner Fixed arch French arch Gallery
245.
narthex. A fixed frame structure having an arched form. 260. A flat arch having voussoirs inclined to the same angles 274. A roofed promenade, esp. One extending inside or
Exposed grid Fixed-end beam on each side of the center. outside along the exterior wall of a building.
229. A metal grid of inverted tees supporting the acoustical A beam having both ends restrained against translation Frieze Garden wall bond
tiles of a suspended ceiling. 246. and rotation. The fixed ends transfer bending stresses, 261. Above it, between the architrave and the cornice , there is A brickwork bond for lightly loaded boundary walls,
Extrados increase the rigidity of the beam, and reduce its maximum generally a little strip of wall called 275. having a sequence of a header and three stretchers in
230. The exterior curve, surface, or boundary of the visible deflection. Frit each course, with each header being centered over a
face of an arch. Flare header A fused or partially fused material that is ground to header in alternate courses.
262.
Facade 247. A brick having a darker end exposed as a header in introduce a soluble or unstable ingredient into glazes or Gargoyle
The front of a building or any of its sides facing a public patterned brickwork. enamels. A grotesquely carved figure of a human or animal esp.
231.
way or space, esp. One distinguished by its architectural Flashing Front 276. One with an open mouth that serves as a spout and
263.
treatment. 248. Firing brick units alternately with too much or too little air To face in a specific direction or look out upon. projects from a gutter to throw rainwater clear of a
Facing brick to vary their face color. Frontispiece building.
232. Brick made of special clays for facing a wall, often treated Flat arch A principal facade, or a part or feature of a facade, often Garth
264. 277.
to produce the desired color and surface texture. An arch having a horizontal intrados with voussoirs treated as a separate element of the design and A courtyard or quadrangle enclosed by a cloister.
249.
False front radiating from a center below, often built with a slight highlighted by ornamentation. Gauge
233. 278.
A facade falsifying the size or importance of a building. camber to allow for settling. Fts To chip or rub stones or bricks to a certain size or shape.
FBA Flemish bond Structural facing tile suitable for exposed exterior and Gazebo
Facing brick suitable for use where particular effects are A brickwork bond having alternating headers and interior masonry walls and partitions where moderate 279. A freestanding roofed structure, usually open on the
234. 250. 265.
desired resulting from nonuniformity in size, color, and stretchers in each course,each header being centered absorption, slight variation in face dimensions, minor sides, affording shade and rest in a garden or park.
texture of the individual units. above and below a stretcher. defects in surface finish, and medium color range are Glaze
FBS Flemish cross bond acceptable. 280. A vitreous layer or coating fused to clay body to color,
Facing brick suitable for use where a wider color range A modified flemish bond having courses of alternate Ftx decorate, waterproof, or strengthen its surface.
235. 251.
and greater variation in size are permitted than for type headers and stretchers alternating with stretching Smooth structural facing tile suitable for exposed exterior Glazed wall tile
FBX courses. and interior masonry walls and partitions where low Ceramic tile having a nonvitreous body and a bright,
266. 281.
FBX Flemish diagonal bond absorption and stain resistance are required, and where a matte, or crystalline glaze, used for surfacing interior
Facing brick suitable for use where a minimum variation 252. A form of flemish cross bond in which the courses are high degree of mechanical perfection, minimum variation walls and light-duty floors.
236. in face dimensions, and narrow color range are desired.
in a size, narrow color range, and high degree of offset to form a diamond pattern. Glaze-fired
282.
mechanical perfection are required. Flexure formula Funicular arch Fired to fuse a glaze to clay body
Fenestration A formula defining the relationship between bending 267. An arch shaped to develop only axial compression under Global illumination
253.
237. The design, proportioning, and disposition of windows moment, bending stress, and the cross-sectional a given loading. A computationally intensive digital technique that uses
and other exterior openings of a building. properties of a beam. Funicular curve sophisticated algorithms to more accurately simulate the
Fieche Floor 268. The shape assumed by a freely deforming cable in direct illumination of a space or scene by taking into account not
238. A slender spire rising from the ridge of a roof, esp. One A continuous supporting surface extending horizontally response to a uniformly distributed load. 283. only the light rays that are emitted directly from one or
254.
above the crossing of a gothic church. throughout a building, having a number of rooms and Funicular polygon more sources but also tracking the light rays as they are
Finial consulting one level in the structure. 269. The shape assumed by a freely deforming cable in direct reflected or refracted from one surface to another,
239. A relatively small, usually foliated ornament terminating Floor Response to a set of concentrated loads. especially the diffuse inter-reflections that occur among
the peak of a spire or pinnacle. A continuous supporting surface extending horizontally Funicular shape the surfaces in a space or scene.
255.
Firebrick throughout a building, having a number if rooms and The shape assumed by a freely deforming cable in direct Gothic arch
240. A brick made of fire clay and used for lining furnaces and constituting one level in the structure. 270. response to the magnitude and location of external
fireplaces. Fly ash forces. A cable always adapts its shape so that it is in
Fire clay 256. Fine particles of ash recovered from the waste gases of a pure tension under the action of an applied load.
A refractory clay used in the making of firebricks, solid-fuel furnace. Funicular structures
241. A structure shaped to carry or support a given loading by
crucibles, and other objects exposed to high Folly 284.
temperatures. A whimsical or extravagant structure built to serve as a either axial tension or compression. For any given loading
271.
Firing 257. conversation piece, lend interest to a view, or condition, there is only one general funicular shape. If the
242. The process of hardening or glazing ceramic ware by commemorate a person or event, found esp. In 18th- loading pattern changes, bending is induced in the
heating in a kiln to a specified temperature. century england. structure.
A pointed arch. Esp. One having two centers and equal
radii.

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Gothic arch Horizontal shearing stress Interior Design Lady chapel

285. A pointed arch. Esp. One having two centers and equal The shearing stress developed to prevent slippage along The art, business, or profession of planning the design A chapel dedicated to the virgin mary, usually located
328.
radii. 302. horizontal planes of a beam under transverse loading, 313. and supervising the execution of architectural interiors, behind the high altar of a cathedral at the extremity of the
Gray equal at any point to the vertical shearing stress at that including their color schemes, furnishings, fittings, apse.
286.
An achromatic color between white and black. point. finishes, and sometimes architectural features. Lag
Gray scale Horseshoe arch Interlacing arcade 329. A crosspiece connecting the ribs in a centering. Also
287. A scale of achromatic colors having several, usually ten, An arcade, esp. A blind one, composed of arches resting called BOLSTER.
314.
equal gradations ranging from white to black. on alternate supports and overlapping in series where Lanai
330.
Ground floor they cross. A veranda, esp. One used as a living room.
288.
The floor of a building at or nearest to ground level. Intermediate column Lancet arch
Guy cable 303. A column having a mode of failure between that of a short 331. A pointed arch having two centers and radii greater than
315.
A cable for absorbing the horizontal component of thrust column and a long column, often partly inelastic by the span.
289. crushing and partly elastic by buckling.
in a suspension or cable-stayed structure and transferring Lancet arch
the force to a ground foundation. Intrados
Half story An arch having an intrados that widens above the 316. The inner curve or surface of an arch forming the
290. A usable living space within a sloping roof, usually having springing before narrowing to a rounded crown. concave underside.
dormer windows for lighting. Horseshoe arch Inverted catenary
Half-story 304. An arch having an intrados that widens above the 317. Is the funicular shape for an arch carrying a vertical load
291. A usable living space within a sloping roof, usually having springing before narrowing to a rounded crown. uniformly distributed along the length of the arch axis.
dormer windows for lighting. Hue Jumbo brick
One of the three dimensions of color. The property of light 332.
Hard burned 318. Any of various oversized bricks having nominal
292. Fired at a high temperature to near vitrification and having 305. by which the color of an object is classified as being red, dimensions established by the manufacturer.
relatively low absorption and high compressive strength. yellow, green, or blue, or an intermediate between any Kaolin
Haunch contiguous pair of these colors. 319. A fine white clay used in the manufacture of porcelain and
The part of a beam that is thickened or deepened to Hydraulic cement white portland cement. Also called china clay
develop greater moment resistance. The efficiency of a 306. Cement capable of setting and hardening by a reaction Kerf
293. with water. A pointed arch having two centers and radii greater than
beam can be increased by shaping its length in response 320. A groove cut into edges of an acoustical tile to receive a
to the moment and shear values, which typically vary long Icon spline or t-shaped member of a supporting grid. the span.
its longitudinal axis. A representation of a sacred christian personage, such as Kern Landscape architecture
Haunch 307. christ or saint or angel, typically painted on a wood The central area of any horizontal section of a column or The art, business, or protection of designing, arranging,
surface and itself venerated as being sacred, esp. In the 333.
294. Either side of an arch curving down from the crown to the wall within which the resultant of all compressive loads or modifying the features of a landscape for aesthetic or
tradition of the eastern church. 321. practical reasons.
impost. must pass if only compressive stresses are to be present
Header Iconostasis in the section. A compressive load applied beyond this Laser cutter
295. A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall 308. A screen or partition on which icons are placed, area will cause tensile stresses to develop in the section. A machine that uses a computer controlled laser to cut,
with the shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface. separating the bema from the nave of an eastern church. Kern point 334. bore, or engrave such sheet materials as paperboard,
Heading course Impost 322. A point on either side of the centroidal axis of a horizontal basswood, and plexiglass. Industrial grade laser cutters
296. 309. The uppermost part of an abutment, often in the form of a column or wall section defining the limits of the kern area. can also be used on structural and piping materials.
A continuous course of headers in brickwork.
Hermitage block, capital, or molding, from which an arch springs. Keystone Lateral bracing
The dwelling of a hermit; more generally, a secluded Industry Foundation Classes The wedge-shaped, often embelished voussoir at the The bracing of a column or other compression member to
297. An open specification for an object-oriented file format for 323. 335. reduce its effective length. Lateral bracing is most
place of residence or habitation for a religious person or crown of an arch, serving to lock the other voussoirs in
group. BIM modeling, develop and maintained by place. effective when the bracing pattern occurs in more than
High altar 310. buildingSMART International ( formerly the International Kiln one plane.
298. Alliance for Interoperability) to facilitate interoperability A furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying Lateral buckling
The main altar of a church. 324.
High-rise among software platforms in the building industry. something, esp. One for firing pottery, baking bricks, or The buckling of a structural member induced by
Abb.:IFC 336.
299. Describing a building having a comparatively large drying timber. compressive stresses acting on a slender portion
number of stories and equipped with elevators. Inflection point King closer insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction.
Hip A point at which a structure changes curvature from 325. A three quarter brick for finishing a course or for spacing Lattice
300. If two walls make a projecting angle, their roofs intersect 311. convex to concave or vice versa as it deflects under a regular bricks 337. A structure of crossed strips arranged to form a regular
in an inclined line called a transverse load, theoretically, an internal hinge and Labyrinth pattern of open spaces.
therefore a point of zero moment. 326. A mazelike pattern inlaid in the pavement of a medieval LB
Hollow tile
Any of various cellular building units of fired clay, Integrated ceiling church. Load-bearing structural clay tile suitable for masonry
301. A suspended ceiling system incorporating acoustical, Lacunar 338. walls not exposed to frost action, or in exposed masonry
concrete, or gypsum, used for building walls, floors, and 312.
roofs, or for fireproofing steelwork. lighting, and air-handling components into a unified 327. A ceiling, soffit, or vault adorned with a pattern of where protected by a facing of 3 in.(76.2 mm) or more of
whole. recessed panels. stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.

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LbX Low-rise Monochromatic NW

339. Load bearing structural clay tile suitable for masonry walls
exposed to weathering or frost action.
Lean -to
340.
A roof with one slope is called..
Lenticular structure
A lens-shaped structure having the outward thrusts of an
341.
arch balanced by the inward pulls of a cable, resulting in
no net lateral forces at the supports.
Lightness
The dimension of color by which an object appears to
342. reflect more or less of the incident light, varying from
black to white for surface colors and from black to
colorless for transparent volume colors.
Linear diffuser
A long, narrow diffuser designed to disperse air through
343.
slots between the panels of an integrated ceiling system
also slot diffuser.
Linear metal ceiling
A suspended ceiling system of narrow metal strips,
344.
usually incorporating modular lighting and air-handling
components.
Line of thrust
The set of resultants of thrust and weight each part of an
345. arch imposes on the next lower one. For bending to be
eliminated throughout an arch, the line of thrust must
coincide with the arch axis.
Local illumination
A basic level of ray tracing that is limited to direct
illumination and ambient light rays. Local illumination
346.
does not take into account the diffuse inter-reflection of
light among the surfaces in a three dimensional space or
scene.
Loft
347.
A gallery or upper level in a church or hall.
Loft
One of the upper floors of a warehouse or factory typically
348. unpartitioned and sometimes converted or adapted to
other uses, such as living quarters, artists' studios, or
exhibition galleries.
Loft building
A building having several floors with large areas of
349. unobstructed space, originally rented out for light
industrial purposes and now frequently converted to
residential occupancy.
Loggia
A colonnaded or arcaded space within the body of a
350.
building but open to the air on one side, often at an upper
story overlooking an open court.
Long column
351. A slender column subject to failure by buckling rather
than by crushing.
Louvered ceiling
352. A suspended ceiling of multicellular louvers for shielding
the light sources mounted above it.
353. Describing a building having one, two , or three stories
and usually no elevator.
Luminous ceiling
354. A suspended ceiling of translucent panels for diffusing the
light from luminaries mounted above it.
Main runner
A principal member of the grid supporting a suspended
355.
ceiling system, usually a sheet-metal channel or tee
suspended by hanging wires from the overhead structure.
Mall
A section of a street, typically in the downtown area of a
356.
city, from which vehicular traffic is excluded and used as
a public walk or promenade.
Martyrium
357. A church or other edifice erected over the tomb of a
martyr.
Masonry arch
358.
An arch constructed of individual stone or brick voussoirs.
Mast
A vertical or inclined compression member in a
suspension or cable stayed structure, supporting the sum
359. of the vertical force components in the primary and guy
cables. Inclining the mast enables it to pick up some of
the horizontal cable thrust and reduces the force in the
guy cables.
Merge
360. To combine, blend, or unite gradually by stages so as to
blur identity or distinctions.
Metal pan
An acoustical tile consisting of a steel or aluminum pan
361.
having a perforated face and containing a separate layer
of sound-absorbing material.
Mezzanine
A low or partial story between two main stories of a
362.
building, esp. One that projects as a balcony and forms a
composition with the story beneath it.
Middle third rule
The proposition that a compressive load should be
363. located within the middle third of a horizontal section of a
column or wall to prevent tensile stresses from
developing in the section.
Mid-rise
364. Describing a building having a moderately large number
of stories, usually 5 to 10, and equipped with elevators.
Modular brick
365. A brick having nominal dimensions of 4x2 2/3 x 8 in. (102
x 68 x 203mm)
Moment diagram
A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of
366.
the bending moments present in a structure for a given
set of transverse loads and support conditions.
Moment of inertia
367. The sum of the products of each element of an area and
the square of its distance from a coplanar axis of rotation.
368. Having only one color or exhibiting varying intensities and 383. Brick suitable for exposure to negligible weathering, as
values of a single hue. when used as a backup or in interior masonry.
Munsell system Ogee arch
A system for specifying colors arranged in three orderly 384. A pointed arch, each haunch of which is a double curve
scales of uniform visual steps according to hue, chroma, with the concave side uppermost.
369.
and value, developed in 1890 by albert h. Munsell. Hue Ogee arch
extends in a rotary direction about a central axis through
a spectrum of five major and five secondary hues.
MW
Brick suitable for exposure to moderate weathering, as
370.
when used above grade on surfaces unlikely to be
permeated with water in subfreezing temperatures.
Narthex
385.
A portico or vestibule before the nave of an early christian
371.
or byzantine church, occupied by those not yet
christened.
National Building Information Model Standard
A project the buildingSMART alliance to develop a series
of open-source national standards and guidance for all
372. A pointed arch, each haunch of which is a double curve
aspects of building information modeling for the
architecture, engineering, construction, and facilities with the concave side uppermost.
management industries. Abbr.: NBIMS OmniClass
National Building Information Model Standard Trademark for a construction classification structure for
373. 386.
... electronic databases, incorporating other extant systems
Natural cement currently in use, such as MasterFormat and UniFormat.
374. A naturally occurring clayey limestone that, when calcined Onion dome
and finely pulverized, produces a hydraulic cement. A bulbous, domelike roof terminating in a sharp point,
387.
Nave used esp. In russian orthodox church architecture to
The principal or central part or church, extending from the cover a cupola or tower.
375. Optical mixing
narthex to the choir or chancel and usually flanked by
The merging of juxtaposed dots or strokes of pure colors
aisles. 388.
Negative moment when seen from a distance to produce a hue often more
376. A bending moment that produces a convex curvature at a luminous than that available from a premixed pigment.
Order
section of a structure.
389. Any of several concentric rings of masonry forming an
Negative shear
A net resultant of shear forces that acts vertically arch, esp. When each projects beyond the one below.
377. Orientation
downward on the left part of the structure being
considered. The position of a building on a site in relation to true
Neutral axis 390. north, to points on the compass, to a specific place or site
An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the feature, or to local conditions of sunlight, wind, and
378. drainage.
cross section of a beam or other member subject to
bending, along which no bending stresses occur. Overhanging beam
391.
Nominal dimension A simple beam extending beyond one its supports.
379. A brick dimension larger than the actual dimension to Palazzo
account for the thickness of a mortar joint. 392. A large, imposing public building or private residence,
Nonvitreous esp. In italy.
380. Pale
Having water absorption greater than 7%
Norman brick 393. Designating a color having high lightness and low
381. A brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 2 2/3 x 12 in. saturation.
Parabola
(102 x 68 x 305mm)
Norwegian brick 394. The funicular shape for an arch carrying a vertical load
382. A brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 31/5x 12 in. uniformly distributed over its horizontal projection.
(102 x 81 x 305mm) Paradise
395.
An atrium or cloister beside a church.

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Parametric modelling Plenum Portland cement mortar Quarry tile

Computer modeling that used rules and constraints to The space between a suspended ceiling and the floor A field mix of portland cement, sand water, and 440. Unglazed ceramic floor tile having a natural clay body.
425.
define and represent the attributes and behaviors of a structure above, esp. One thar serves as a receiving sometimes hydrated lime, used for leveling or setting Also called promenade tile.
413.
396. three dimensional object or building and to maintain chamber for conditioned air to be distributed to inhabited ceramic tile in the thick -set process. Queen closer
consistent relationships and interactions among its spaces or for return air to be conveyed back to a central Positive moment 441. A brick of half the normal width used for completing a
elements and components. Also called feature based plant for processing. 426. A bending moment that produces a concave curvature at course or for spacing regular bricks.
modeling. Pointed arch a section of a structure. Radiosity
414.
Parapet An arch having a pointed crown. Positive shear A global illumination algorithm for rendering all of the
397.
A low wall Pointed arch 427. A net resultant of shear forces that acts vertically upward luminous energy emitted and reflected from the diffuse
Parterre on the left part of the structure being considered. surfaces in a scene, based on a detailed analysis of the
398. An ornamental arrangement of flower beds of different Post rate of transfer of radiant energy between the surfaces.
428.
shapes and sizes. A short piece of wall bout as long as it thick is called 442. Considered to be more accurate but also more
Patio Post computationally intensive than ray tracing, Radiosity
399. A courtyard, esp. Of a house, enclosed by low buildings, 429. A stiff vertical support, esp. A wooden column in timber assumes that all surfaces emit and reflect energy
arcades, or walls. framing. uniformly over their entire area, and that all of the energy
Paver tile Postern in an environment can be accounted for through
400. Unglazed ceramic floor tile similar in composition to 415. 430. A private or side entrance, as one for pedestrians next to absorption and reflection.
ceramic mosaic tile but thicker and larger in surface area. a porte cachere. Radius of gyration
Pavilion Pozzolan The radial distance from any axis to a point at which the
A projecting subdivision of a facade, usually accented by A siliceous material, such as fly ash, that reacts mass of a body could be concentrated without altering the
401. 443. moment of inertia of the body about that axis. For
more eleborate decoration or greater height and chemically with slaked lime in the presence of moisture to
431. structural section, the radius of gyration is equal to the
distinction of skyline. form a slow-hardening cement, named after a natural
Pavilion cement from pozzuoli, an ancient roman town near square root of the quotient of the moment of inertia and
402. the area.
A small, often ornamental building in a garden. vesuvius.
P-delta effect An arch having a pointed crown. Presbytery Rammed earth
432. A stiff mixture of clay, sand or other agreggate, and
An additional moment developed in a structural member Polychromatic The part of a church reserved for the officiating clergy. 444.
416. water, compressed and dried within forms as a wall
403. as its longitudinal axis deviates from the line of action of a Having or exhibiting a variety of colors. Primary cable
compressive force, equal to the product of the load and Porcelain 433. One of the pretensioned cables directly supporting the construction.
the member deflection at any point. A hard, vitreous, translucent ceramic material consisting load on a suspension structure. Rampant arch
417. 445.
Pergola essentially of kaolin, feldspar, and quartz, fired at a very Primary color An arch having one impost higher than the other.
A structure of parallel colonnades supporting an open high temperature. 434. Any of a set of colors, such as red, yellow, and blue, Rapid prototyping
404. Any of various techniques for fabricating physical objects
roof of beams and crossing rafters or trelliswork, over Porcelain enamel regarded as generating all other colors.
which climbing plants are trained to grow. 418. An opaque, glass coating bonded to metal by fusing at Principal stresses using the data from a cad drawing or virtual 3d model and
Piano nobile high temperature also called vitreous enamel The tensile and compressive stresses resulting from the 446. additive manufacturing technology to lay down
435. successive layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material,
The principal story of a large building, such as a palace or Porch interaction of bending and shear stresses at a cross
405. which are glued or fused together to create the final
villa, with formal reception and dining rooms, usually one 419. An exterior appendage to a building, forming a covered section of a beam.
flight above the ground floor. approach or vestibule to a doorway. Print resolution physical model.
Piazza Portal The resolution at which an imagesetter, laser printer, or Raster image
406. An open square or public place in a city or town, esp. In 420. A doorway, gate, or entrance, esp. An imposing one other printing device can produce text and graphics, 447. A digital image that consists of a grid of closely spaced
italy. emphasized by size and stately architectural treatment. usually measured in dots of ink or toner per inch (dpi). pixels.
436. Raster images
Pier Porte cochere Most printers print the same number of dots horizontally
407. Are typically characterized by pixel width and height and
A tall post is called A porch roof projecting over a window a driveway at the and vertically. For example, a 600 dpi printer will place
421. 600 tiny little dots across a horizontal inch and 600 dots in by the number of bits per pixel, and can be stored in
Pillar entrance to a building and sheltering those getting in or 448.
An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of out of vehicles. a vertical inch. various file formats and viewed on a monitor, projected on
408. screen, or printed on paper. The prime example was
brick or stone, used as a building support or standing Porte cochere Promenade
alone as a monument. 422. A vehicular passageway leading through a building of 437. An area used for a stroll or walk, esp. In a public place, as digital photographs.
Piloti screen wall into an interior courtyard. for pleasure or display. Ray casting
409. Any of a series of columns supporting a building above an Portico Prothesis A digital technique for analyzing the three dimensional
open ground level. 423. A porch having a roof supported by columns, often A chapel in an eastern church where the eucharistic geometry of forms and determining the illumination and
438. shading of surfaces based on their orientation to an
Pixel leading to the entrance of a building. elements are prepared, usually on the north side of the 449.
410. Contraction of picture + element: the smallest Portland cement bema. assumed light source. Does not take into account the way
addressable area of illumination on a display screen. A hydraulic cement made by burning a mixture of clay Quadrangle light travels after intersecting a surface and therefore
Plafond 424. and limestone in a rotary kiln and pulverizing the resulting 439. A square or quadrangular space or court surrounded by a cannot accurately render reflections, refractions, or the
411. natural fall off of shadows.
A flat or vaulted ceiling of decorative character. clinker into a very fine powder, named for its resemblance building or buildings, as on a college campus.
Plaza to a limestone quarried on the isle of portland, england.
412.
A public square or open space in a city or town.

PLFX2019DXB 8
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Ray tracing Rise Saturation Selective absorption

A global illumination technique for simulating the optical
effects of illumination, executed by tracing the path a ray
450. of light travels from its source to a surface that interrupts
its progress, where it may be absorbed, reflected, or
refracted in one or more directions, depending on the
material, color, and texture of the surface.
Receding color
451. A cool color that appears to move away from an observer,
giving an illusion of space.
Recessed grid
452. A metal grid for supporting a suspended ceiling of
acoustical tiles having rabbeted joints.
Reflected color
The perceived color of an object, determined by the
453. wavelengths of the light reflected from its surface after
selective absorption of other wavelengths of the incident
light.
Refractory
A material having the ability to retain its physical shape
454.
and chemical identity when subjected to high
temperatures.
Regionalism
An approach to architecture that strives to counter a lack
455. of identity or sense of place by utilizing the geographical
context of a building to guide its design response to
topography, climate, light, and tectonic form.
Resisting moment
An internal moment equal and opposite to a bending
456.
moment, generated by a force couple to maintain
equilibrium of the section being considered.
Resolution
The degree of detail visible in a printed image or an
image displayed on a computer monitor. The resolution of
457.
an image depends not only on how it was created but
also in its physical size and the distance from which we
view it.
Respond
A pier or pilaster projecting from a wall as a support for an
458.
arch or lintel, esp. At the termination of an arcade or
colonnade.
Retrochoir
459. A separate division behind the choir or high altar of a
large church.
RGB color model
A color model in which white is the additive combination
of the three primary colored lights-- red, green, and blue
lights can be added together in various ways to reproduce
460.
the spectrum of colors we see. The main purpose of this
is for the sensing, representation, and display of images
in electronics display system, such as digital cameras,
scanners, projectors, computer monitors, and televisions.
Rigid arch
An arched structure of timber, steel, or reinforced
461.
concrete, constructed as a rigid body capable of carrying
bending stresses.
462. The height of an arch from the spring line to the highest 479. One of the three dimensions of color. The purity or The absorption of certain wavelengths of the light incident
490.
point of the intrados. vividness of a hue. on a colored surface, the remaining portion being
Roman arch Saturation coefficient reflected or transmitted.
463.
An arch having a semicircular intrados. The ratio of the weight of water absorbed by a clay Semivitreous
491.
Roman brick masonry unit immersed in cold water to the weight Having a moderate water absorption of slightly under 6%
480.
464. Brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 2 x 12in.(102 x 51 absorbed when immersed in boiling water, indicating the Shade
x 305mm) probable resistance of the brick to the action of freezing 492. A relatively dark value of a color, produced by adding
Rood and thawing. black to it.
A crucifix symbolizing the cross on which christ was Scanner resolution Shear center
465.
crucified, esp, a large one set above the entrance to the The resolution at which the charge-coupled device (ccd) The point in the cross-sectional plane of a structural
choir or chancel of a medieval church. or other sensor of a scanner samples an original,usually 493. member through which a transverse load must pass in
Rood screen expressed in samples per inch (spi). Manufacturers often order to prevent torsion or twisting of the member about a
A screen, often elaborately adorned and property 481. use dots per inch (dpi) in lieu of spi in specifying the longitudinal axis.
466. resolution capability of their capability of their scanners,
surmounted by a rood, separating the chancel or choir Shear diagram
from the nave of a medieval church. but technically there are no dots in the scanned image A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of
until it is printed. The higher the resolution of the scanned 494.
Rose window the external shears present in a structure for a given set
467. A circular window, usually of stained glass and decorated image. The more faithful the scan is to the original. of transverse loads and support conditions.
with tracery symmetrical about the center. Science Shell
A branch of knowledge dealing with a body of facts or 495.
Rotunda The exterior framework or walls and roof a building.
A round, domed building, or a large and high circular 482. truths obtained by direct observation, experimental Shiner
468. investigation, and methodical study, systematically
space in such a building, esp. One surmounted by a 496. A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the broad
dome. arranged and showing the operation of general laws. face exposed.
Round arch Science Architecture Short column
469. An arch having a continuously curved intrados, esp. A 483. A style or method of building characteristic of a people, A thick column subject to failure by crushing rather than
semicircular one. place, or time. by buckling. Failure occurs when the direct stress from an
Rowlock SCR brick 497. axial load exceeds the compressive strength of the
470. A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the Brick having nominal dimensions of 6 x 2 2/3 x in( 102 x material available in the cross section. An eccentric load,
484.
shorter end exposed. 68 x 305mm). Stands for structural clay research and is a however, can produce bending and result in an uneven
Running bond trademark of the brick institute of america. stress distribution in the section.
471. A brickwork or masonry bond composed of overlapping Secondary cable Siliceous
One of the pretensioned cables used in for stabilizing a 498.
stretchers. Containing silica or a silicate.
485.
Sacristy suspension structure against flutter, usually having a Simple beam
472. A room in a church where the sacred vessels and curvature opposite to that of the primary cables. A beam resting on a simple supports at both ends, which
vestments are kept. Secondary color are free to rotate and have no moment resistance. As
486. A color, such as orange, green or violet. Produced by 499.
Sag with any statically determinate structure, the values of all
473. The vertical distance from the supports to the lowest point mixing two primary colors. reactions, shears, and moments for a simple beam are
of a cable structure. Section modulus independent of its cross-sectional shape and material.
Sailor A geometric property of a cross section, defined as the Single curvature structure
474. 487.
A brick laid vertically with the broad face exposed. moment of inertia of the section divided by the distance A suspension structure utilizing a parallel series of cable
Sanctuary from the neutral axis to the most remote surface. to support surface-forming beams or plates. A
475. A sacred or holy place, as that part of a church in which Segmental arch single-curvature structure is a susceptible to flutter
500.
the principal altar placed. induced by the aerodynamic effects of wind. This liability
Sand struck brick can be reduced by increasing the dead load on the
Brick formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lined structure or anchoring the primary cables to the ground
476. with transverse guy cables.
with sand to prevent sticking, producing a matte-textured
surface. 488. Skew arch
Sanitary base 501. An archway having sides or jambs not at right angles with
477. A coved tile set at the meeting of a floor and wall to the face of its abutments.
prevent accumulation of dirt and to facilitate cleaning. Skewback
Sarcophagus 502. A stone or course of masonry having a sloping face
An arch struck from one or more centers below the against which the end of a segmental arch rests.
478. A stone coffin, esp. One bearing sculpture or inscriptions springing line.
and displayed as a monument. Skycrapper
Segmental arch A building of exceptional height and many stories,
489. An arch struck from one or more centers below the 503.
supported by a steel or concrete framework from which
springing line. the walls are suspended.

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Slab Split complementary Stress trajectories Suspended ceiling

504. A rectangular building having little width with respect to its
length and height.
Slenderness ratio
505. The ratio of the effective length of a column to its least
radius of gyration.
Slype
506. A covered passage, esp. One between the transept and
chapter house of a cathedral.
Soap
507. A brick or tile having normal face dimensions but a
nominal thickness of 2 in. (51 mm).
Sociology
The science of human social institutions and
508. relationships, specif. The study of the origin,
development, structure, functioning, and collective
behavior of organized groups of human beings.
Soft burned
509. Fired at a low temperature and having relatively high
absorption and low compressive strength.
Soft-mud process
510. The process of forming brick by molding relatively wet
clay having a moisture content of 20% to 30 %
Soldier
511.
A brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed.
Soldier course
512.
A continuous course of soldiers in brickwork.
Solid modeling
Computer modeling that represents both the geometric
structure and the interior volume of a three dimensional
513.
object or building. With a solid model, it is possible to
assign physical properties, calculate physical behavior,
and to check for object interference.
Space planning
The aspect of architecture and interior design that deals
514.
with the planning, layout, design, and furnishing of spaces
within a proposed or existing building.
Span
515.
The extent of space between two supports of a structure.
Spandrel
The triangular-shaped, sometimes ornamented area
516. between the extrados of two adjoining arches, or between
the left or right extrados of an arch and the rectangular
framework surrounding it.
Spectrum
The distribution of energy emitted by a radiant source,
arranged in order of wavelengths, esp. The band of colors
517.
produced when sunlight is refracted and dispersed by a
prism, comprising red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,
and violet.
Spire
518. A tall, acutely tapering pyramidal structure surmounting a
steeple or tower.
Spline
519. A thin metal strip inserted into edges of two acoustical
tiles to make a butt joint between them.
520. A combination of one color and the pair of colors
adjoining its complementary color on a color wheel.
Spring
521. The point at which an arch, vault, or dome rises from its
support.
Springer
522.
The first voussoir resting on the impost of an arch.
Stack bond
523. A brickwork or masonry bond having successive courses
of stretchers with all head joints aligned vertically.
Stained glass
Glass colored or stained by having pigments baked onto
524.
its surface or by having various metallic oxides fused into
it while in a molten state.
Stave church
An indigenous Scandinavian church of the 12th and 13th
525.
centuries, having a timber frame, plank walls, a tiered,
steeply pitched roof, and few windows.
Steeple
A tall ornamental structure, usually ending in a spire and
526.
surmounting the tower of a church or other public
building.
Stereolithography
An additive manufacturing technology for producing
527. physical objects or models, using a vat of liquid uv-
curable photopolymer resin and a uv laser to fabricate the
designed object a single thin layer at a time.
Stiff-mud process
The process of forming brick and structural tile by
528. extruding stiff but plastic clay having a moisture content
12% to 15% through a die and cutting the extrusion to
length with wires before firing.
Stilted arch
529. An arch resting on imposts treated as downward
continuations of the archivolt.
Stoneware
530.
High -fired, opaque, vitrified ceramic ware.
Stoop
531. A raised platform, approached by steps and sometimes
having a roof, at the entrance of a house.
Storm cellar
A cellar or other underground place for shelter during
532.
violent storms, such as cyclones, tornadoes, or
hurricanes
Storm cellar
A cellar or other underground place for shelter during
533.
violent storms, such as cyclones, tornadoes, or
hurricanes.
Story
A complete horizontal division of a building, having a
534.
continuous or nearly continuous floor and comprising the
space between two adjacent levels.
Story
535. A major horizontal architectural division, as of a facade or
the wall of a nave.
536. Lines depicting the direction but not the magnitude of the A ceiling suspended from an overhead floor or roof
550.
principal stresses in a beam. structure to provide space for pipes, ductwork, lighting
Stretcher fixtures, or other service equipment.
537. A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall Suspended-span or hung span
with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface. A simple beam supported by the cantilevers of two
551.
Stretching course adjoining spans with pinned construction joints at points
538.
A continuous course of stretchers in brickwork. of zero moment.
Structural clay tile Suspension bridge
539. A hollow tile of fired clay having a parallel cells or cores, 552. A bridge having a deck suspended from cables raised on
used in building walls and partitions. towers and securely anchored to abutments at the ends.
Structural facing tile Suspension structure
Structural clay tile having a glazed surface, used for A structure of cables suspended and prestressed
540. 553.
facing walls and partitions, esp. In areas subject to heavy between compression members to directly support
wear, moisture, and strict sanitation requirements. applied loads.
Subbasement SW
541.
Any story or floor below the main basement of a building. Brick suitable for exposure to severe weathering, as when
554.
Substructure in contact with the ground or used on surfaces likely to be
542. The underlying structure forming the foundation of a permeated with water in subfreezing temperatures.
building or other construction. System
Subtractive color A group of interacting interrelated, or interdependent
555.
A color produced by mixing cyan, yellow, and magenta things or parts forming a complex or unified whole, esp.
pigments, each of which absorbs certain wavelengths. A To serve a common purpose.
543.
balanced mixture of these colorant or subtractive tabernacle
556.
primaries theoretically yields black since it absorbs all A canopied recess for a religious image or icon.
wavelengths of visible light. Taste
Suction or initial rate of absorption Critical judgement, discernment, or appreciate of what is
557.
The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit fitting, harmonious, or beautiful prevailing in a culture or
544.
when partially immersed for one minute, expressed in personal to an individual.
grams or ounces per minute. Technics
558.
Sulfate action The science of an art or of the arts in general.
An expansive reaction occurring when the cement matrix Technology
545.
of concrete or mortar comes in contract with sulfates Applied science; the branch of knowledge that deals with
dissolved in ground water or in soil. 559. the creation and use of technical methods and materials,
Superstructure and their interrelation with life, society, and the
546. The vertical extension of a building or other construction environment.
above the foundation. Tectonics
Surbased arch 560. The science or art of shaping, ornamenting, or
547.
An arch having a rise of less than half the span. assembling materials in building construction.
Surface modeling Terrace
Computer modeling that represents the geometric 561. An open, often paved area connected to a house or
structure of a three-dimensional object or building by building and serving as an outdoor living area.
defining its surfaces rather than its interior volume, Terra cotta
usually with polygons consisting of vertices, edges and A hard, fired clay, reddish-brown in color when unglazed,
562.
faces, creating a polygon mesh that can be edited by used for architectural facings and ornaments, tile units,
subdividing, trimming, intersecting, stretching or and pottery.
548.
projecting. Because curved surfaces can only be Tertiary color
approximated by a polygon mesh, such mathematical A color, such as brown. Produced by mixing two
563.
algorithms as non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) secondary colors, or a secondary color with one of its
are used to model true curves and complex surfaces. constituent primaries.
Modeled surfaces can also be texture-mapped to add Thick-set process
color and texture, and be assigned weight and a center of
A tile setting process in which ceramic tile is applied over
gravity for simulations. 564. a portland cement mortar bed 3/4 to 1 1/2 in.(19 to
Surround 38mm) thick, which allows for accurate slopes and planes
549.
To enclose or encompass on all sides. in the finished work.

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Thin-bed process Trellis Type III: high early strength Vertical shearing stress
A tile-setting process in which ceramic tile is bonded to a 580. A frame supporting open latticework, used as a screen or A very finely ground portland cement having an increased The shearing stress developed along a cross section of a
565. continuous, stable backing with a thin coat a dry -set a support for growing vines or plants. content of tricalcium silicate, causing it to cure faster and 606. beam to resist transverse shear, having a maximum value
mortar, latex -portland cement mortar, epoxy mortar, or Triad 594. gain strength earlier than normal portland cement; used at the neutral axis and decreasing nonlinearly toward the
an organic adhesive, 1/32 to 1/8 in. (0.8 to 3.2mm) thick. 581. A combination of three colors forming an equilateral when the early removal of formwork is desired, or in outer faces.
Three-hinged arch triangle on a color wheel. cold-weather construction to reduce the time required for Vitreous
566.
A three-hinged frame structure having an arched form. Triangular arch protection from low temperatures. 607. Resembling glass, as in transparency, hardness,
Thrust 582. A primitive form of arch consisting of two stones laid Type II: moderate brittleness, luster, or having low or no porosity.
567. The outward force or pressure exerted by one part of a diagonally to support each other over an opening. A portland cement having a reduced content of Tricalcium Vitrify
structure against another. Tribune aluminate, making it more resistant to sulfates and 608. To make a clay body vitreous by firing at a specified
Tie rod 583. The bishop's throne, occupying a recess or apse in an causing it to generate less heat of hydration; used in temperature.
595.
568. An iron or steel rod serving as a structural tie esp. One early christian church. general construction where resistance to moderate Voussoir
keeping the lower ends of an arch frame from spreading. Tricalcium aluminate sulfate action is required or where heat buildup can be 609. Any of wedge-shaped units in a masonry arch or vault,
Tile accessory A compound constituting about one tenth of the volume of damaging, as in the construction of large piers and heavy having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers.
584. retaining walls.
Any of the ceramic or nonceramic articles designed to be portland cement and responsible for the initial setting of Warm
569. Type I: normal
affixed to or inserted in tilework, such as tower bars, soap the cement. 610. Designating a color inclined toward or dominated by red,
holders, and the like. Tricalcium silicate 596. A portland cement used for general construction, having orange, or yellow.
Tile grout A compound constituting about half the volume of none of the distinguishing qualities of the other types. Water-struck brick
585. Type IV: low heat
570. A cementitious or resinous mix for filling joints in ceramic portland cement and responsible for the hardening or Brick formed in the soft-mud process with a mold
A portland cement having a reduced content of tricalcium 611.
tilework. early gain in strength of the cement. lubricated with water to prevent sticking, producing a
Tint Triforium silicate and an increased content of dicalcium silicate, smooth, dense surface.
571. A relatively light value of a color, produced by adding An arcaded story in a church, between the nave arches 597. causing it to generate less heat of hydration than normal Westwork
586. portland cement; used in the construction of massive
white to it. and clerestory and corresponding to the space between The monumental western front a romanesque church,
concrete structures, such as gravity dams, where a large 612.
Tone the vaulting and the roof of an aisle. treated as a tower or towers containing a low entrance
572. An intermediate value of a color between a tint and Trimmer buildup in heat can be damaging. hall below and a chapel open to the nave above.
shade. 587. Any of various specially shaped ceramic tiles for finishing Type V : sulfate resisting Wheel window
A portland cement having a reduced content of tricalcium 613.
Tone an edge or angle. A rose window having distinctly radiating mullions or bars.
573. An intermediate value of a color between a tint and a True color 598. aluminate, lessening the need for gypsum, a sulfate White portland cement
shade. A method for representing and storing graphical image normally added to cement to retard its setting time ; used A portland cement produced from raw materials low in
588. where resistance to severe sulfate action is required.
Topiary information using a 24-bit color depth to allow more than 614. iron oxide and manganese oxide, the substances that
574. Clipped or trimmed into ornamental and fantastic shapes, 16 million colors to be displayed in digital image. Unbraced length give concrete its gray color, used in precast concrete
or the work of art of such clipping. Trumeau The distance between the points at which a structural work and in the making of terrazzo, stucco, and tile grout.
599.
Tower 589. A column supporting the tympanum of a doorway at its member is braced against buckling in a direction normal Wing
A building or structure high in proportion to its lateral center. to its length. 615. A part of a building projecting from and subordinate to a
575. Urban Design
dimensions, either standing alone or forming part of a Tudor arch central or main part.
larger building. 600. The aspect of architectural and city planning that deals Wireframe modeling
Transept with design of urban structures and spaces. Computer modeling that represents the form of a
576. The major transverse part of a cruciform church, crossing Valley three-dimensional object or building by specifying the
601. If the walls meet in a reentering angle, the inclined line of 616.
the main axis at a right angle between the nave and choir. vertices and edges off all mathematically continuous
Transverse shear 590. intersection is a called a surfaces, including opposite sides and all internal
A shear force at a cross section of a beam or other Value components normally hidden from view.
577. The degree by which a color appears to reflect more or
member subject to bending, equal to the algebraic sum of 602. Z plotter
transverse forces on one side of section. less of the incident light, corresponding to lightness of the a computer controlled machine that uses additive
A four- centered arch having an inner pair of curves with perceived color. 617.
Trefoil arch manufacturing technology to fabricate a plot of three
578. An arch having a cusped intrados with three round or a radius much greater than that of the outer pair. Vault dimensional data.
pointed foils. Tudor arch 603. The space between two parallel walls is sometimes
Trefoil arch 591. A four- centered arch having an inner pair of curves with covered by a sort of continuous arch called
a radius much greater than that of the outer pair. Vector image
An arch having a Two-hinged arch A digital image created and defined by mathematically
592.
cusped intrados A two-hinged frame structure having an arched form. 604. based software routines for such geometric primitives as
with three round or Tympanum points, straight lines, curves, and shapes, and form which
579. more complex graphic elements can be created.
pointed foils. 593. The space between an arch and the horizontal head of a
door or window below, often decorated with sculpture. Veranda
A large, open porch, usually roofed and partly enclosed,
605.
as by a railing, often extending across the front and sides
of a house.

PLFX2019DXB 11
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Visual Dictionary of Architecture extrados crown roman arch

30.
arc 11. highest part or pint of a convex construction, such as an arch having a semicircular intrados
1.
curved structure for spanning an opening arch, vault or roadway segmental arch
masonry arch haunch 31. arch struck from one or more centers below the springing
12. either side of an arch curving down from the crown to the line
impost skewback
impost 32. stone or course of masonry having a sloping face against
6. 13. the uppermost part of an abutment, often in the form of a which the end of a segmental arch rests
block, capital or molding from which an arch springs triangular arch
spandrel 33. primitive form of arch consisting of two stones laid
2. 14. triangular shaped sometimes ornamented area between diagonally to support each other of van an opening
the extrados of two adjoining arches corbel arch
exterior curve, surface, or boundary of the visible face of skew arch 34. false arch constructed by corbeling courses from each
an arch 15. archway having sides or jambs not at right angels with the side of an opening until they meet at a midpoint
archivolt face of its abutments rampant arch
35.
order arch having one impost higher than the other
arch constructed of individual stone or brick voussoirs 16. any of several concentric rings of masonry forming an stilted arch
voussoir arch, esp. when each projects beyond the one below 36. arch resting on imposts treated as downward continuation
lag of the archivolt
17. crosspiece connecting the ribs in a centering. Also called bell arch
37.
bolster round arch resting on two large corbels with curved faces
centering horseshoe arch
3. 18. temporary framework for supporting a masonry arch or arch having an intrados that widens above the springing
38.
7. vault during construction until the work can support itself before narrowing to a rounded crown, also called a
camber piece Moorish arch
19. board used as centering for a flat arch, slightly crowned to trefoil arch
allow for settling of the arch. Also called camber slip. 39. arch having a cusped intrados with three round or pinter
any wedge shaped units in a masonry arch or vault,
having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers thrust foils
20. outward force or pressure exerted by one part of a basket handle arch
springer
structure against another three centered arch having a crown with a radius much
40.
drift greater than that of the outer pair of curves also called
decorative molding or band on the face of an arch 21. thrust of an arched structure on its abutments, anise de panier
following the curve of the intrados proportional to the total load and span. equilateral arch
4. intrados fixed arch 41. pointed arch having two centers and radii equal to the
22.
fixed fram structure having an arched form span
two hinged arch pointed arch
23. 42.
two hinged frame structure having an arched form arch having a pointed crown
three hinged arch lancet arch
first voussoir resting on the impost of an arch. 24.
three hinged farm structure having an arched form 43. pointed arch having two centers and radii greater tan the
keystone abutment span
8.
25. part of a structure receiving and supporting the thrust of drop arch
an arch, vault or strut. 44. pointed arch having two centers and radii less than the
tie rod span.
iron or steel rod serving as a structural tie, esp. one Gothic arch
26. 45.
keeping the lower ends of an arch or frame from pointed arch esp. one having two centers and equal radii
inner curve or surface of an arch forming the concave spreading. tutor arch
underside flat arch 46. four centered arch having an inner pari of curves with a
5.
rise 27. arch having a horizontal intrados with voussoirs radiating radius much greater than that of the outer pair
9. hight of an arch from the spring line to the highest point of from a center below surbased arch
47.
the intrados french arch arch having a rise of less than half the span
spring 28. flat arch having voussoirs inclined to the same angle on ogee arch
10. point at which an arch, vault or dome rises from its each side of the center 48. pointed arch, each haunch of which is a double curve
support, also springing round arch wight he concave side uppermost
29.
wedge shaped often embellished voussoir at the crown of harsh having a continuously curved intrados
an arch

PLFX2019DXB 12
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

rigid arch effective length shell non vitreous

84. 103.
arched structure of timber, steel or reinforced concrete, the distance between inflection points in the span of a the exterior framework or walls and roof of a building. water absorption greater than 7 percent
49. 65.
constructed as a rigid body capable of carrying bending fixed-end or continuous beam, equivalent in nature to the substructure adobe
104.
stresses. actual length of a simply supported beam. 85. the underlying structure forming the foundation of a sun dried brick made of clay and straw.
funicular arch cull building or other construction. atrium
66.
50. arch shaped to develop only axial compression under a a brick or timber rejected as being of inferior quality. edifice 105. the forecourt of an early christian church, flanked or
giving loading, efflorescence 86. a building, esp of one of large size, massive or imposing surrounded by porticos.
architecture a white, powdery deposit that forms on an exposed appearance. ambulatory
67. 106.
51. the art and science of designing and constructing masonry or concrete surface, caused by the leaching and story the covered walk of an atrium or cloister.
87.
buildings crystallization of soluble salts from within the material. a complete horizonatal division of a bulding. cantharus
aesthetics nominal dimension midrise 107. a basin for a ritual cleansing with water in the atrium of an
88.
the branch of philosophy that deals with nature of art, 68. a brick dimension larger than the actual dimension to 5 to 10 stories early christian basilica.
52.
beauty, and taste, with a view to establishing the meaning account for the thickness of a mortal joint. lowrise apse
of critical judgments concerning works of art. 89.
stretcher one to three stores. 108. a large semicircular or polygonal recess on an end wall of
environment design 69. a brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall crawl space a building.
the ordering of the physical environment by means of with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface an area in a building having a clearance less than human tribune
53.
architecture, engineering, construction, landscape header 90. height, but accessible by crawling, esp such a space 109. the bishop's throne, occupying a recess or apse in an
architecture, urban design, and city planning. 70. a brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall below the first floor that is enclosed by the foundation early christian church.
urban design with the shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface. walls. bema
54. the aspect of architecture and city planning that deals Rowlock fenestration 110. a transverse open space separating the nave and apse of
with the design of urban structures and spaces. Brick laid horizontally on its long edge with end exposed 91. the design, proportioning of windows and other openings an early christian church.
71.
space planning ( caps on garden walls, sloping window sills under of a building. nave
the aspect of architecture and interior design that deals window 111.
55. Portico the principal or central part of a church.
with the planning, layout, design and furnishing of spaces soldier 92. In architecture, a projecting roof or porch supported by Transept
72. 112.
within a proposed or existing building. a brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed. columns, often making an entrance. part of the body of a church adjoining the nave
architectonics sailor porte cochere crossing
56. 73. 93. 113.
the unifying structure or concept of an artistic work. a brick laid vertically with the broad face exposed. carriage entry, covered point where nave and transept cross
regionalism shiner rotunda spire
an approach to architecture that strives to counter a lack 74. a brick laid horizaontally on the longer edge with the 94. a round, domed building, or a large and high circular 114. a tall, acutely tapering pyramidical structure surmounting
57. of identity or sense of place by utilizing the geographical broad face exposed. space in such a buildin, esp. one surmounted by a dome. a steeple or tower.
context of a building to guide its design response to bat Piloti Tympanum
topography, climate, light, and tectonic form. 75. 95.
a brick cut transversely so as to leave one end whole. vertical column supports or stilts. "-detail of 2nd coming
section modulus soap trellis -christ greets worshipers
a geometric property of a cross section, defined as the 76. a brick or tile having normal face dimensions but a 96. a frame supporting latticework, used as a screen or
58. 115.
moment of inertia of the section divided by the distance nominal thickness of 2 inches. support for growing vines or plants. -reflects that christ is door to salvation
from the neutral axis to the most remote surface. bond pergola
moment of inertia any of various arrangements of masonry units having a covered walk in a garden usually formed by a double row -The semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface
the sum of the products of each element of an area and 97.
59. 77. regular, recognizable, usually overlapping pattern to of posts or pillars with beams above and covered with above a portal"
the square of its distance from a coplanar axis of increase the strength and enhance the appearance of the climbing plants arcade
rotation. 116.
construction. topiary a series of arches supported on piers or columns.
cantilever beam 98.
60. running bond a trimmed plant made into a shape; usually a shrub fleche
a projecting beam supported at only one fixed end. 78.
consists entirely of stretchers acoustical ceiling 117. a slender spire rising from the ridge of a roof, espl one
simple beam Soldier Course 99. a ceiling of acoustical tile or other sound absorbing above the crossing of a gothic church.
61. a resting on simple supports at both ends, which are free 79.
A vertical row of bricks, all standing on end material. Finial
to rotate and have no moment resistance. common bond Cross tee 118. A relatively small, usually foilated ornament terminating
overhanging beam 80.
stretcher course with headers every 5 to 6 rows Secondary member of the grid supporting a suspended the peak of a spire or pinnacle
a simple beam extending beyond one its supports. The 100.
English bond ceiling system usually a sheet metal tee carried by the chancel
62. overhang reduces the positive moment at midspan while 81. Form of brick bond which is composed of alternating main runners. 119. the space about the altar of a church, usually enclosed,
developing a negative moment at the base of the courses of headers nd stretchers. vitrify for the clergy and other officials.
cantilever over the support. Flemish bond 101. to make a clay body vitreous by firing at a specified Rose Window
double overhanging beam 120.
63. 82. Each course is alternately composed of entirely of temperature. a circular stained glass window
a simple beam extending beyond both of its supports. headers or of stretchers. vitreous
fixed end beam superstructure 102. resembling glass, as in transparency, hardness,
A fixed end beam is one that is restrained( fixed) againts 83. the vertical extension of a building or other construction brittleness, luster or having low or no porosity.
64.
rotation at its ends. Some are fixed at one end and simply above the foundation.
supported at the other end. (Statically indeterminate)

PLFX2019DXB 13
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Triforium Tudor Arch Abutment Ingot

a narrow passage in the thickness of the wall with arches 137. A four centered arch having an inner pair of curves with 155. The part of a structure receiving and supporting the thrust 169. A mass of metal cast into a convenient shape for storage
opening onto the nave. It may occur at the level of the radius much greater than that of the outer pair of an arch, vault or strut or transportation before further processing.
121.
clerestory windows, or it may be located as a separate Triangular Arch Tie Rod Blank
level below the clerestory. It may itself have an outer wall 138. A primitive form of arch consisting of two stones laid An iron or steel rod serving as a structural tie especially 170. A piece of metal ready to be drawn, pressed, or machined
156.
of glass rather than stone. diagonally to support each other over an opening one keeping the lower ends of an arch or frame from into a finished object.
column Corbel Arch spreading Scale
a rigid, relatively slender structural member designed A false arch constructed by corbeling courses from each Arch Action 171. An oxide occurring in a scarcely form on the surface of
122.
primarily to support compressive loads applied at the 139. side of an opening until they meet at a midpoint where a The manner in which an arch transforms the vertical metal when brought to a high temperature
member ends. capstone is laid to complete the work. The stepped 157. forces of a supported load into inclined components and Mill Scale
buckling reveals may be soothed, but no arch action is effected. transmits them to abutments on either side of the A loose coating of iron oxide that forms on iron or steel
the sudden lateral or torsional instability of a slender Rampant arch archway 172. during hot-rolling. Mill scale increases the bond between
140.
123. structural member induced by the action of a compressive An arch having one impost higher than the other Arch Axis steel and concrete in reinforced concrete or in structural
158.
load. buckling can occur well before the yield stress of the Stilted Arch The medium line of an arched structure. steelwork encased in concrete for fire protection.
material is reached. 141. An arch resting on imposts treated as downward Line of Thrust Heat Treatment
slenderness ratio continuations of the archivolt 159. The set of resultants of thrust and weight each part of an 173. The controlled heating and cooling or metal to develop
124. the ratio of the effective length of a column to its least Bell Arch arch imposes on the next lower one. certain desirable physical or mechanical properties.
radius of gyration. 142. A round arch resting on two large corbels with curved Thrust Anneal
radius of gyration faces 160. The outward force or pressure exerted by one part of a To remove internal stress from metal or glass by heating
the radial distance from any axis to a point at which the Horseshoe Arch structure against another 174. to a temperature below that of recrystallization and then
125.
mass of a body could be concentrated without altering the 143. an arch having an intrados that widens above the Drift gradually cooling in a liquid or air especially to make the
moment of inertia of the body about that axis. springing before narrowing to a rounded crown The thrust of an arched structure on its abutments, material more ductile
161.
effective length Trefoil Arch proportional to the total load and span and inversely Quench
126. the distance between inflection points in a column subject 144. An arch having a cusped intrados with three round or proportional to the rise. 175. To rapidly cool a heated metal by immersion in water
to buckling. pointed foils Bending Moment especially to increase its hardness
natural cement Basket Handle Arch An external moment tending to cause part of a structure Temper
127. a naturally occurring clayey limestone that, when calcined 145. A three centered arch having a crown with a radius much 162. to rotate or bend, equal to the algebraic sum of the 176. To strengthen or toughen a metal by reheating at a lower
and finely pulverized, produces a hydraulic cement. greater than that of the outer pair of curves. moments about the neutral axis of the section under temperature and slowly cooling the material.
Flat Arch Lancet Arch consideration. Stress Releasing
An arch having a horizontal intrados with voussoirs 146. A pointed arch having two centers and radii greater than Resisting Moment The tempering of a metal at a temperature high enough to
128. 177.
radiating from a center below, often built with a slight the span An internal moment equal and opposite to a bending relieve residual stresses, followed by slow, uniform
163.
camber to allow for setting. Drop Arch moment, generated by a force couple to maintain cooling.
French Arch 147. A pointed arch having two centers and radii less than the equilibrium of the section being considered Residual Stress
129. A flat arch having voussoirs inclined to the same angle on span. Deflection Microscopic stress in metal resulting from non uniform
178.
each side of the center. Surbased Arch the perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates thermal changes, plastic deformation, or other causes
Round Arch 148. from a true course under transverse loading, increasing aside from external forces or applications of heat.
An arch having a rise of less than half the span. 164.
130. An arch having a continously curved intrados especially a Ogee Arch with load and span, and decreasing with an increase in Case-Harden
semicircular one. 149. A pointed arch , each haunch of which is a double curve the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of To make the outside surface of an iron-based alloy hard
179.
Roman Arch with the concave side uppermost elasticity of the material. by carbonization and heat treatment, leaving the interior
131.
An Arch Having a semicircular intrados Funicular Arch Camber tough and ductile.
Segmental Arch An arch shaped to develop only axial compression under 165. A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, Bloom
132. an arch struck from one or more centers below the 150. girder or truss to compensate for an anticipated deflection 180. A bar of steel reduced from an ingot to dimensions
a given loading. Is subject to bending if the loading
springing line pattern changes Transverse Shear suitable for further rolling.
Skewback Rigid Arch A shear force at a cross section of a beam or other Blooming Mill
166. 181.
133. A stone or course of masonry having a sloping face An arch structure of timber,steel or reinforced concrete, member subject to bending , equal to the algebraic sum A mill for rolling ingots into blooms
against which the end of a segmental arch rests. 151. of transverse forces on one side of the section.
constructed as a rigid body capable of carrying bending Billet
Pointed Arch stress. Horizontal Shearing Stress 182. A narrow, generally square , bar of steel, forged or
134.
An arch having a pointed crown Fixed Arch The shearing stress developed to prevent slippage along hot-rolled from an ingot or bloom
152. 167. horizontal planes of a beam under transverse loading,
Equilateral Arch A fixed frame structure having an arched form. Hot-Roll
135. A pointed arch having two centers and radii equal to the Two-Hinged Arch equal at any point to the vertical shearing stress at that 183. To roll metal at a heat high enough to permit
span 153. point. recrystallization
A two-hinged frame structure having an arched form
Gothic Arch Three-Hinged Arch Vertical Shearing Stress Hot-Rolled Finish
136. A pointed arch especially one having two centers and 154. The shearing stress developed along a cross section of a 184. The dark, oxidizes, relatively rough finish obtained by
A three-hinged frame structure having an arched form
equall radii 168. beam to resist transverse shear, having a maximum value rolling metal while hot.
at the neutral axis and decreasing nonlinearly toward the
outer faces.

PLFX2019DXB 14
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Die Casting Steel Oxidation Double- Strength Glass

231.
the process or product of forcing molten metal into a any of various iron-based alloys having a carbon content 215. The process or result of combining with oxygen to form Sheet glass having a thickness of 3.2 mm
185.
metallic mold under hydraulic pressure to give it a less than that of cast iron and more than that of wrought an oxide Annealed Glass
199. 232.
particular shape or form. iron, and having qualities of strength, hardness and Oxide A glass that is cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses.
216.
Casting elasticity varying according to composition and heat A binary compound of oxygen with another element. Tempered Glass
The process or product of forming a material into a treatment Noble Metal Annealed glass that is reheated to just below the
186.
particular shape by pouring it into mold in a fluid state and Smelt 217. Resists oxidation when heated in air, and solution by 233. softening point and then rapidly cooled to induce
letting it harden. 200. To melt or fuse ore in order to separate the metal inorganic acids. compressive stresses in the surfaces and edges of the
Mold constituents Glass glass and tensile stresses in the interior.
187. A hollow form or matrix for giving a particular shape to Pig A hard, brittle, usually transparent or translucent Laminated Glass
something in a molten or plastic state. An oblong mass of metal that has been poured while still 218. substance, produced by fusing silica together with a flux Two or more plies of flat glass bonded under heat and
201. 234.
Cold-Roll molten into a mold of sand especially such a mass of iron and a stabilizer into a mass that cools to a rigid condition pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin that
to roll metal at a temperature below that at which from a blast furnace without crystallization. retains the fragments if the glass is broken.
188.
re-crystallization occurs, so as to increase its tensile Malleable Cast Iron Crown Glass Security Glass
strength or improve its surface finish 202. Cast iron that has been annealed by transforming the An old form of window glass formed by blowing and Laminated glass having exceptional tensile and impact
219.
Mill Finish carbon content jnto a graphite or removing it completely whirling a hollow sphere of glass into a flat, circular disk 235. strength, consisting of multiple plies of glass bonded
189. the striated finish that cold rolling or extrusion imparts to a Malleable with a center lump left by the worker's rod. under heat and pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral
metal surface 203. capable of being shaped or formed by hammering or by Sheet Glass resin.
Cold-Draw pressure from rollers 220. A flat, soda-lime-silica glass fabricated by drawing the Acoustical Glass
236.
to draw metal through a set of dies to reduce its cross Carbon Steel molten glass from a furnace. Laminated or insulating glass used for sound control.
190.
sectional area without preheating, as in the fabrication of Ordinary, unalloyed steel in which the residual elements Plate Glass Wire Glass
wire or tubing. 204. are controlled. Any increase in carbon content increases a flat, soda-lime-silica glass formed by rolling molten Flat or patterned glass having a square or diamond wire
221. 237.
Drawn Finish the strength and hardness of the steel but reduces its glass into a plate that is subsequently polished after mesh embedded within it to prevent shattering in the
191. a smooth, bright finish introduced by drawing metal ductility and weldability cooling. event of breakage or excessive heat.
through a die. Mild Steel Float Glass Patterened Glass
205.
Die A low- carbon steel containing from 0.15%-0.25% carbon A flat, soda-lime-silica glass that is extremely smooth and 238. Glass having an irregular surface pattern formed in the
192. A steel block or plate having small conical holes through Medium Steel 222. nearly distortion-free, manufactured by pouring molten rolling process to obscure vision or to diffuse light.
206.
which metal or plastic is extruded or drawn for shaping a carbon steel containing from 0.25%-0.45% glass onto a surface of molten tin and allowing it to cool Obscure Glass
Hot working Spring Steel slowly. 239. glass having one or both sides acid-etched or
207.
193. the working of a metal at a temperature high enough to A high carbon steel containing 0.85%-1.8% Insulating Glass sandblasted to obscure vision.
permit recrystallization Stainless Steel 223. A glass unit consisting of two or more sheets of glass Spandrel Glass
Recrystallize An alloy steel containing a minimum of 12% chromium, separated by hermetically-sealed air spaces. An opaque glass for concealing the structural elements in
to acquire a new granular structure with new crystals 208. sometimes with nickel, manganese, or molybdenum as Hermetic 240. curtain wall construction, produced by fusing a ceramic
194. 224.
because of plastic deformation, as when worked after additional alloying elements, so as to be highly resistant Made airtight by fusing or sealing. frit to the interior surface of tempered or
being heated. to corrosion Tinted Glass heat-strengthened glass.
Cold Working Base Metal 225. A glass having a chemical admixture to absorb a portion Glass Block
the working of metal below the temperature at which 209. the principal metal of an alloy or a piece underlying a of the radiant heat and visible light that strike it. A translucent, hollow block of glass with clear, textured or
195. 241.
recrystallization occurs, as in drawing, pressing, or coating of another metal. Reflective Glass patterned faces, made by fusing two halves together with
stamping. Alloy A glass having a thin, translucent metallic coating bonded a partial vacuum inside and used for glazing openings.
226.
Iron a substance composed of two or more metals, or of a to the exterior or interior surface to reflect a portion of the Glass Brick
210.
196. A malleable, ductile, magnetic, silver white metallic metal and a nonmetal, intimately mixed, as by fusing or light and radiant heat that strike it. A solid, impact-resistant glass block unit, sometimes
242.
element from which pig iron and steel are made. electro-deposition Low-Emissivity Glass having an insert or coated to reduce solar heat
Cast Iron Slag Glass that transmits visible light while selectively transmission.
a hard, brittle, non malleable iron-based alloy containing 211. the vitrified matter left as a residue from the smelting of a 227. reflecting the longer wavelengths of radiant heat, Face Glazing
197.
2.0%-4.4% carbon and 0.5-3% silicon, cast in a sand metallic ore. produced by depositing a low-emissivity coating either on The setting of a glass pane in a rabbeted frame, holding it
243.
mold and machined to make any building products Blast-Furnace Slag the glass itself or over a transparent plastic film. in place with glazier's points, and sealing it with a beveled
Wrought Iron 212. Slag left as a residue by the smelting of iron ore in a blast Emissivity bead of putty or glazing compound.
A tough, malleable, relatively soft iron that is readily furnace 228. The relative ability of a surface to emit radiant heat, Face Putty
198. forged and welded, having a fibrous structure containing Blast Furnace measured against a black body at the same temperature. 244. The putty or glazing compound formed on the exterior
approximately 0.2% carbon and a small amount of A large vertical furnace for smelting iron from ore, in Shading Coefficient side of a glass pane.
213.
uniformly distributed slag. which combustion is intensified by a continuous blast of The ratio of solar heat transmission through a particular Bedding
229.
air through the fuel glass to the solar heat transmission through A thin layer of putty or glazing compound laid in the
245.
Rust double-strength clear glass. rabbet of window sash to give a pane of glass an even
The reddish brittle coating formed on the surface of iron Single- Strength Glass backing.
214. 230.
especially when exposed to moisture and air consisting Sheet glass having a thickness of 2.4mm
essentially of hydrated ferric oxide formed by oxidation.

PLFX2019DXB 15
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Glazier's Point Glazing Bead Environmental design Anthropology

246. A small, pointed piece of metal for holding a glass pane in 261. A wood molding or metal section secured against the The ordering of the physical environment by means of The science of human beings, specif. The study of the
10. 24.
a wood sash until the face putty has hardened. edge of a glass pane to hold it in place. architecture, engineering, construction, landscape origins, physical and cultural development, and
Putty Dry Glazing architecture, urban design, and city planning. environmental and social relations of humankind.
A compound of whiting and linseed oil, of dough-like The setting of glass in a window frame with a Urban Design Landscape architecture
247. 262.
consistency when fresh, used in securing windowpanes compression gasket instead of glazing tape or liquid 11. The aspect of architectural and city planning that deals The art, business, or protection of designing, arranging,
25.
or patching woodwork defects. sealant. with design of urban structures and spaces. or modifying the features of a landscape for aesthetic or
Glazing Compound Compression Gasket City planning practical reasons.
248. An adhesive compound used as putty, formulated so as A preformed strip of synthetic rubber or plastic The activity or profession of determining the future Regionalism
263.
not to become brittle with age. compressed between a glass pane and a window frame physical arrangement and condition of a community, An approach to architecture that strives to counter a lack
Glass Size to form a watertight seal and cushion for the glass. 12. involving an appraisal of the current conditions, a forecast 26. of identity or sense of place by utilizing the geographical
249. The size of a glass pane required for glazing an opening, Lockstrip Gasket of future requirements, a plan for the fulfillment of these context of a building to guide its design response to
allowing for adequate edge clearances. A preformed gasket of synthetic rubber for securing a requirements, and proposals for legal, financial, and topography, climate, light, and tectonic form.
United Inches 264. glass pane in a window frame or opening, held in constructional programs to implement the plan. Arch
250. The sum of one length and one width of a rectangular compression by forcing a keyed locking strip into a Interior Design 27. A curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to
glass pane, measured in inches. groove in the gasket The art, business, or profession of planning the design support a vertical load primarily by axial compression.
Edge Block 13. and supervising the execution of architectural interiors, Masonry arch
28.
One of the small blocks of synthetic rubber placed including their color schemes, furnishings, fittings, An arch constructed of individual stone or brick voussoirs.
between the side edges of a glass pane and a frame to A Visual Dictionary Of Architecture finishes, and sometimes architectural features. Voussoir
251.
center it, maintain a uniform width of sealant, and limit Art Architecture Space planning 29. Any of wedge-shaped units in a masonry arch or vault,
lateral movement caused by building vibrations or thermal 1. The product or result of architectural work; building, The aspect of architecture and interior design that deals having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers.
14.
expansion. collectively with the planning, layout, design, and furnishing of spaces Springer
within a proposed or existing building. 30.
Face Clearance Science Architecture The first voussoir resting on the impost of an arch.
The distance between the face of a glass pane and the 2. A style or method of building characteristic of a people, Technology Keystone
252.
nearest face of its frame or stop, measured normal to the place, or time. Applied science; the branch of knowledge that deals with The wedge-shaped, often embelished voussoir at the
15. the creation and use of technical methods and materials, 31.
plane of the glass. Designing Architecture crown of an arch, serving to lock the other voussoirs in
Bite 3. The profession of designing buildings and other habitable and their interrelation with life, society, and the place.
253. The amount of overlap between the edge of a glass pane environments. environment. Extrados
and a window frame, stop, or lock-strip gasket. Constructing Architecture Technics 32. The exterior curve, surface, or boundary of the visible
16.
Edge Clearance 4. The conscious act of forming things, resulting in a The science of an art or of the arts in general. face of an arch.
254. The distance between the edge of glass pane and a unifying or coherent structure. Tectonics Archivolt
window frame, measured in the plane of the glass. Architecture 17. The science or art of shaping, ornamenting, or 33. A decorative molding or band on the face of an arch
Glass Mullion System 5. The art and science of designing and constructing assembling materials in building construction. following the curve of the intrados.
A glazing system in which sheets of tempered glass are buildings. Architectonics Intrados
18.
255. suspended from special clamps, stabilized by Art The unifying structure or concept of an artistic work. 34. The inner curve or surface of an arch forming the
perpendicular stiffeners of tempered glass, and joined by The conscience use of skill, craft, and creative Engineering concave underside.
a structural silicone sealant. 6. The art and science of applying scientific principles to Rise
imagination in the production of what is beautiful, 19.
Double Glazing appealing, or of more than ordinary significance. practical ends in the design and construction of 35. The height of an arch from the spring line to the highest
The installation of two parallel panes of glass with a Aesthetics structures, machines, and systems. point of the intrados.
256.
sealed air space between to reduce the transmission of The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art, Science Crown
heat and sound. 7. A branch of knowledge dealing with a body of facts or 36. The highest part or point of a convex construction, such
beauty, and taste, with a view to establishing the meaning
Glazing and validity of critical judgements concerning works of art. 20. truths obtained by direct observation, experimental as an arch, vault, or roadway.
The panes or sheets of glass or other transparent Beauty investigation, and methodical study, systematically Haunch
257.
material made to be set in frames, as in windows, doors, The aggregate of qualities in a person or thing that gives arranged and showing the operation of general laws. 37. Either side of an arch curving down from the crown to the
or mirrors. intense pleasure to the senses or deep satisfaction to the Firmness impost.
8. 21.
Wet Glazing mind or spirit, whether arising from harmony or form or The state or equality of being solidly constructed. Impost
258. The setting of glass in a window frame with glazing tape color, excellence of craft, truthfulness, originality, or other, Behavioral science 38. The uppermost part of an abutment, often in the form of a
or a liquid sealant. often unspecific property Any of the sciences, such as sociology and anthropology, block, capital, or molding, from which an arch springs.
22.
Glazing Tape Taste that seek to discover general truths from the observation Spring
A preformed ribbon of synthetic rubber having adhesive Critical judgement, discernment, or appreciate of what is of human behavior in society. 39. The point at which an arch, vault, or dome rises from its
259. 9.
properties and used in glazing to form a watertight seal fitting, harmonious, or beautiful prevailing in a culture or Sociology support.
between glass and frame. personal to an individual. The science of human social institutions and Spandrel
Cap Sealant 23. relationships, specif. The study of the origin, The triangular-shaped, sometimes ornamented area
An adhesive liquid of synthetic rubber injected into the development, structure, functioning, and collective 40. between the extrados of two adjoining arches, or between
260.
joint between a glass pane and a window frame, curing to behavior of organized groups of human beings. the left or right extrados of an arch and the rectangular
form a watertight seal. framework surrounding it.

PLFX2019DXB 16
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Order Abutment Trefoil arch Pointed arch

41. Any of several concentric rings of masonry forming an 58. The part of a structure receiving and supporting the thrust
arch, esp. When each projects beyond the one below. of an arch, vault, or strut.
Lag Tie rod
42. A crosspiece connecting the ribs in a centering. Also 59. An iron or steel rod serving as a structural tie esp. One 70.
called BOLSTER. keeping the lower ends of an arch frame from spreading.
Skew arch Flat arch
43. An archway having sides or jambs not at right angles with An arch having a horizontal intrados with voussoirs
60. An arch having a cusped intrados with three round or
the face of its abutments. radiating from a center below, often built with a slight
Centering camber to allow for settling. pointed foils.
44. A temporary framework for supporting a masonry arch or French arch Segmental arch
vault during construction until the work can support itself. 61. A flat arch having voussoirs inclined to the same angles
Camber piece on each side of the center. 74.
45. A board used as centering for a flat arch, slightly crowned Round arch
to allow for settling of the arch. 62. An arch having a continuously curved intrados, esp. A
Arch action semicircular one.
The manner in which an arch transforms the vertical Roman arch 71.
63.
46. forces of a supported load into inclined components and An arch having a semicircular intrados.
transmits them to abutments on either side of the Triangular arch
archway. 64. A primitive form of arch consisting of two stones laid
Arch axis diagonally to support each other over an opening.
47. An arch struck from one or more centers below the
The median line of an arched structure. Corbel arch springing line.
Line of thrust A false arch constructed by corbeling courses from each
Skewback
The set of resultants of thrust and weight each part of an 65. side of an opening until they meet at a midpoint where a
72. A stone or course of masonry having a sloping face
48. arch imposes on the next lower one. For bending to be capstone is laid to complete the work. The stepped An arch having a pointed crown.
against which the end of a segmental arch rests.
eliminated throughout an arch, the line of thrust must reveals may be smoothed, but no arch action is effected. Equilateral arch
Basket-handle arch
coincide with the arch axis. Rampant arch
66.
Funicular arch An arch having one impost higher than the other.
49. An arch shaped to develop only axial compression under Stilted arch
a given loading. 67. An arch resting on imposts treated as downward
Inverted catenary continuations of the archivolt.
73.
50. Is the funicular shape for an arch carrying a vertical load Bell arch
uniformly distributed along the length of the arch axis. 68. A round arch resting on two large corbels with curved
Parabola faces. 75.
51. The funicular shape for an arch carrying a vertical load Horseshoe arch
uniformly distributed over its horizontal projection. A three-centered arch having a crown with a radius much
Thrust greater than that of the outer pair of curves.
52. The outward force or pressure exerted by one part of a
structure against another.
Drift
The thrust of an arched structure on its abutments. 69. A pointed arch having two centers and radii equal to the
53.
Proportional to the total load and span, and inversely span.
propotional to the rise.
Rigid arch
An arched structure of timber, steel, or reinforced An arch having an intrados that widens above the
54.
concrete, constructed as a rigid body capable of carrying springing before narrowing to a rounded crown.
bending stresses.
Fixed arch
55.
A fixed frame structure having an arched form.
Two-hinged arch
56.
A two-hinged frame structure having an arched form.
Three-hinged arch
57.
A three-hinged frame structure having an arched form.

PLFX2019DXB 17
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Gothic arch Ogee arch Neutral axis Simple beam

An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the A beam resting on a simple supports at both ends, which
91.
cross section of a beam or other member subject to are free to rotate and have no moment resistance. As
104.
bending, along which no bending stresses occur. with any statically determinate structure, the values of all
Bending stress reactions, shears, and moments for a simple beam are
A combination of compressive and tensile stresses independent of its cross-sectional shape and material.
92. developed at a cross section of a structural member to Cantiliver beam
105.
resist a transverse force, having a maximum value at the A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end.
81. surface furthest from the neutral axis. Positive shear
76. Vertical shearing stress 106. A net resultant of shear forces that acts vertically upward
The shearing stress developed along a cross section of a on the left part of the structure being considered.
93. beam to resist transverse shear, having a maximum value Negative shear
at the neutral axis and decreasing nonlinearly toward the A net resultant of shear forces that acts vertically
107.
outer faces. downward on the left part of the structure being
Flexure formula considered.
A pointed arch, each haunch of which is a double curve A formula defining the relationship between bending Inflection point
94.
with the concave side uppermost. moment, bending stress, and the cross-sectional A point at which a structure changes curvature from
Span properties of a beam. 108. convex to concave or vice versa as it deflects under a
A pointed arch. Esp. One having two centers and equal 82.
The extent of space between two supports of a structure. Moment of inertia transverse load, theoretically, an internal hinge and
radii.
Clear span 95. The sum of the products of each element of an area and therefore a point of zero moment.
Lancet arch
83. The distance between the inner faces of the supports of a the square of its distance from a coplanar axis of rotation. Positive moment
span. Section modulus 109. A bending moment that produces a concave curvature at
Effective span A geometric property of a cross section, defined as the a section of a structure.
96.
84. The center-to-center distance between the supports of a moment of inertia of the section divided by the distance Negative moment
span. from the neutral axis to the most remote surface. 110. A bending moment that produces a convex curvature at a
Bending moment Lateral buckling section of a structure.
An external moment tending to cause part of a structure The buckling of a structural member induced by Overhanging beam
97. 111.
77. 85. to rotate or bend, equal to the algebraic sum of the compressive stresses acting on a slender portion A simple beam extending beyond one its supports.
moments about the neutral axis of the section under insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction. Double hanging beam
112.
consideration. Principal stresses A simple beam extending beyond both of its supports.
Resisting moment The tensile and compressive stresses resulting from the Haunch
98.
An internal moment equal and opposite to a bending interaction of bending and shear stresses at a cross The part of a beam that is thickened or deepened to
86. section of a beam.
moment, generated by a force couple to maintain develop greater moment resistance. The efficiency of a
113.
equilibrium of the section being considered. Shear center beam can be increased by shaping its length in response
A pointed arch having two centers and radii greater than Deflection The point in the cross-sectional plane of a structural to the moment and shear values, which typically vary long
the span. The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates 99. member through which a transverse load must pass in its longitudinal axis.
Drop arch from a true course under tranverse loading. Increasing order to prevent torsion or twisting of the member about a Fixed-end beam
78. A pointed arch having two centers and radii less than the 87. longitudinal axis.
with a load and span, and decreasing with an increase in A beam having both ends restrained against translation
span. the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of Stress trajectories 114. and rotation. The fixed ends transfer bending stresses,
Tudor arch elasticity of the material. 100. Lines depicting the direction but not the magnitude of the increase the rigidity of the beam, and reduce its maximum
Camber principal stresses in a beam. deflection.
A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, Shear diagram Suspended-span or hung span
88. A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of
girder, or truss to compensate for an anticipated A simple beam supported by the cantilevers of two
101. 115.
deflection. the external shears present in a structure for a given set adjoining spans with pinned construction joints at points
79. Transverse shear of transverse loads and support conditions. of zero moment.
A shear force at a cross section of a beam or other Moment diagram Continuous beam
89. A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of
member subject to bending, equal to the algebraic sum of A beam extending over more than two supports in order
102. 116.
transverse forces on one side of section. the bending moments present in a structure for a given to develop greater rigidly and smaller moments than a
A four- centered arch having an inner pair of curves with Horizontal shearing stress set of transverse loads and support conditions. series of simple beams having similar spans and loading.
a radius much greater than that of the outer pair. The shearing stress developed to prevent slippage along Cantilever Effective length
Surbased arch 90. horizontal planes of a beam under transverse loading, A beam or other rigid structural member extending The distance between inflection points in the span of a
80. 103. 117.
An arch having a rise of less than half the span. equal at any point to the vertical shearing stress at that beyond a fulcrum and supported by a balancing member fixed-end or continuous beam, equivalent in nature to the
point. or a downward force behind the fulcrum. actual length of a simply supported beam.
Horseshoe arch
118. An arch having an intrados that widens above the
springing before narrowing to a rounded crown.

PLFX2019DXB 18
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Trefoil arch Brick grade Kiln Economy brick

119. An arch having a cusped intrados with three round or A designation indicating the durability of a brick unit when A furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying 165. A modular brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 4 x 8
147.
pointed foils. exposed to weathering. The U.S. is divided into three something, esp. One for firing pottery, baking bricks, or in. (102 x 102 x 203mm)
Segmental arch weathering regions- severe, moderate, and negligible -- drying timber. Stretcher
135.
120. An arch struck from one or more centers below the according to annual winter rainfall and the annual number Flashing 166. A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall
springing line. of freezing cycle days. Brick is graded for use in each 148. Firing brick units alternately with too much or too little air with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface.
Basket-handle arch region according to compressive strength, maximum to vary their face color. Header
121. A three-centered arch having a crown with a radius much water absorption, and maximum saturation coefficient. Cull 167. A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall
149.
greater than that of the outer pair of curves. MW A brick or timber rejected as being of inferior quality. with the shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface.
Pointed arch Brick suitable for exposure to moderate weathering, as Firebrick Rowlock
122. 136.
An arch having a pointed crown. when used above grade on surfaces unlikely to be 150. A brick made of fire clay and used for lining furnaces and 168. A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the
Equilateral arch permeated with water in subfreezing temperatures. fireplaces. shorter end exposed.
123. A pointed arch having two centers and radii equal to the SW Fire clay Soldier
Brick suitable for exposure to severe weathering, as when 169.
span. 137. A refractory clay used in the making of firebricks, A brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed.
in contact with the ground or used on surfaces likely to be 151.
Gothic arch crucibles, and other objects exposed to high Sailor
permeated with water in subfreezing temperatures. 170.
124. A pointed arch. Esp. One having two centers and equal temperatures. A brick laid vertically with the broad face exposed.
radii. NW Refractory Shiner
Lancet arch 138. Brick suitable for exposure to negligible weathering, as A material having the ability to retain its physical shape 171. A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the broad
when used as a backup or in interior masonry. 152.
125. A pointed arch having two centers and radii greater than and chemical identity when subjected to high face exposed.
the span. Absorption temperatures. Brickwork
Tudor arch The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit Clinker 172. Brick construction, esp. The art of bonding bricks
139. when immersed in either cold or boiling water for a stated 153.
126. A four- centered arch having an inner pair of curves with A dense, hard- burned brick used esp. For paving. effectively.
a radius much greater than that of the outer pair. length of time, expressed as a percentage of the weight Nominal dimension Bond
Ogee arch of the dry unit. 154. A brick dimension larger than the actual dimension to Any of various arrangements of masonry units having a
127. A pointed arch, each haunch of which is a double curve Saturation coefficient account for the thickness of a mortar joint. 173. regular, recognizable, usually overlapping pattern to
with the concave side uppermost. The ratio of the weight of water absorbed by a clay Jumbo brick increase the strength and enhance the appearance of the
Brick masonry unit immersed in cold water to the weight 155. Any of various oversized bricks having nominal construction.
140.
A masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism absorbed when immersed in boiling water, indicating the dimensions established by the manufacturer. Running bond
128. probable resistance of the brick to the action of freezing
while plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing in Soap 174. A brickwork or masonry bond composed of overlapping
a kiln. and thawing. 156. A brick or tile having normal face dimensions but a stretchers.
Common brick Suction or initial rate of absorption nominal thickness of 2 in. (51 mm). Common bond
Brick made for general building purposes and not The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit Bat 175. A brickwork bond having a course headers between
129. 141. 157.
specially treated for color and texture. Also called building when partially immersed for one minute, expressed in A brick cut transversely so as to leave one end whole. every five or six courses of stretchers.
brick. grams or ounces per minute. Gauge Closer
Soft-mud process 158.
Facing brick To chip or rub stones or bricks to a certain size or shape. 176. A masonry unit specially formed or cut to finish a course
130. Brick made of special clays for facing a wall, often treated 142. The process of forming brick by molding relatively wet Modular brick or complete the bond at the corner of a wall
to produce the desired color and surface texture. clay having a moisture content of 20% to 30 % 159. A brick having nominal dimensions of 4x2 2/3 x 8 in. (102 English bond
Brick type Sand struck brick x 68 x 203mm) A brickwork bond having alternate courses of headers
A designation indicating the permissible variation in size, Brick formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lined Norman brick 177. and stretchers in which the headers are centered on
131. 143.
color, chippage, and distortion allowed in a facing brick with sand to prevent sticking, producing a matte-textured 160. A brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 2 2/3 x 12 in. stretchers and the joints between stretchers line up
unit. surface. (102 x 68 x 305mm) vertically in all courses.
FBX Water-struck brick SCR brick Queen closer
Facing brick suitable for use where a minimum variation Brick formed in the soft-mud process with a mold Brick having nominal dimensions of 6 x 2 2/3 x in( 102 x 178. A brick of half the normal width used for completing a
132. 144. 161.
in a size, narrow color range, and high degree of lubricated with water to prevent sticking, producing a 68 x 305mm). Stands for structural clay research and is a course or for spacing regular bricks.
mechanical perfection are required. smooth, dense surface. trademark of the brick institute of america. Flemish bond
FBS Stiff-mud process Engineered brick A brickwork bond having alternating headers and
The process of forming brick and structural tile by 179.
Facing brick suitable for use where a wider color range 162. A brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 31/5 x 8 in. (102 stretchers in each course,each header being centered
133. 145. extruding stiff but plastic clay having a moisture content
and greater variation in size are permitted than for type x 81 x 203mm). above and below a stretcher.
FBX 12% to 15% through a die and cutting the extrusion to Norwegian brick King closer
FBA length with wires before firing. 163. A brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 31/5x 12 in. 180. A three quarter brick for finishing a course or for spacing
Facing brick suitable for use where particular effects are Dry press process (102 x 81 x 305mm) regular bricks
134. The process of forming brick by molding relatively dry
desired resulting from nonuniformity in size, color, and Roman brick Flemish diagonal bond
texture of the individual units. 146. clay having a moisture content of 5% to 7% under high 164. Brick having nominal dimensions of 4 x 2 x 12in.(102 x 51 181. A form of flemish cross bond in which the courses are
pressure, resulting in sharp-edged, smooth-surfaced x 305mm) offset to form a diamond pattern.
bricks.

PLFX2019DXB 19
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Soldier course Corona Loft Pergola

182.
A continuous course of soldiers in brickwork. 200. The principal member of a cornice, which projects like a One of the upper floors of a warehouse or factory typically A structure of parallel colonnades supporting an open
235.
Stack bond shelf and crowns the wall, is called 219. unpartitioned and sometimes converted or adapted to roof of beams and crossing rafters or trelliswork, over
183. A brickwork or masonry bond having successive courses Base other uses, such as living quarters, artists' studios, or which climbing plants are trained to grow.
of stretchers with all head joints aligned vertically. 201. Walls are generally made wider just at the bottom so as exhibition galleries. Subbasement
236.
Stretching course to get a better bearing on the ground. This projection is Loft building Any story or floor below the main basement of a building.
184.
A continuous course of stretchers in brickwork. Cap A building having several floors with large areas of Cable
202.
Heading course A similar projection at the top is called 220. unobstructed space, originally rented out for light A flexible structural member, such as wire rope metal
185. 237.
A continuous course of headers in brickwork. Parapet industrial purposes and now frequently converted to chain, having high tensile strength but offering no
203. residential occupancy.
Bond course A low wall resistance to compression or bending.
186. A continuous course of headers or bondstones Post Attic Areaway
204. 221. A room or space directly under the roof of a building. Esp.
overlapping more than one wythe of masonry. A short piece of wall bout as long as it thick is called 238. A sunken area affording access, air, and light to a
English cross bond Pier A house. basement door or window.
205. Half-story
A modified english bond in which the head joints in the A tall post is called Funicular shape
187. 222. A usable living space within a sloping roof, usually having
stretching courses are offset by half the length of a Capitals The shape assumed by a freely deforming cable in direct
206. dormer windows for lighting. 239. response to the magnitude and location of external
stretcher Caps of piers and columns are called
Flemish cross bond Abacus Crawl space forces. A cable always adapts its shape so that it is in
207. An area in a building having a clearance less than human pure tension under the action of an applied load.
A modified flemish bond having courses of alternate The flat upper member of a capital is called
188. 223. height, but accessible by crawling, esp. Such a space
headers and stretchers alternating with stretching Architrave or epistyle Facade
courses. 208. A beam that spans the space between two piers or below the first floor that is enclosed by the foundation The front of a building or any of its sides facing a public
240.
Flare header columns or between a pier or column and a wall is called walls. way or space, esp. One distinguished by its architectural
189. A brick having a darker end exposed as a header in Frieze Cellar treatment.
patterned brickwork. 209. Above it, between the architrave and the cornice , there is A room or set of rooms for the storage of the food, fuel, or Frontispiece
224.
Garden wall bond generally a little strip of wall called the like, wholly or partly underground and usually beneath A principal facade, or a part or feature of a facade, often
241.
A brickwork bond for lightly loaded boundary walls, Colonnade a building. treated as a separate element of the design and
190. having a sequence of a header and three stretchers in 210. Storm cellar highlighted by ornamentation.
A series of columns is called
each course, with each header being centered over a Arcade A cellar or other underground place for shelter during Funicular polygon
225.
header in alternate courses. 211. The space between piers or columns are sometimes violent storms, such as cyclones, tornadoes, or 242. The shape assumed by a freely deforming cable in direct
Superstructure spanned by arches, a series of which is called hurricanes Response to a set of concentrated loads.
191. The vertical extension of a building or other construction Vault Bulkhead Corps de logis
226.
above the foundation. 212. The space between two parallel walls is sometimes A horizontal or inclined door over a stairway In french architecture, a term describing the central
243.
Shell covered by a sort of continuous arch called Floor element of a building as opposed to its subsidiary wings
192. A continuous supporting surface extending horizontally and pavilions.
The exterior framework or walls and roof a building. Edifice 227.
Substructure 213. A building, esp. One of large size, massive structure, or throughout a building, having a number of rooms and Funicular curve
193. The underlying structure forming the foundation of a imposing appearance. consulting one level in the structure. 244. The shape assumed by a freely deforming cable in direct
building or other construction. Skycrapper Mid-rise response to a uniformly distributed load.
System A building of exceptional height and many stories, 228. Describing a building having a moderately large number Catenary
A group of interacting interrelated, or interdependent 214. of stories, usually 5 to 10, and equipped with elevators. The curve assumed by a perfectly flexible, uniform cable
194. supported by a steel or concrete framework from which
things or parts forming a complex or unified whole, esp. the walls are suspended. Belvedere 245. suspended freely from two points not in the same vertical
To serve a common purpose. High-rise 229. A building or architectural feature of a building, designed line. For a load that is uniformly distributed in a horizontal
Lean -to 215. Describing a building having a comparatively large and situated to look out upon a pleasing scene. projection, the curve approaches that of a parabola.
195. The ground floor of a building. In Pavilion
A roof with one slope is called.. number of stories and equipped with elevators.
Hip Story Britain and elsewhere, the first floor is A projecting subdivision of a facade, usually accented by
230. First floor 246.
196. If two walls make a projecting angle, their roofs intersect A complete horizontal division of a building, having a the floor immediately above the more eleborate decoration or greater height and
in an inclined line called a 216. ground floor. distinction of skyline.
continuous or nearly continuous floor and comprising the
Valley space between two adjacent levels. Topiary Sag
197. If the walls meet in a reentering angle, the inclined line of Low-rise 231. Clipped or trimmed into ornamental and fantastic shapes, 247. The vertical distance from the supports to the lowest point
intersection is a called a 217. Describing a building having one, two , or three stories or the work of art of such clipping. of a cable structure.
Eaves and usually no elevator. Ground floor False front
232. 248.
198. If the roof extends beyond the wall that supports it, the Mezzanine The floor of a building at or nearest to ground level. A facade falsifying the size or importance of a building.
projection is called A low or partial story between two main stories of a Basement Funicular structures
218. 233. A story of a building that is wholly or partly below ground A structure shaped to carry or support a given loading by
Cornice building, esp. One that projects as a balcony and forms a
199. If the wall also projects to support the extension of the composition with the story beneath it. level. either axial tension or compression. For any given loading
249.
roof , the projection called Parterre condition, there is only one general funicular shape. If the
234. An ornamental arrangement of flower beds of different loading pattern changes, bending is induced in the
shapes and sizes. structure.

PLFX2019DXB 20
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Story Single curvature structure Portico Terrace

250. A major horizontal architectural division, as of a facade or A suspension structure utilizing a parallel series of cable 278. A porch having a roof supported by columns, often 295. An open, often paved area connected to a house or
the wall of a nave. to support surface-forming beams or plates. A leading to the entrance of a building. building and serving as an outdoor living area.
Bay single-curvature structure is a susceptible to flutter Lacunar Main runner
264.
Any of a number of principal compartments or divisions of induced by the aerodynamic effects of wind. This liability 279. A ceiling, soffit, or vault adorned with a pattern of A principal member of the grid supporting a suspended
251. 296.
a wall, roof, or other part of a building marked off by can be reduced by increasing the dead load on the recessed panels. ceiling system, usually a sheet-metal channel or tee
vertical or transverse supports. structure or anchoring the primary cables to the ground Forecourt suspended by hanging wires from the overhead structure.
Lenticular structure with transverse guy cables. 280. A courtyard before the entrance to a building or a group Deck
A lens-shaped structure having the outward thrusts of an Primary cable of buildings. 297. An open, unroofed porch or platform extending from a
252.
arch balanced by the inward pulls of a cable, resulting in 265. One of the pretensioned cables directly supporting the Plafond house or other building.
load on a suspension structure. 281.
no net lateral forces at the supports. A flat or vaulted ceiling of decorative character. Spline
Blind story Cellar Veranda 298. A thin metal strip inserted into edges of two acoustical
253. A major horizontal division of a wall having no exterior A room or set of rooms for the storage of food, fuel, or the A large, open porch, usually roofed and partly enclosed, tiles to make a butt joint between them.
266. 282.
windows. like, wholly or partly underground and usually beneath a as by a railing, often extending across the front and sides Portal
Suspension structure building. of a house. 299. A doorway, gate, or entrance, esp. An imposing one
A structure of cables suspended and prestressed Secondary cable Cove ceiling emphasized by size and stately architectural treatment.
254. 283.
between compression members to directly support One of the pretensioned cables used in for stabilizing a A ceiling having a cove. Kerf
267.
applied loads. suspension structure against flutter, usually having a Cove 300. A groove cut into edges of an acoustical tile to receive a
Blind curvature opposite to that of the primary cables. A Concave surface forming part of a ceiling at its edge so spline or t-shaped member of a supporting grid.
Double curvature structure 284.
Describing a recess in a wall having the appearance of a as to eliminate the usual interior angle between the wall Linear metal ceiling
255. window (blind window) or door (blind door), inserted to A suspension structure composed of a field of crossed and the ceiling. A suspended ceiling system of narrow metal strips,
cables of different and often reverse curvatures. Each set 301.
complete a series of windows or to provide symmetry of Lanai usually incorporating modular lighting and air-handling
268. 285.
design. of cables has a different natural period of vibration, thus A veranda, esp. One used as a living room. components.
Suspension bridge forming a self-dampening system that is more resistant to Colonnade Luminous ceiling
256. A bridge having a deck suspended from cables raised on flutter. 286. A series of regularly spaced columns supporting an 302. A suspended ceiling of translucent panels for diffusing the
towers and securely anchored to abutments at the ends. Storm cellar entablature and usually one side of a roof structure. light from luminaries mounted above it.
Guy cable A cellar or other underground place for shelter during Camp ceiling Louvered ceiling
269. 287.
A cable for absorbing the horizontal component of thrust violent storms, such as cyclones, tornadoes, or A ceiling having the form of a truncated pyramid. 303. A suspended ceiling of multicellular louvers for shielding
257. hurricanes.
in a suspension or cable-stayed structure and transferring Porte cochere the light sources mounted above it.
the force to a ground foundation. Bulkhead 288. A vehicular passageway leading through a building of Suspended ceiling
Balcony 270. A horizontal or inclined door over a stairway giving screen wall into an interior courtyard. A ceiling suspended from an overhead floor or roof
access to a cellar. 304.
258. An elevated platform projecting from the wall of a building Drop ceiling structure to provide space for pipes, ductwork, lighting
and enclosed by a railing or parapet. Boundary cable 289. A secondary ceiling formed to provide space for piping or fixtures, or other service equipment.
Fenestration 271. A cable for anchoring a set of secondary cables in a ductwork, or to alter the proportions of a room Plenum
259. The design, proportioning, and disposition of windows suspension structure. Postern The space between a suspended ceiling and the floor
and other exterior openings of a building. Cable stayed structure 290. A private or side entrance, as one for pedestrians next to structure above, esp. One thar serves as a receiving
A structure having vertical or inclined masts from which 305.
Mast 272. a porte cachere. chamber for conditioned air to be distributed to inhabited
A vertical or inclined compression member in a cables extend to support horizontally spanning members Acoustical tile spaces or for return air to be conveyed back to a central
suspension or cable stayed structure, supporting the sum arranged in a parallel or radial pattern. Tile made in various sizes and textures from a soft, plant for processing.
260. of the vertical force components in the primary and guy Floor 291. Acoustical ceiling
sound-absorbing material, such as cork, mineral fiber, or
cables. Inclining the mast enables it to pick up some of A continuous supporting surface extending horizontally glass fiber. 306. A ceiling of acoustical tile or other sound-absorbing
273.
the horizontal cable thrust and reduces the force in the throughout a building, having a number if rooms and Porte cochere material.
guy cables. constituting one level in the structure. A porch roof projecting over a window a driveway at the Exposed grid
Attic Beam ceiling 292. 307. A metal grid of inverted tees supporting the acoustical
entrance to a building and sheltering those getting in or
261. A room or space directly under the roof of a building, esp. 274. The underside of a floor showing the supporting beams out of vehicles. tiles of a suspended ceiling.
A house. and finished to form a ceiling. Metal pan Recessed grid
Double cable structure Stoop An acoustical tile consisting of a steel or aluminum pan 308. A metal grid for supporting a suspended ceiling of
A suspension structure having upper and lower sets of 275. A raised platform, approached by steps and sometimes 293. acoustical tiles having rabbeted joints.
having a perforated face and containing a separate layer
262. cables of different curvatures, pretensioned by ties or having a roof, at the entrance of a house. of sound-absorbing material. Concealed grid
compression struts to make the system more rigid and Porch Cross tee A metal grid supporting the acoustical tiles of a
resistant to flutter. 276. An exterior appendage to a building, forming a covered 309.
A secondary member of the grid supporting a suspended suspended ceiling, hidden within kerfs cut into the edges
Half story approach or vestibule to a doorway. 294. of the tiles.
ceiling system , usually a sheet metal tee carried by the
263. A usable living space within a sloping roof, usually having Coffer main runners Integrated ceiling
dormer windows for lighting. One of a number of recessed, usually square or A suspended ceiling system incorporating acoustical,
277. 310.
octagonal panels in a ceiling, soffit, or vault. Also called lighting, and air-handling components into a unified
caisson, lacunar whole.

PLFX2019DXB 21
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Linear diffuser Bisque-fired Quarry tile Basilica

329.
A long, narrow diffuser designed to disperse air through Fired to harden a clay body. 345. Unglazed ceramic floor tile having a natural clay body. An early christian church, characterized by a long,
311.
slots between the panels of an integrated ceiling system Bisque Also called promenade tile. rectangular plan, a high colonnaded nave lit by a
also slot diffuser. 330. Earthenware or porcelain that has been fired once but not Paver tile 359. clerestory and covered by a timbered gable roof, two or
Ceramic ware glazed. Also called biscuit. 346. Unglazed ceramic floor tile similar in composition to four lower side aisles, a semicircular apse at the end, a
312. Any of various products made by firing clay or similar Glaze-fired ceramic mosaic tile but thicker and larger in surface area. narthex, and often features, such as an atrium, a bema,
331. and small semicircular apses terminating the aisles.
materials in a kiln, such as brick, tile, and pottery. Fired to fuse a glaze to clay body Structural clay tile
Firing Glaze 347. A hollow tile of fired clay having a parallel cells or cores, Atrium
313. The process of hardening or glazing ceramic ware by 332. A vitreous layer or coating fused to clay body to color, used in building walls and partitions. 360. The forecourt of an early christian church, flanked or
heating in a kiln to a specified temperature. decorate, waterproof, or strengthen its surface. LB surrounded by porticoes.
Hard burned Frit Load-bearing structural clay tile suitable for masonry Ambulatory
361.
314. Fired at a high temperature to near vitrification and having A fused or partially fused material that is ground to 348. walls not exposed to frost action, or in exposed masonry The covered walk of an atrium or cloister.
333.
relatively low absorption and high compressive strength. introduce a soluble or unstable ingredient into glazes or where protected by a facing of 3 in.(76.2 mm) or more of Cantharus
Soft burned enamels. stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry. 362. A basin of a ritual cleansing with a water in the atrium of
315. Fired at a low temperature and having relatively high Trimmer LbX an early christian basilica.
absorption and low compressive strength. 334. Any of various specially shaped ceramic tiles for finishing 349. Load bearing structural clay tile suitable for masonry walls Baptistery
Earthware an edge or angle. exposed to weathering or frost action. 363. A part of a church or a separate building in which baptism
316.
Low fired, opaque, nonvitreous ceramic ware. Sanitary base Terra cotta is administered.
Stoneware 335. A coved tile set at the meeting of a floor and wall to A hard, fired clay, reddish-brown in color when unglazed, Baptism
317. 350.
High -fired, opaque, vitrified ceramic ware. prevent accumulation of dirt and to facilitate cleaning. used for architectural facings and ornaments, tile units, A sacrament of initiation into christianity, symbolic of
364.
Vitrify Tile accessory and pottery. spiritual regeneration, marked by a ceremonial immersion
318. To make a clay body vitreous by firing at a specified Any of the ceramic or nonceramic articles designed to be Architectural terra cotta or application of water.
336.
temperature. affixed to or inserted in tilework, such as tower bars, soap Hard-burned, glazed or unglazed terra cotta, Font
351.
Vitreous holders, and the like. hand-molded or machine- extruded to order as a ceramic 365. A basin, usually of stone, holding the water used in
319. Resembling glass, as in transparency, hardness, Thick-set process veneer for walls or for ornamentation. baptism.
brittleness, luster, or having low or no porosity. A tile setting process in which ceramic tile is applied over Adobe Icon
Semivitreous 337. a portland cement mortar bed 3/4 to 1 1/2 in.(19 to 352. Sun-dried brick made of clay and straw, commonly used A representation of a sacred christian personage, such as
320. in regions with little rainfall. 366. christ or saint or angel, typically painted on a wood
Having a moderate water absorption of slightly under 6% 38mm) thick, which allows for accurate slopes and planes
Nonvitreous in the finished work. Structural facing tile surface and itself venerated as being sacred, esp. In the
321. Structural clay tile having a glazed surface, used for tradition of the eastern church.
Having water absorption greater than 7% Portland cement mortar
353.
Porcelain A field mix of portland cement, sand water, and facing walls and partitions, esp. In areas subject to heavy Narthex
338.
A hard, vitreous, translucent ceramic material consisting sometimes hydrated lime, used for leveling or setting wear, moisture, and strict sanitation requirements. A portico or vestibule before the nave of an early christian
322. 367.
essentially of kaolin, feldspar, and quartz, fired at a very ceramic tile in the thick -set process. Hollow tile or byzantine church, occupied by those not yet
high temperature. Bond coat Any of various cellular building units of fired clay, christened.
339. 354.
China A thin coat of mortar for bonding ceramic tile to a backing. concrete, or gypsum, used for building walls, floors, and Esonarthex
368.
323. A translucent ceramic material, bisque-fired at a high Thin-bed process roofs, or for fireproofing steelwork. An inner narthex when two are present.
temperature and glaze-fired at a lower temperature. A tile-setting process in which ceramic tile is bonded to a Fts Exonarthex
Kaolin 340. continuous, stable backing with a thin coat a dry -set Structural facing tile suitable for exposed exterior and 369. A covered walk or outer narthex situated before an inner
324. A fine white clay used in the manufacture of porcelain and mortar, latex -portland cement mortar, epoxy mortar, or interior masonry walls and partitions where moderate narthex.
355.
white portland cement. Also called china clay an organic adhesive, 1/32 to 1/8 in. (0.8 to 3.2mm) thick. absorption, slight variation in face dimensions, minor Iconostasis
Enamel Tile grout defects in surface finish, and medium color range are 370. A screen or partition on which icons are placed,
A vitreous, usually opaque, decorative or protective 341. A cementitious or resinous mix for filling joints in ceramic acceptable. separating the bema from the nave of an eastern church.
325. tilework. Ftx Nave
coating applied by fusion to the surface of metal, glass, or
pottery. Ceramic tile Smooth structural facing tile suitable for exposed exterior The principal or central part or church, extending from the
371.
Porcelain enamel 342. Any of various fired clay tile used for surfacing walls, and interior masonry walls and partitions where low narthex to the choir or chancel and usually flanked by
356.
326. An opaque, glass coating bonded to metal by fusing at floors, and countertops. absorption and stain resistance are required, and where a aisles.
high temperature also called vitreous enamel Glazed wall tile high degree of mechanical perfection, minimum variation Aisle
Ceramic bond Ceramic tile having a nonvitreous body and a bright, in face dimensions, and narrow color range are desired. 372. Any of the longitudinal divisions of a church, separated
343. Rammed earth
A thermochemical bond between materials resulting from matte, or crystalline glaze, used for surfacing interior from the nave by a row of columns or piers.
327. walls and light-duty floors. A stiff mixture of clay, sand or other agreggate, and Ambo
exposure to temperatures approaching the fusion point of 357.
the mixture. Ceramic mosaic tile water, compressed and dried within forms as a wall 373. Either of two raised stands from which the gospels or
Body Small ceramic tile having a porcelain or natural clay body, construction. epistles were read or chanted in an early christian church.
328. The structural portion of a ceramic article or the clay 344. glazed for surfacing walls or unglazed for use on both Christianity Exedra
material or mixture from which it is made. floors and walls, and usually face or back - mounted on The religion founded on the teachings of jesus christ, 374. A large apsidal extension of the interior volumn of a
358.
sheets to facilitate handling and speed installation. including the catholic, protestant, and eastern orthodox church.
churches.

PLFX2019DXB 22
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Apse Arcade Finial Alure

392.
A semicircular or polygonal projection of a building, A series of arches supported on piers or columns. 408. A relatively small, usually foliated ornament terminating 424. A walk or passage, as along a cloister or behind the
375.
usually vaulted and used esp. At the sanctuary or east Arcuate the peak of a spire or pinnacle. parapets of a castle.
end of a church. Curved or arched like a bow; a term used in describing Crocket Cross-in-square
Tribune the arched or vaulted structure of a romanesque church A projecting ornament, usually in the form of curved A typical byzantine church plan having nine bays. The
393. 409.
376. The bishop's throne, occupying a recess or apse in an or gothic cathedral, as distinguished from the trabeated foliage, used esp. In gothic architecture to decorate the 425. center bay is large square surmounted by a dome; the
early christian church. architecture of an egyptian hypostyle hall or greek doric outer angles of pinnacles, spires, and gables. smaller square corner bays are domed or vaulted; and
Bema temple. Gargoyle the rectangular side bays are barrel vaulted.
A transverse open space separating the nave and the Respond A grotesquely carved figure of a human or animal esp. Chevet
377.
apse of an early christian church, developing into the A pier or pilaster projecting from a wall as a support for an 410. One with an open mouth that serves as a spout and 426. The rounded east end of a gothic cathedral, including the
394.
transept of later cruciform churches. arch or lintel, esp. At the termination of an arcade or projects from a gutter to throw rainwater clear of a apse and ambulatory.
Sanctuary colonnade. building. Ambulatory
378. A sacred or holy place, as that part of a church in which Dosseret Rose window 427. An aisle encircling the end of the choir or chancel of a
the principal altar placed. 395. A thickened abacus or supplementary capital set above a 411. A circular window, usually of stained glass and decorated church.
Altar column capital to receive the thrust of an arch. with tracery symmetrical about the center. Choir
The table in christian church upon which the eucharist, Transept Stained glass 428. The part of a church occupied by the singers of a choir,
379.
the sacrament celebrating christ's last supper, is 396. The major transverse part of a cruciform church, crossing Glass colored or stained by having pigments baked onto usually part of the chancel.
412.
celebrated. the main axis at a right angle between the nave and choir. its surface or by having various metallic oxides fused into Retrochoir
Baldachin Crossing it while in a molten state. 429. A separate division behind the choir or high altar of a
380. An ornamental canopy of stone or marble permanently 397. The intersection of the nave and transept in a cruciform Triforium large church.
placed over the altar in a church. church. An arcaded story in a church, between the nave arches Lady chapel
413.
Cancelli Campanile and clerestory and corresponding to the space between A chapel dedicated to the virgin mary, usually located
430.
381. A low screen in an early christian basilica, separating the 398. A bell tower, usually one near but not attached to the the vaulting and the roof of an aisle. behind the high altar of a cathedral at the extremity of the
clergy and sometimes the choir from the congregation. body of a church. Crypt apse.
Sarcophagus Onion dome 414. An underground chamber or vault used as a burial place, High altar
431.
382. A stone coffin, esp. One bearing sculpture or inscriptions A bulbous, domelike roof terminating in a sharp point, esp. One beneath the main floor of a church. The main altar of a church.
399.
and displayed as a monument. used esp. In russian orthodox church architecture to Rood Presbytery
432.
Bema cover a cupola or tower. A crucifix symbolizing the cross on which christ was The part of a church reserved for the officiating clergy.
415.
383. The sanctuary space surrounding the altar of an eastern Gallery crucified, esp, a large one set above the entrance to the Close
church. 400. A roofed promenade, esp. One extending inside or choir or chancel of a medieval church. 433. An enclosed place, esp. The land surrounding or beside a
Diaconicon outside along the exterior wall of a building. Rood screen cathedral.
384. A sacristy in an early christian or eastern church, usually Loft A screen, often elaborately adorned and property Slype
401. 416.
on the south side of the bema. A gallery or upper level in a church or hall. surmounted by a rood, separating the chancel or choir 434. A covered passage, esp. One between the transept and
Sacristy Spire from the nave of a medieval church. chapter house of a cathedral.
385. A room in a church where the sacred vessels and 402. A tall, acutely tapering pyramidal structure surmounting a Chancel Chapter house
vestments are kept. steeple or tower. The space about the altar of a church for the clergy and The place where the chapter of a cathedral or monastery
417. 435.
Prothesis Steeple choir, often elevated above the nave and separated from meets, usually a building attached to or a hall forming part
A chapel in an eastern church where the eucharistic A tall ornamental structure, usually ending in a spire and it by a railing or screen. of the cathedral or monastery.
386. 403.
elements are prepared, usually on the north side of the surmounting the tower of a church or other public Chantry Chapter
bema. building. A chapel endowed for the saying of masses and prayers 436. An assembly of the monks in a monastery, or the
418.
Westwork Stave church for the souls of the founders or of persons named by members of a religious house or order.
The monumental western front a romanesque church, An indigenous Scandinavian church of the 12th and 13th them. Abbey
387. 404.
treated as a tower or towers containing a low entrance centuries, having a timber frame, plank walls, a tiered, Labyrinth A monastery under the supervision of an abbot, or a
419. A mazelike pattern inlaid in the pavement of a medieval 437.
hall below and a chapel open to the nave above. steeply pitched roof, and few windows. convent under the supervision of an abbess, belonging to
Wheel window Hermitage church. the highest rank of such institutions.
388.
A rose window having distinctly radiating mullions or bars. The dwelling of a hermit; more generally, a secluded Galilee Paradise
405. 438.
Tympanum place of residence or habitation for a religious person or 420. A small porch used as a chapel for penitents at the west An atrium or cloister beside a church.
389. The space between an arch and the horizontal head of a group. end of sone medieval english churches. Cloister
door or window below, often decorated with sculpture. Interlacing arcade Cathedral 439. A covered walk having an arcade or colonnade on one
Trumeau An arcade, esp. A blind one, composed of arches resting 421. The principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's side opening onto a courtyard.
406.
390. A column supporting the tympanum of a doorway at its on alternate supports and overlapping in series where throne called the..... Ambulatory
they cross. Chapel 440.
center. A covered place for walking, as around a cloister.
tabernacle Blind arcade 422. A separately dedicated part of a church for private prayer,
391. 407.
A canopied recess for a religious image or icon. A series of arches superimposed on a wall for decoration. meditation, or small religious services.
Garth
423.
A courtyard or quadrangle enclosed by a cloister.

PLFX2019DXB 23
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Spectrum Value Ell Orientation

468.
The distribution of energy emitted by a radiant source, The degree by which a color appears to reflect more or A wing at right angles to the length of a building. The position of a building on a site in relation to true
454.
arranged in order of wavelengths, esp. The band of colors less of the incident light, corresponding to lightness of the Wing 485. north, to points on the compass, to a specific place or site
441.
produced when sunlight is refracted and dispersed by a perceived color. 469. A part of a building projecting from and subordinate to a feature, or to local conditions of sunlight, wind, and
prism, comprising red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, Brightness central or main part. drainage.
and violet. The dimension of a color that is correlated with luminance Piloti Folly
Dark 455. and by which casual stimuli are ordered continuously 470. Any of a series of columns supporting a building above an A whimsical or extravagant structure built to serve as a
Designating a color having low lightness and low from very dim to very bright. Pure white has the maximum open ground level. 486. conversation piece, lend interest to a view, or
442.
saturation, and reflecting only a small fraction of incident brightness, and pure black the minimum brightness. Slab commemorate a person or event, found esp. In 18th-
light. Warm 471. A rectangular building having little width with respect to its century england.
Selective absorption 456. Designating a color inclined toward or dominated by red, length and height. Pavilion
487.
The absorption of certain wavelengths of the light incident orange, or yellow. Tower A small, often ornamental building in a garden.
443.
on a colored surface, the remaining portion being Cool A building or structure high in proportion to its lateral Bagh
472. 488.
reflected or transmitted. 457. Designating a color inclined toward or dominated by dimensions, either standing alone or forming part of a An enclosed garden in indian architecture.
Subtractive color green, blue, or violet. larger building. Merge
A color produced by mixing cyan, yellow, and magenta Advancing color Block 489. To combine, blend, or unite gradually by stages so as to
pigments, each of which absorbs certain wavelengths. A 458. A warm color that appears to move toward an observer, 473. A large building divided into a number of separate blur identity or distinctions.
444.
balanced mixture of these colorant or subtractive giving an illusion of space. apartments, offices, or shops. Plaza
primaries theoretically yields black since it absorbs all 490.
Receding color Court A public square or open space in a city or town.
wavelengths of visible light. 459. A cool color that appears to move away from an observer, 474. An area open to the sky and mostly or entirely Piazza
Additive color giving an illusion of space. surrounded by walls or buildings. 491. An open square or public place in a city or town, esp. In
A color produced by combining lights of red, green, and Color scheme Atrium italy.
445. blue wavelengths. These light or additive primaries 460. An arrangement or pattern of colors conceived of as A skylit, central court in building, esp. A large interior one Quadrangle
contain all the wavelengths necessary to produce a 475.
forming an integrated whole. having a glass roof and surrounded by several stories of 492. A square or quadrangular space or court surrounded by a
colorless or white light. Tint galleries. building or buildings, as on a college campus.
Pale 461. A relatively light value of a color, produced by adding Courtyard Mall
446. Designating a color having high lightness and low white to it. 476. A court adjacent to or within a building, esp. One A section of a street, typically in the downtown area of a
saturation. 493.
Color triangle enclosed on all four sides. city, from which vehicular traffic is excluded and used as
Brilliant A triangular diagram developed by faber birren to Patio a public walk or promenade.
447. Designating a color having high lightness and strong describe the relationship between a pure hue, white, and 477. A courtyard, esp. Of a house, enclosed by low buildings, Promenade
saturation. black, which combine to yield secondary tints, tones, arcades, or walls. 494. An area used for a stroll or walk, esp. In a public place, as
462.
Deep shades, and grays. All colors may be subjectively Atrium for pleasure or display.
448. Designating a color having low lightness and strong conceived as a mixture of the psychological 478. An open, skylit court around which a house or building is Alameda
saturation. primaries-red, yellow, green, and blue- plus the built. 495. In latin america, a boulevard, park or public garden
Gray scale achromatic pair of white and black. Loggia having a promenade lined with shade trees.
449. A scale of achromatic colors having several, usually ten, Reflected color A colonnaded or arcaded space within the body of a Galleria
equal gradations ranging from white to black. The perceived color of an object, determined by the 479.
building but open to the air on one side, often at an upper 496. A spacious promenade , court, indoor mall, usually having
Munsell system 463. wavelengths of the light reflected from its surface after story overlooking an open court. a vaulted roof with commercial establishments.
A system for specifying colors arranged in three orderly selective absorption of other wavelengths of the incident Piano nobile Allee
scales of uniform visual steps according to hue, chroma, light. 497.
450. The principal story of a large building, such as a palace or French term for broad walk planted with trees.
and value, developed in 1890 by albert h. Munsell. Hue Hue 480.
villa, with formal reception and dining rooms, usually one Arbor
extends in a rotary direction about a central axis through One of the three dimensions of color. The property of light flight above the ground floor. 498. A shelter of shrubs and branches or of latticework
a spectrum of five major and five secondary hues. 464. by which the color of an object is classified as being red, Cortile intertwined with climbing vines and flowers.
Saturation yellow, green, or blue, or an intermediate between any 481.
A large or principal courtyard of an italian palazzo. Trellis
451. One of the three dimensions of color. The purity or contiguous pair of these colors. Palazzo 499. A frame supporting open latticework, used as a screen or
vividness of a hue. Optical mixing 482. A large, imposing public building or private residence, a support for growing vines or plants.
Chroma The merging of juxtaposed dots or strokes of pure colors esp. In italy. Lattice
465.
The degree by which a color differs from a gray of the when seen from a distance to produce a hue often more Claim 500. A structure of crossed strips arranged to form a regular
452. 483.
same lightness or brightness, corresponding to saturation luminous than that available from a premixed pigment. To assert or demand recognition or possession. pattern of open spaces.
of the perceived color. Advancing color Front Surround
466. 484. 501.
Lightness ... To face in a specific direction or look out upon. To enclose or encompass on all sides.
The dimension of color by which an object appears to Rotunda Gazebo
453. reflect more or less of the incident light, varying from A round, domed building, or a large and high circular 502. A freestanding roofed structure, usually open on the
467.
black to white for surface colors and from black to space in such a building, esp. One surmounted by a sides, affording shade and rest in a garden or park.
colorless for transparent volume colors. dome.

PLFX2019DXB 24
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Fieche Short column P-delta effect Bit

503. A slender spire rising from the ridge of a roof, esp. One A thick column subject to failure by crushing rather than An additional moment developed in a structural member Contraction of binary+ digit: a variable or computed
above the crossing of a gothic church. by buckling. Failure occurs when the direct stress from an 534. as its longitudinal axis deviates from the line of action of a 546. quantity that can have only two possible values, such as
Martyrium 521. axial load exceeds the compressive strength of the compressive force, equal to the product of the load and the binary digits, 0 and 1, or logical values, such as
504. A church or other edifice erected over the tomb of a material available in the cross section. An eccentric load, the member deflection at any point. true/false, yes/no, or on/off.
martyr. however, can produce bending and result in an uneven Middle third rule Bit depth
Shade stress distribution in the section. The proposition that a compressive load should be The number of bits available for representing the color of
547.
505. A relatively dark value of a color, produced by adding Intermediate column 535. located within the middle third of a horizontal section of a a single pixel in a raster or bitmapped image. The more
black to it. A column having a mode of failure between that of a short column or wall to prevent tensile stresses from bits per pixel, the more colors can be displayed.
522.
Tone column and a long column, often partly inelastic by developing in the section. Vector image
506. An intermediate value of a color between a tint and crushing and partly elastic by buckling. Effective length A digital image created and defined by mathematically
shade. Pillar The distance between inflection points in a column 548. based software routines for such geometric primitives as
Gray An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of 536. subject to buckling. The effective length of a column points, straight lines, curves, and shapes, and form which
507. 523.
An achromatic color between white and black. brick or stone, used as a building support or standing determines its critical buckling load.when this portion of a more complex graphic elements can be created.
Achromatic alone as a monument. column buckles, the entire column fails. Bézier curve
508. Having no saturation and therefore no hue, such as white, Post Effective length factor 549. Any of class of mathematically derived curves developed
black, or gray. 524. A stiff vertical support, esp. A wooden column in timber A coefficient for modifying the actual length of a column by french engineer pierre bézier for cad/cam operations.
Color wheel framing. according to its end conditions in order to determine its RGB color model
537.
509. A circular scale of the colors of spectrum, showing Bifurcation effective length. Fixing both ends of a long column A color model in which white is the additive combination
complementary colors opposite each other. The critical point at which a column, carrying its critical reduces its effective length by half and increases its load of the three primary colored lights-- red, green, and blue
525.
Primary color buckling load, may either buckle or remain undeflected. carrying capacity by a factor of 4. lights can be added together in various ways to reproduce
550.
510. Any of a set of colors, such as red, yellow, and blue, The column is therefore in a state of neutral equilibrium. Combined stresses the spectrum of colors we see. The main purpose of this
regarded as generating all other colors. Critical buckling stress A set of tensile and compressive stresses resulting from is for the sensing, representation, and display of images
Secondary color 526. The critical buckling load for a column divided by the area 538. the superposition of axial and bending stresses at a cross in electronics display system, such as digital cameras,
511. A color, such as orange, green or violet. Produced by of its cross section. section of a structural member, acting in the same scanners, projectors, computer monitors, and televisions.
mixing two primary colors. Slenderness ratio direction and equal at any point to their algebraic sum. True color
Tertiary color 527. The ratio of the effective length of a column to its least Kern point A method for representing and storing graphical image
551.
A color, such as brown. Produced by mixing two radius of gyration. 539. A point on either side of the centroidal axis of a horizontal information using a 24-bit color depth to allow more than
512. Long column column or wall section defining the limits of the kern area. 16 million colors to be displayed in digital image.
secondary colors, or a secondary color with one of its
constituent primaries. 528. A slender column subject to failure by buckling rather Lateral bracing Cmyk
Complementary color than by crushing. The bracing of a column or other compression member to 552. Acronym for the four colored inks used in the printing
513. One of a pair of opposing colors on a color wheel, Buckling 540. reduce its effective length. Lateral bracing is most process-cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
perceived as completing or enhancing each other. The sudden lateral or torsional instability of a slender effective when the bracing pattern occurs in more than Cymk color model
Analogous color 529. structural member induced by the action of a compressive one plane. A color model in which the four colored inks used in color
514. One of two or three closely related colors on a color load. Buckling can occur well before the yield stress of Unbraced length printing - cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. Subtract
wheel. the material is reached. The distance between the points at which a structural brightness from the typically white background of the
541.
Triad Buckling load member is braced against buckling in a direction normal paper, with black resulting from the full combination of
553.
515. A combination of three colors forming an equilateral 530. The axial load at a which a column begins to deflect to its length. colored inks. Each of these colors absorbs certain
triangle on a color wheel. laterally and becomes unstable. Raster image wavelengths of light, with the colors we see being the
Split complementary Critical buckling load 542. A digital image that consists of a grid of closely spaced colors that are not absorbed. By using a halftone of dots
516. A combination of one color and the pair of colors The maximum axial load that can theoretically be applied pixels. for each color, the full spectrum of printed colors can be
adjoining its complementary color on a color wheel. to a column without causing it to buckle. The critical Raster images achieved.
531. Resolution
Double complementary buckling load for a column is inversely proportional to the Are typically characterized by pixel width and height and
517. A combination of two analogous colors and their square of its effective length, and directly proportional to by the number of bits per pixel, and can be stored in The degree of detail visible in a printed image or an
543.
complementary colors on a color wheel. the moment of inertia of the cross section. various file formats and viewed on a monitor, projected on image displayed on a computer monitor. The resolution of
554.
Monochromatic Radius of gyration screen, or printed on paper. The prime example was an image depends not only on how it was created but
518. Having only one color or exhibiting varying intensities and The radial distance from any axis to a point at which the digital photographs. also in its physical size and the distance from which we
values of a single hue. mass of a body could be concentrated without altering the Bitmap view it.
Polychromatic 532. moment of inertia of the body about that axis. For 544. A data structure representing a generally square or
519. structural section, the radius of gyration is equal to the rectangular grid of pixels.
Having or exhibiting a variety of colors.
Tone square root of the quotient of the moment of inertia and Pixel
520. An intermediate value of a color between a tint and a the area. 545. Contraction of picture + element: the smallest
shade. Eccentricity addressable area of illumination on a display screen.
533. The amount by which an axis deviates from another
parallel axis.

PLFX2019DXB 25

Scanner resolution
The resolution at which the charge-coupled device (ccd)
or other sensor of a scanner samples an original,usually
expressed in samples per inch (spi). Manufacturers often
555. use dots per inch (dpi) in lieu of spi in specifying the
resolution capability of their capability of their scanners,
but technically there are no dots in the scanned image
until it is printed. The higher the resolution of the scanned
image. The more faithful the scan is to the original.
Display resolution
The resolution at which a computer monitor displays an
image, which may be specified by the number of pixels
556. per inch (ppi) that can be displayed in each direction (e.g.
A pixel density of 96ppi), or by the number of columns
and rows of pixels per inch (ppi) creating the display(e.g.
Pixel dimension 1280x800).
Camera resolution
The resolution at which the electronic sensor of a digital
camera captures an image, expressed in megapixels or
how many millions of pixels it can record in a single
557.
image. Or example, a camera that captures 1600x1200
pixels produces an image with a resolution of 1.92
millions pixels, which is rounded up to 2 megapixels for
marketing purposes.
Print resolution
The resolution at which an imagesetter, laser printer, or
other printing device can produce text and graphics,
usually measured in dots of ink or toner per inch (dpi).
558.
Most printers print the same number of dots horizontally
and vertically. For example, a 600 dpi printer will place
600 tiny little dots across a horizontal inch and 600 dots in
a vertical inch.
Computer-aided design
The use of computer technology in the design of real or
virtual jects and enviroments. The tern includes a variety
of software and hardware technologles, from the
559.
vector~based drawing and drafting of lines and figures in
two dimensional space(2D CAD) to the modeling and
animation of surfaces and solids in three-dimensional (3D
CAD) space. Abbr.: CAD
CADD
560.
Acronym for computer~aided design and drafting.
Computer modeling
The use of computer technology and mathematical
algorithms to create abstract models of systems and
processes to simulate their behavior. For architectural
561.
applications, computer modeling software enables the
creation and manipulation of virtual, three-dimensional
models of existing or proposed buildings and
environments for analysis, testing and appraisal.
Wireframe modeling
Computer modeling that represents the form of a
three-dimensional object or building by specifying the
562.
vertices and edges off all mathematically continuous
surfaces, including opposite sides and all internal
components normally hidden from view.
VISUAL DICTIONARY
Surface modeling
Computer modeling that represents the geometric
structure of a three-dimensional object or building by
defining its surfaces rather than its interior volume,
usually with polygons consisting of vertices, edges and
faces, creating a polygon mesh that can be edited by
subdividing, trimming, intersecting, stretching or
563.
projecting. Because curved surfaces can only be
approximated by a polygon mesh, such mathematical
algorithms as non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS)
are used to model true curves and complex surfaces.
Modeled surfaces can also be texture-mapped to add
color and texture, and be assigned weight and a center of
gravity for simulations.
Blobitecture
From blob + architecture: a term coined by Grey Lynn to
describe experiments with indeterminate forms in digital
564. design. Now, an often derogatory and rounded shapes
and forms. While seemingly arbitrary in nature, many
exemples reply on computer modeling algorithms to
derive their freeform surfaces.
BuildingSMART International
Trademarked name for an international organization with
reprecesentation in North American, Europe, Asia, and
Australia, bringing together architects, engineers,
565. contractors, facilities managers, product manufacturers,
and software vendors to define and develop open
international standards and protocols for data echange in
building information modeling; formerly the International
Aillance for Interoperability.
BuildingSMART alliance
Trademarked name for a council of the National Institute
of Building Standards (NIBS). established to develop and
promote open standards for gathering, maintaining, and
566.
communicating technical information for the design,
construction, and facilities industries, and the full
life~cycle implementation of a single National Building
Information Model Standrad (NBIMS).
National Building Information Model Standard
A project the buildingSMART alliance to develop a series
of open-source national standards and guidance for all
567.
aspects of building information modeling for the
architecture, engineering, construction, and facilities
management industries. Abbr.: NBIMS
Industry Foundation Classes
An open specification for an object-oriented file format for
BIM modeling, develop and maintained by
568. buildingSMART International ( formerly the International
Alliance for Interoperability) to facilitate interoperability
among software platforms in the building industry.
Abb.:IFC
OmniClass
Trademark for a construction classification structure for
569.
electronic databases, incorporating other extant systems
currently in use, such as MasterFormat and UniFormat.
PLFX2019DXB
Building information modeling
A digital technology for creating, managing, coordinating,
and optimizing building data, using a database of project
information and three-dimensional, dynamic modeling
software to facilitate the exchange and interoperability of
building information, including building geometry, spatial
relationship, lighting analysis, geographic information,
570.
and quantities and properties of building materials and
computers, Building information modeling software can
be used for the life-cycle of a building from design to
visualization studies, production of contract documents,
simulation and analysis of building performance,
coordination of the construction process, and
management of facilities operation. Abb.:BIM
4D modeling
BIM modeling that intergrates three-dimensional CAD
571. drawings with the fourth demension of time to visualize
the construction sequence and identify scheduling
constraints, conflicts, and opportunities for optimization.
5D modeling
BIM modeling that integrates three-dimensional CAD
drawing with the dimensions of time and cost data to
visually link design and scheduling with pricing and
572. budgeting for equipment, labor,and materials. 5D
modeling enables users to analyze the effect a
contemplated change would have on other sections of a
project as well as how the change might affect both cost
and scheduling.
Solid modeling
Computer modeling that represents both the geometric
structure and the interior volume of a three dimensional
573.
object or building. With a solid model, it is possible to
assign physical properties, calculate physical behavior,
and to check for object interference.
National Building Information Model Standard
574.
...
Boolean operations
Any of a number of operations based on boolean logic
575. and used in computer modeling to form more complex
objects from a set of primitives, such as the
cube,cylinder,sphere,pyramid, or cone.
Boolean union
An additive process that combines two or more individual
576. and separate solids into a single new solid that consists
of both the common and uncommon volumes of the
selected solids.
Boolean difference
A subtractive process that removes or carves out the
577.
common volume from either one or the other of the
selected solids.
Parametric modelling
Computer modeling that used rules and constraints to
define and represent the attributes and behaviors of a
578. three dimensional object or building and to maintain
consistent relationships and interactions among its
elements and components. Also called feature based
modeling.
Computer simulation
The computer modeling of a natural, human, or
579. engineering system to predict and evaluate its behavior
and performance,esp. When too complex for conventional
analytic solutions.
Digital lighting
Any of a range of digital techniques for modeling and
580.
simulating the lighting of three dimensional forms and
spaces.
Ray casting
A digital technique for analyzing the three dimensional
geometry of forms and determining the illumination and
shading of surfaces based on their orientation to an
581.
assumed light source. Does not take into account the way
light travels after intersecting a surface and therefore
cannot accurately render reflections, refractions, or the
natural fall off of shadows.
Local illumination
A basic level of ray tracing that is limited to direct
illumination and ambient light rays. Local illumination
582.
does not take into account the diffuse inter-reflection of
light among the surfaces in a three dimensional space or
scene.
Global illumination
A computationally intensive digital technique that uses
sophisticated algorithms to more accurately simulate the
illumination of a space or scene by taking into account not
583. only the light rays that are emitted directly from one or
more sources but also tracking the light rays as they are
reflected or refracted from one surface to another,
especially the diffuse inter-reflections that occur among
the surfaces in a space or scene.
Ray tracing
A global illumination technique for simulating the optical
effects of illumination, executed by tracing the path a ray
584. of light travels from its source to a surface that interrupts
its progress, where it may be absorbed, reflected, or
refracted in one or more directions, depending on the
material, color, and texture of the surface.
26

Radiosity
A global illumination algorithm for rendering all of the
luminous energy emitted and reflected from the diffuse
surfaces in a scene, based on a detailed analysis of the
rate of transfer of radiant energy between the surfaces.
585. Considered to be more accurate but also more
computationally intensive than ray tracing, Radiosity
assumes that all surfaces emit and reflect energy
uniformly over their entire area, and that all of the energy
in an environment can be accounted for through
absorption and reflection.
3d printing
586. A computer-driven rapid prototyping process using a
printer to build a physical model directly from 3d cad data.
Stereolithography
An additive manufacturing technology for producing
587. physical objects or models, using a vat of liquid uv-
curable photopolymer resin and a uv laser to fabricate the
designed object a single thin layer at a time.
Cnc router
Computer numerical control router. A machine tool or
588. other powered mechanical device driven and controlled
by a computer program to fabricate components, esp. By
the milling of plywood and other sheet materials.
Laser cutter
A machine that uses a computer controlled laser to cut,
589. bore, or engrave such sheet materials as paperboard,
basswood, and plexiglass. Industrial grade laser cutters
can also be used on structural and piping materials.
Z plotter
a computer controlled machine that uses additive
590.
manufacturing technology to fabricate a plot of three
dimensional data.
Computer aided manufacturing
The use of computer technology to control the operations
of a manufacturing plant, esp. The control of machine
591. tools. Advantages of computer aided manufacturing
include greater precision, efficiency, and material
consistency, and a reduction in energy consumption and
waste.
Rapid prototyping
Any of various techniques for fabricating physical objects
using the data from a cad drawing or virtual 3d model and
592. additive manufacturing technology to lay down
successive layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material,
which are glued or fused together to create the final
physical model.
Digital fabrication
The use of 3d modeling software and a cnc router, a laser
593. cutter, or z plotter to fabricate a physical object or
component . The nature of the process encourages
generative strategies.
Natural cement
594. A naturally occurring clayey limestone that, when calcined
and finely pulverized, produces a hydraulic cement.
VISUAL DICTIONARY
Pozzolan
A siliceous material, such as fly ash, that reacts
chemically with slaked lime in the presence of moisture to
595.
form a slow-hardening cement, named after a natural
cement from pozzuoli, an ancient roman town near
vesuvius.
Siliceous
596.
Containing silica or a silicate.
Fly ash
597. Fine particles of ash recovered from the waste gases of a
solid-fuel furnace.
Cement
A calcined mixture of clay and limestone, finely pulverized
598.
and used as an ingredient in concrete and mortar. The
term is frequently used incorrectly for concrete.
Tricalcium silicate
A compound constituting about half the volume of
599.
portland cement and responsible for the hardening or
early gain in strength of the cement.
Dicalcium silicate
A compound constituting about one quarter of the volume
600.
of portland cement and responsible for the aging or long
term gain in strength of the cement.
Tricalcium aluminate
A compound constituting about one tenth of the volume of
601.
portland cement and responsible for the initial setting of
the cement.
Clinker
602. A fused mass of incombustible matter resulting from
heating in a kiln or the burning of coal.
Calcine
To heat a substance to a high temperature but without
603.
melting or fusing to drive off volatile matter or to cause
oxidation or reduction.
Portland cement
A hydraulic cement made by burning a mixture of clay
604. and limestone in a rotary kiln and pulverizing the resulting
clinker into a very fine powder, named for its resemblance
to a limestone quarried on the isle of portland, england.
Hydraulic cement
605. Cement capable of setting and hardening by a reaction
with water.
Type I: normal
606. A portland cement used for general construction, having
none of the distinguishing qualities of the other types.
Type II: moderate
A portland cement having a reduced content of Tricalcium
aluminate, making it more resistant to sulfates and
causing it to generate less heat of hydration; used in
607.
general construction where resistance to moderate
sulfate action is required or where heat buildup can be
damaging, as in the construction of large piers and heavy
retaining walls.
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Type III: high early strength
A very finely ground portland cement having an increased
content of tricalcium silicate, causing it to cure faster and
608. gain strength earlier than normal portland cement; used
when the early removal of formwork is desired, or in
cold-weather construction to reduce the time required for
protection from low temperatures.
Type IV: low heat
A portland cement having a reduced content of tricalcium
silicate and an increased content of dicalcium silicate,
609. causing it to generate less heat of hydration than normal
portland cement; used in the construction of massive
concrete structures, such as gravity dams, where a large
buildup in heat can be damaging.
Type V : sulfate resisting
A portland cement having a reduced content of tricalcium
610. aluminate, lessening the need for gypsum, a sulfate
normally added to cement to retard its setting time ; used
where resistance to severe sulfate action is required.
Air-entraining portland cement
A type I, type II, or type III portland cement to which a
611. small quantity of an air-entraining agent has been
interground during manufacture; designated by the suffix
A, as in type IA, type IIA, or type IIIA.
White portland cement
A portland cement produced from raw materials low in
612. iron oxide and manganese oxide, the substances that
give concrete its gray color, used in precast concrete
work and in the making of terrazzo, stucco, and tile grout.
Sulfate action
An expansive reaction occurring when the cement matrix
613.
of concrete or mortar comes in contract with sulfates
dissolved in ground water or in soil.
Entrained air
Microscopic, spherical air bubbles, typically 0.004 to 0.04
614.
in. (0.1 to 1.0mm) in diameter, intentionally dispersed in a
concrete or mortar mix by an air-entraining agent.
Boolean intersection
615. Is a process that creates a new solid based on the
common volume shared by two or more selected solids.
Effective length
616.
...
Kern
The central area of any horizontal section of a column or
wall within which the resultant of all compressive loads
617.
must pass if only compressive stresses are to be present
in the section. A compressive load applied beyond this
area will cause tensile stresses to develop in the section.
VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE
Aesthetic
The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art,
1.
beauty, and taste, with a view to establishing the meaning
and validity of critical judgements concerning works of art.
Environmental Design
The ordering of the physical environment by means of
2.
architecture engineering, construction, landscape
architecture, urban design, and city planning.
Urban Design
3. The aspect of architecture and city planning that deals
with the design of urban structures and spaces
Interior Design
The art, business, or profession of planning the design
4. and supervising the execution of architectural interiors,
including their color schemes, furnishings, fittings,
finishes, and sometimes architectural features.
Space Planning
The aspect of architecture and interior design that deals
5.
with the planning, layout, design, and furnishing of spaces
within a proposed or existing building
Science
A branch of knowledge dealing with the body of facts or
6. truths obtained by direct observation, experimental
investigation, and methodical study, systematically
arranged and showing the operation of general laws
Behavioral Science
Any of the sciences, such as sociology and anthropology,
7.
that seek to discover general truths from the observation
of human behavior in society
Sociology
The science of human social institutions and
8. relationships, specifically the study of the origin,
development, structure, functioning, and collective
behavior of organized groups of human beings
Anthropology
The science of human beings, specifically the study of the
9.
origins, physical and cultural development, and
environmental and social relations of humankind.
Landscape Architecture
The art, business, or profession of designing, arranging,
10.
or modifying the features of landscape for aesthetic or
practical reasons
Arch
11. A curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to
support a vertical load primarily by axial compression
Masonry Arch
12.
An arch constructed of individual stone or brick voussoirs
Keystone
The wedge-shaped, often embellished voussoir at the
13.
crown of an arch, serving to lock the other voussoir in
place
Voussoir
Any of the wedge-shaped units in a masonry arch or
14.
vault, having side cuts converging at one of the arch
centers
Springer
15.
The first voussoir resting on the impost of an arch
Extrados
16. The exterior curve, surface, or boundary of the visible
face of an arch. Also called back
27
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Archivolt Flat Arch Roman Arch Trefoil Arch

17. A decorative molding or band on the face of an arch An arch having a horizontal intrados with voussoirs
31.
following the curve of the intrados radiating from a center below, often built with a slight
Intrados camber to allow for settling. Also called jack arch
18. The inner curve of the surface of an arch forming the French Arch
concave 32. A flat arch having voussoirs inclined to the same angle on
Spring each side of the center
19. The point at which an arch, vault, or dome rises from its Triangular Arch
36.
support. Also known as springing 33. A primitive form of arch consisting of two stones laid
Rise diagonally to support each other over an opening
20. The height of an arch from the spring line to the highest Corbel Arch
point of the intrados
41.
Impost
21. The uppermost part of an abutment, often in the form of a
block, capital, or molding, from which an arch springs
Crown An arch having a semicircular intrados
22. The highest part or points of a convex construction, such Rampant Arch
as an arch, vault, or roadway
Haunch
23. Either side of an arch curving down from the crown to the
impost
Spandrel
37. An arch having a cusped intrados with three round or
34. pointed foils
Segmented Arch
42. An arch struck from one or more centers below the
springing line
24. Skewback
43. A stone or course of masonry having a sloping face
An arch having one impost higher than the other against which the end of a segmental arch rest
Stilted Arch Pointed Arch
The triangular-shaped, sometimes ornamented area 38. An arch resting on imposts treated as downward 44.
between the extrados of the two adjoining arches, or An arch having a pointed crown
continuations of the archivolt
between the left or right extrados of an arch and the Equilateral Arch
A false arch constructed by corbelling courses from each Bell Arch
rectangular framework surrounding it 39. A round arch resting on two large corbels with curved
side of an opening until they meet at a midpoint where a
Skew Arch faces
capstone is laid to complete the work. The stepped
25. An archway having sides or jambs not at right angles with Horseshoe Arch
reveals may be smoothed, but no arch action is affected
the face of its abutments
Round Arch
Order
Any of several concentric rings of masonry forming an
26.
arch, especially when each projects beyond the one
below 45.
Lag
27. A cross piece connecting the ribs in a centering. Also
called bolster
Centering 35.
28. A temporary framework for supporting a masonry arch or 40.
vault during construction until the work can support itself
Camber Piece
29. A board used as centering for a flat arch, slightly crowned A pointed arch having two centers and radii equal to the
to allow for settling of the arch. Also called camber slip span
Abutment An arch having a continuously curved intrados, especially A pointed arch especially one having
46. Gothic Arch
30. The part of a structure receiving and supporting the thrust a semi circular one two centers and an equal radii
of an arch, vault, or strut
An arch having an intrados that widens above the
springing before narrowing to a rounded crown. Also
called a Moorish Arch

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 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Lancet Arch Effective Span Sailor English Bond

70.
55. The center-to-center distance between the supports of a A brick laid vertically with the broad face exposed
span Shiner
Simple Beam 71. A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the broad
56. A beam resting on a simple supports at both ends, which face exposed. Also called bull stretcher
are free to rotate and have no moment resistance. 82.
Brickwork
Cantilever Beam 72. Brick construction, especially the art of bonding bricks A brickwork having alternate courses of header and
effectively stretchers in which the header are centered on the
47.
Bond stretchers and the joints between stretchers line up
Any various arrangements of masonry units having a vertically in all courses
57. 73. regular, recognizable, usually overlapping pattern to English Cross Bond
increase the strength and enhance the appearance of the A modified english bond in which the head joints in the
construction. 83.
stretching courses are offset by half the length of a
Running Bond stretcher. Also called Dutch Bond
A pointed arch having two centers and radii greater than A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end Queen Close
the span 84. A brick of half the normal width, used for completing a
Overhanging Beam
A pointed arch having two centers and 58. A simple beam extending beyond one its supports. course or for spacing regular bricks
48. Drop Arch
a radii less than the span Flemish Bond
Double Overhanging Beam
Tudor Arch 59. 74.
A simple beam extending beyond both of its supports
Fixed End Beam
A beam having both ends restrained against translation
60. and rotation. The fixed ends transfer bending stresses, 85.
increase the rigidity of the beam, and reduce its maximum A brickwork or masonry bond composed of overlapping
49. stretchers. Also called stretcher bond
deflection.
Continuous Beam Common Bond A brickwork bond having alternating headers and
A beam extending over more than two supports in order A brickwork bond having a course of headers between stretchers in each course, each header being centered
61. 75.
to develop greater rigidity and smaller moments than a every five or six courses of stretchers. Also called above and below a stretcher
A four centered arch having an inner pair of curves with a American bond
series of simple beams having similar spans and loading. King Close
radius much greater than that of the outer pair Closer
Brick 86. A three quarter brick for finishing a course or for spacing
Ogee Arch A masonry unit specifically formed or cut to finish a
A masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism 76. regular bricks
62. course or complete the bond at the corner of a wall. Also,
while plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing in Flemish Cross Bond
a kiln. closure 87. A modified Flemish bond having courses of alternate
Soap Stretching Course headers and stretchers alternating with stretching course
77.
63. A brick or tile having normal face dimensions but a A continuous course of stretchers in brickwork Flare Header
nominal thickness of 2 in. or 51 mm Heading Course 88. A brick having a darker end exposed as a header in
78.
Bat A continuous course of headers in brickwork patterned brick work
50. 64.
A brick cut transversely so as to leave one end whole Bond Course Flemish Diamond Bond
Gauge 79. A continuous course of headers or bond stones 89. A form of Flemish cross bond in which the courses are
65. overlapping more than one wythe of masonry
To chip or rub stones or bricks to a certain size or shape offset to form a diamond pattern
Stretcher Solider Course Garden Wall Bond
80.
66. A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall A continuous course of soldiers in brickwork
A pointed arch, each haunch of which is a double curve with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface Stack Bond
with the concave side uppermost Header
Surbased Arch 67. A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall
51. A pointed arch, each haunch of which is a double curve with the shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface
with the concave side uppermost Rowlock
Beam 81.
90.
52. A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer
transverse loads across space supporting elements
Span 68.
53. The extent of space between two supports of a structure. A brickwork masonry bond having successive courses of
Also the structure so supported. stretchers with all head joints aligned vertically. A brickwork bond for lightly loaded boundary walls,
A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the having a sequence of a header and three stretchers in
Clear Span shorter end exposed.
54. The distance between the inner faces of the supports of a each course, which each header being centered over a
Soldier header in alternate courses
span 69.
A brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed

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 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Building Crawl Space Subbasement Balcony

115.
91. A relatively permanent enclosed structure constructed An area in a building having a clearance less than human A story or floor below the main basement of a building 122. Elevated platform projecting from the wall of a building
over a plot of land for habitable use 103. height, but accessible by crawling, especially such a Facade and enclosed by a railing or parapet
Superstructure space below the first floor that is enclosed by the Porch
92. A vertical extension of a building or other construction foundation walls. 123. An exterior appendage to a building forming a covered
above the foundation Attic approach or vestibule to a door way
Shell 104. A room or space directly under the roof of a building Portico
93.
The exterior framework or walls and roof of a building especially a house 124. A porch having a roof supported by columns, often
Substructure Half Story leading to the entrance of a building
94. The underlying structure forming the foundation of a 105. A usable living space within a sloping roof, usually having Forecourt
building or other construction dormer windows for lighting 125. A courtyard before the entrance to a building or a group
Edifice Cellar of buildings
95. A building especially one of large size, massive structure, 116. Veranda
or imposing appearance A large, open porch, usually roofed and partly enclosed,
126.
Skyscraper as by a railing, often extending across the front and sides
A building of exceptional height and many stories, of a house
96.
supported by a steel or concrete framework from which Lanai
127.
the walls are suspended A veranda especially one used as a living room
Storey Colonnade
A complete horizontal division of a building, having a 106. 128. A series of regularly space columns supporting an
97.
continuous or nearly continuous floor and comprising the The front of a building or any of its sides facing a public entablature and usually one side of a roof structure
space between two adjacent levels way or space, especially one distinguished by its Terrace
High Rise architectural treatment 129. An open, often paved area connected to a house or
98. Describing a building having a comparatively large Frontispiece building serving as an outdoor living area
number of stories and equipped with elevators A principal facade or a part or feature of a facade, often Deck
Low Rise 117. 130. An open porch, unroofed porch or platform extending
A room or set of rooms for the storage of food, fuel, or the treated as a separate element of the design and
99. Describing a building having one, two, or three stories highlighted by ornamentation from a house of other building
and usually no elevator like, wholly or partly underground and usually beneath a
Pavilion Portal
building
Mid Rise 131. A doorway, gate or entrance especially an imposing one
100. Describing a building having a moderately large number Storm Cellar emphasized by size and stately architectural treatment
of stories, usually 5-10, and equipped with elevators A cellar or other underground place for shelter during
107. Rotunda
violent storms, such as cyclones, tornadoes, or
Loft 132. A round, domed building, or large and high circular space
hurricanes. Also called cyclone cellar
One of the upper floors of a warehouse or factory, in such a building, especially one surmounted by a dome
101. typically unpartitioned and sometimes converted or Bulk Head
Loggia
adapted to other uses such as living quarters, artist's 108. A horizontal or inclined door over a stairway giving
A colonnade or arcaded space within the body of a
access to a cellar 133.
studios, or exhibition galleries building but open to the air on one side, often at an upper
Loft Building Floor 118. story overlooking an open court
A continuous supporting surface extending horizontally
109. Piano Nobile
throughout a building, having a number of rooms and
The principal story of a large building, such as a palace or
constituting one level in the structure 134.
villa, with formal reception and dining rooms, usually one
Mezzanine flight above the ground floor
A low or partial story between two main stories of a
110. Court
building, especially one that projects as a balcony and
135. An area open to the sky and mostly or entirely
forms a composition with the story beneath it A projecting subdivision of a facade, usually accented by surrounded by walls or buildings
First Floor more elaborate decoration or greater height and Atrium
111. The ground floor of a building. In Britain, it is immediately distinction of skyline
102. A skylit, central court in a building, especially a large
above the ground floor False Front 136.
119. interior one having a glass roof and surrounded by
Ground Floor A facade falsifying the size or importance of a building several stories of glass
112.
The floor of the building at or nearest to the ground level Story Courtyard
Areaway 120. A major horizontal architectural division, as of a facade or 137. A court adjacent to or within a building, especially one
113. A sunken area affording access, air, and light to a the wall of a nace enclosed on all four sides
basement door or window Fenestrations Patio
A building having several floors with large areas of Basement 121. The design, proportioning and disposition of windows and 138. A courtyard especially of a house, enclosed by low
unobstructed space, originally rented out for light 114. A story of a building that is wholly or partly below ground other exterior openings of a building buildings, arcades, or walls
industrial purposes and now frequently converted to level
residential occupancy

PLFX2019DXB 30
 VISUAL DICTIONARY

Promenade
139. An area used for a stroll or walk, especially in a public
place, as for pleasure or display
Trellis
140. A frame supporting open latticework, used as a screen or
a support for growing vines or plants
Lattice
141. A structure of crossed strips arranged to form a regular
pattern of open spaces
Belvedere
142. A building or architectural feature of a building, designed
and situated to look out upon a pleasing scene
Topiary
143. Clipped or trimmed into ornamental and fantastic shapes,
or the work or art of such clipping
Parterre
144. An ornamental arrangement of flower beds of different
shapes and sizes
Ceiling
145. The overhead interior surface or lining of a room, often
concealing the underside of the floor or roof above
Beam Ceiling
146. The underside of a floor showing the supporting beams
and finished to form a ceiling
Drop Ceiling
147. A secondary ceiling formed to provide space for piping or
ductwork, or to alter the proportions of a room
Suspended Ceiling
A ceiling suspended from an overhead floor or roof
148.
structure to provide space for pipes, ductwork, lighting
fixtures, or other service equipment
Plenum
The space between a suspended ceiling and the floor
structure above, especially one that serves as a receiving
149.
chamber for conditioned air to be distributed to inhabited
spaces or for return air to be conveyed back to a central
plant for processing

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