TAMARIND TRAINING CENTRE

TOPICS FOR PREBEGINNERS - A

FIRST TERM
1. SALUTATION (Revision Notes)
2. SELF INTRODUCTION (Revision Notes)
3. PARTS OF SPEECH
4. SIMPLE NOUNS [animals, insects, fruits & vegetables, different
things] (Revision Notes)
5. PERSONAL PRONOUNS (Revision Notes)
6. SIMPLE ADJECTIVES (20 with their meanings)
7. THE USE OF AUXILIARY VERBS
i. TO BE (AM, IS, ARE, WAS and WERE with adj, main
verb and places)
ii. TO DO (DO, DOES and DID with main verbs)
iii. MODAL AUXILIARIES (WILL, SHALL, CAN,
MAY, MUST and SHOULD with main verbs)
iv. TO HAVE (HAVE and HAS with main verbs)
8. Q & A
9. TALKING AND READING

SECOND TERM
10. CONJUGATION OF MAIN VERBS (Regular 20 and
Irregular 20)
11. SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS (Place or Position, Time,
Direction and Possession)
12. PEOPLE‟S OCCUPATION
13. ARTICLES (The use of a, an, the, some and any)
14. SENTENCE COMPOSITIONS

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15. CONVERSIONS (Swahili to English and English to
Swahili)
16. SENTENCE ARRANGEMENTS
17. SIMPLE PROVERBS
18. ONE WORD FOR MANY
19. ODD WORDS
20. DIALOGUES
21. DICTATIONS
22. Q&A
23. TALKING & READING

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SALUTATION (SALAMU)
Short Salutation
Thank you God, thank you teacher, thank you my dear fellow
students.
May the peace of Allah be upon you!

Long Salutation
Firstly, I should like to thank Allah who created Adam with us in a
good creation no one can deny it. Secondly I should like to thank my
dear teacher who teaches me this language. Last but not least I should
like to thank my dear fellow students who are with me discussing this
and that so as to achieve our goals.
May the peace of Allah be upon you! (Same to you/Upon you too) or
Everybody Hi! (Hello!)
Note: This kind of salutation is used mainly in meetings or gatherings
of people.

GREETINGS
This is how to know the condition of someone by saluting them.
A. Common Greetings (Salamu Za Kawaida)
Examples
Good morning, good afternoon, good evening, good night, how do
you feel?

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Greetings (Maamkizi) Response (Majibu)
a) Good morning! Good morning, how are you?
I‟m fine/I‟m okay. (I‟m not
fine/okay)
b) How about you?/And you? I‟m also fine/OK (And me as
well/too)
c) Good night! (Usiku mwema) Good night!
d) How do you do? How do you do? (Naendelea
(Unaendeleaje?) vizuri)
e) How do you feel? I feel fine/alright/OK
(Unajisikiaje?)

B. Other Greetings (Salamu Nyenginezo)

Example:
Greetings (Maamkizi) Response (Majibu)
a) How is it? It‟s fine. (It is fine).

b) How are things? Everything is fine/OK/alright.

c) What‟s up? (What is up?) Cool/Good/
d) How is your brother? (Kaka He‟s fine. (Anaendelea vizuri)
yako anaendeleaje?)

SELF-INTRODUCTION (BIOGRAPHY/BACK-GROUND)
This is the way of explaining yourself and make other people know
about you. The following are the key points.
1. Full name.
2. Date and place of birth.
3. Residence.
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 4. Academic background.
5. Occupation/Job/Employment.
6. Marital status/Marriage
7. Future ambition/Future expectation.
8. Hobbies/Interests
Example of Self-introduction
My full name is Ali Omar Ali. I was born in 2002 at M/mmoja
hospital. Now I‟m fifteen years old. I live at Mwera with my parents. I
have two brothers and three sisters, I‟m the second born in my family.
I started my primary education in 2005 at Mwera Primary School.
And until now I‟m a student of Form one at Forodhani Sec. School. In
my future I want to be a good teacher so as to help my society and my
family. I like learning, reading books and swimming, but I hate
gossiping.

ASKING FOR AND GIVING PERMISSION:

When you ask for permission to use something that belongs to
someone else you have to do your best to be polite. It is desirable to
use the word "please."
Asking for Permission:
1. Can I go out, please?
2. May I open the window, please?
3. Please, can I have a look at your photo album?
4. Please, may I taste that food?
5. Do you mind if I take your pencil?
6. Would you mind if I asked you something?
7. Is it okay if I sit here?
8. Would it be all right if I borrowed your sharpener?
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Giving Permission:
1. Yes, please do.
2. Sure, go ahead.
3. Sure.
4. No problem.
5. Please feel free.
6. Yes, you may.
7. Exactly
8. Absolutely.
Refusing to give permission:
1. No, please don‟t.
2. I‟m sorry, but that‟s not possible.
3. I'm afraid, but you can't.
4. No, you may not.

PARTS OF SPEECH (AINA ZA MANENO)

Part of speech are the words which are used in our daily life or are the
words which are used in speech or writing.
Types of Parts of Speech
Parts of speech are divided into eight kinds, namely
Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions,
conjunctions and interjections.
1. Nouns (Nomino/Majina)
Nouns are words that are used to name people, places, animals, ideas
and things.

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Examples:
ball, car, stick, stone, Fatma, Charles, …………………
Examples:
1. This is a ball.
2. We have two cars.
3. My name is Fatma.
4. His name is Charles.
5. Give me a stick.
6. ……………………………………………………………………
2. Pronouns (Viwakilishi)
Pronouns are words that are used instead of a noun in a sentence.
Examples:
I, he, she, it, them, his, yours etc.,
Examples:
1. I am a student.
2. Where is your father?
3. He is our friend.
4. That is my mom.
5. Yesterday I hurt myself.
3. Verbs (Vitendo/Vitenzi)
Verbs are words that show time or an action in a sentence.
Examples:
read, sit, run, pick, eat, come, am, is, will etc.
Examples:
1. She plays netball every day.

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 2. Omar and Hussein are going to school.
3. My friends visited me last week.
4. Did you see Ali?
5. My name is Mgeni.
4. Adverbs (Vielezi)
Adverbs are words that are used to talk about verbs, adjectives and
other adverbs.
Examples:
today, quickly, early, tomorrow, here, every day etc.
Examples:
1. Did you come here?
2. I did not go to school yesterday.
3. Savio reads the newspaper every day.
4. Can you please come quickly?
5. Adjectives (Vivumishi)
Adjectives are words that are used to express the quality, quantity,
number and to point out the person or thing.
good, ugly, quick, beautiful, late, many, six, etc.
Examples of adjectives used in sentences:
1. Our school is good.
2. That man is ugly.
3. My sister is beautiful.
4. Ali is tall.
6. Prepositions (Vihusishi/Vijumuishi)
Prepositions are words that are used to show relation in a sentence.
Examples: in, out, beside, in front of, below, opposite, etc.
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Examples of prepositions used in sentences:
1. Your book is on the table.
2. Maryam is in the kitchen.
3. The pen is under the chair.
4. Our house is near the road.
5. Now I am at home.
6. We shall go without you.
7. Conjunctions (Viunganishi)
Conjunctions are the words that are used to connect two words in a
sentence. Examples: and, or, but, because, if, etc.
Examples:
1. Asha and Arafa are friends.
2. Give my pen or I will tell the teacher.
3. Juma was sick but he came to school.
4. I will not go to school because today is holiday.
5. We shall help you if you tell us about your problem.
8. Interjections (Vihisishi)
Interjections are words that are used to convey strong emotions or
feelings. Examples: oh, wow, alas, yippee, congratulation, etc. It is
always followed by an exclamation mark.
Examples of interjections used in sentences:
1. Wow! What a wonderful work.
2. Alas! That is really sad.
3. Yippee! We won the match.

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NAMES OF FRUITS IN ENGLISH
S/N ENGLISH KISWAHILI
1. Apple Tunda au Epuli
2. Pine apple Nanasi
3. Bread fruit Shelisheli
4. Cashew nut Korosho
5. Ground nuts/Pea nuts Njugu/karanga
6. Coconut Nazi
7. Mango Embe
8. Golden mango Embe ya kizungu
9. Avocado Parachichi
10. Guava Pera
11. Tamarind Ukwaju
12. Star fruit/Carambola Mbirimbi
13. Grapes Zabibu
14. Grape fruit Balungi
15. Mandarin Chenza
16. Orange Chungwa
17. Rambutan/Lychee Shoki shoki
18. Banana Ndizi
19. Jujube Kunazi
20. Jam Zambarau
21. Dorian Doriani
22. Rubber vine Bungo
23. Sour sop Stafeli
24. Watermelon Tikiti maji
25. Paw paw/Papaya Papai
26. Lemon Limau
27. Lime Ndimu
28. Zanzibar apple Tofaa
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29. Jack fruit Fenesi
30. Pear Pea
31. Olive Zaituni
32. Sugar cane Muwa
33. Pomegranate Komamanga

THE NAMES OF VEGETABLES IN ENGLISH

S/N ENGLISH KISWAHILI
1. Beans Maharage
2. Tomato Tungule
3. Aubergine/Eggplant Bilingani
4. Cucumber Tango
5. Okra/Lady‟s finger Bamia
6. Pumpkin Boga
7. Pigeon Peas Mbaazi
8. Green Peas Njegere
9. Lentils Dengu
10. Mung beans Choroko
11. Bambara nuts/Bambara beans Njugu mawe
12. Wheat Ngano
13. Maize Mahindi/Muhindi
14. Corn Hindi
15. Corn flour/maize flour Unga wa mahindi/Sembe
16. Rice Mchele
17. Sesame Ufuta
18. Potato Mbatata
19. Carrot Karoti
20. Onion Kitunguu maji
21. Garlic Kitunguu thomu
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22. Yam Kiazi kikuu
23. Cassava Muhogo
24. Cabbage Kabichi
25. Ginger Tangawizi
26. Chilli/Pepper Pilipili
27. Capsicum /Bell pepper Pilipili boga
28. Spinach Mchicha
29. Bottle guard Mung‟unye
30. Mush room Uyoga

THE NAMES OF SPICES IN ENGLISH

S/N ENGLISH KISWAHILI
1. Almond India Kungu
2. Nutmeg Kungu manga
3. Black pepper corn Pili pili manga
4. Cardamom Hiliki
5. Cinnamon Mdalasini
6. Cumin Uzile
7. Turmeric Bizari
8. Cloves Karafuu
9. Curry leaves Mvuje
10. Lemon grass Mchai chai
11. Annatto Zingifuri
12. Saffron Zafarani
13. Vanilla Vanila
14. Tea leaves Majani ya chai

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THE NAMES OF ANIMALS IN ENGLISH
S/N NAMES IN ENGLISH MEANING IN KISWAHILI
1. Cattle Ng‟ombe wengi
2. Cow Ng‟ombe jike
3. Bull Ng‟ombe dume
4. Calf Ndama
5. Goats Mbuzi
6. Nanny goat Mbuzi jike
7. Billy goat Mbuzi dume
8. Kid Mtoto wa mbuzi
9. Horse Farasi
10. Mare Farasi jike
11. Stallion Farasi dume
12. Foal Mtoto wa farasi
13. Sheep Kondoo
14. Ewe Kondoo jike
15. Ram Kondoo dume
16. Lamb Mtoto wa kondoo
17. Dogs Mbwa
18. Bitch Mbwa jike
20. Puppy Mtoto wa mbwa
21. Cats Paka
22. Kitten Mtoto wa paka
23. Lions Samba
24. Lioness Samba jike
25. Cub Mtoto wa samba
26. Pigs Nguruwe
27. Sow Nguruwe jike
28. Boar Nguruwe dume
29. Piglet Mtoto wa nguruwe
30. Elephant Tembo
31. Donkey Punda
32. Zebra Punda milia

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33. Giraffe Twiga
34. Deer Paa
35. Monkey Kima
36. Gorilla Sokwe
37. Tiger Chui
38. Rabbit Sungura
39. Camel Ngamia
40. Chameleon Kinyonga
41. Fox Bweha
42. Hyena Fisi
43. Crocodile Mamba
44. Monitor lizard Kenge
45. Yellow-throated plated Guruguru
46. Python
lizard Chatu
47. Lizard/gecko Mjusi
48. Rhino Kifaru
49. Hippopotamus Kiboko
50. Tortoise Kobe

THE NAMES OF INSECTS IN ENGLISH

S/N NAMES IN ENGLISH MEANING IN KISWAHILI
1. Fly Nzi
2. Butterfly Kipepeo
3. Termite Mchwa
4. Ant Sisimizi /sangara
5. Ant-lion Kifuku fuku
6. Mosquito Mbu
7. Flea Kiroboto
8. Grass-hopper Panzi hogo
9. Moth Kipepeo mdogo
10. Dragon fly Tandarusi
11. Bee Nyuki
12. Wasp Uvi
13. Locust Panzi/nzige
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14. Cockroach Mende
15. Praying mantis Vunja jungu
16. Scorpion Nge
17. Centipede Tandu
18. Millipede Jongoo
20. Snail Koa mwenye gamba
21. Slug Koa asiye gamba
22. Spider Bui bui
23. Worm Nyungunyungu/mnyoo
24. Beetle Tepa/nunu
25. Bed bug Kunguni
26. Louse/lice Chawa mmoja/chawa wengi
27. Tick Kupe
28. Bumble bee Duduvule

NAMES OF BIRDS IN ENGLISH

S/N NAMES IN ENGLISH MEANING IN KISWAHILI
1. Chickens Kuku wengi
2. Cock Jogoo
3. Hen Kuku jike
4. Chicks Vifaranga
5. Crow Kunguru
6. Duck Bata
7. Drake Bata dume
8. Duckling Mtoto wa bata
9. Owl Bundi
10. Parrot Kasuku
11. Ostrich Mbuni
12. Eagle Mwewe
13. Guinea fowl Kanga
14. Turkey Bata mzinga
15. Flamingo Yange yange
16. Pigeon/Dove Njiwa

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NAMES OF FISH IN ENGLISH
S/N ENGLISH KISWAHILI
1. Mud fish Kambare
2. Eel Mkunga
3. Sardine Dagaa
4. Tilapia Changu
5. Shark Papa
6. Sword fish Nduaro
7. King fish Nguru
8. Tuna fish Jodari
9. Octopus Pweza
10. Squid Ngisi
11. Prawns Kamba
12. Crab Kaa
13. Oyster Chaza
14. Whale Nyangumi
15. Dolphin Pomboo
16. Ray fish Taa
17. Turtle Kasa

THE NAMES OF UTENSILS IN ENGLISH

S/N NAMES IN ENGLISH MEANING IN KISWAHILI
1. Frying pan Karai/kikaangio
2. Dish Sufuria
3. Plate Sahani
4. Ladle Kijiko cha mchuzi/upawa/mwiko
5. Spoon Kijiko
6. Cup Kikombe
7. Saucer Kisahani cha chai
8. Kettle Birika
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9. Fork Uma
10. Jug Jagi
11. Bowl Bakuli
12. Bucket/Pail Ndoo
13. Glass Gilasi
14. Basin Beseni
15. Pot Chungu
16. Knife Kisu
17. Thermo flask Chupa ya chai
18. Mortar Kinu
19. Pestle Mchi

THE NAMES OF FURNITURE AND OTHER THINGS FOUND

AT HOME
S/N NAMES IN ENGLISH MEANING IN KISWAHILI
1. Door Mlango
2. Window Dirisha
3. Bed Kitanda
4. Pillow Mto wa kulalia
5. Cupboard Kabati
6. Mattress Godoro
7. Chair Kiti
8. T.v set Tivii
9. Iron Pasi
10. Machete Panga
11. Slasher Fyekeo
12. Spade Pauro
13. Rake Reki
14. Dust bin Debe la taka
15. Dust pan Kizoleo
16. Broom Ufyagio

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NAMES OF DIFFERENT THINGS IN ENGLISH
S/N ENGLISH KISWAHILI
1. Car Gari
2. Bicycle Baskeli
3. Motor bike Pikipiki/Honda
4. Road Barabara
5. Ship Meli
6. Boat Boti
7. Canoe Ngalawa
8. Dhow Jahazi
9. Plane Ndege
10. Key Ufunguo
11. Wallet Kipochi
12. Basket Mkoba
13. Bag Begi
14. Shoes Viatu
15. Trousers Suruali
16. Shirt Shati
17. Razor Kiwembe
18. Bottle Chupa
19. Bottle cap Kifuniko cha chupa
20 Lamp Taa
21. Rope Kamba
22. Comb Kitana/shanuo
23. Curtain Pazia
24. Scissor Mkasi
25. Watch Saa
26. Cave Pango
27. Hole Shimo
28. Branch Tawi
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29. Hinge Bawaba
30. Saw Msumeno
31. Candle Mshumaha

ADJECTIVES WITH THEIR MEANINGS

S/N ADJECTIVES MEANING
1. Afraid Mwenye kuogopa
2. Angry Mwenye hasira
3. Attractive Yenye kuvutia
4. Arrogant Mwenye kiburi
5. Beautiful Mzuri/mrembo wa kike
6. Bad Mbaya
7. Brave Shujaa
8. Big Kubwa
9. Careful Muangalifu
10. Careless Mzembe
11. Cheerful Mcheshi
12. Charming Mchangamfu
13. Clever Hodari
14. Clean Safi
15. Cute Mrembo
16. Correct Sahihi
17. Courageous Jasiri
18. Coward Mwoga
19. Crazy Mwendawazimu
20 Dangerous Yenye hatari/yenye kuhatarisha
21. Dirty Chafu
22. Difficult Ngumu
23. Dizzy Mwenye kizungu zungu

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24. Empty Tupu/haina kitu
25. Envious Mwenye kijicho
26. Fat Mnene
27. Faithful Muaminifu
28. Forgetful Msahaulifu
29. Fortunate Mwenye bahati
30. Generous Asiye na kinyongo
31. Great Kubwa
32. Gloomy Mwenye mawazo/mweye
kujiinamia
33. Greedy Mchoyo
34. Handsome Mzuri mwanamme
35. Hardworking Mchapa kazi
36. Healthy Mwenye afya
37. Hungry Mwenye njaa
38. Heavy Nzito
39. Helpful Mwenye kusaidia
40. Honest Muaminifu
41. Happy Mwenye furaha
42. Humble Mnyenyekevu
43. Ill Mwenye kuumwa
44. Itchy Mwenye kuwashwa
45. Just Muadilifu/mtenda haki
46. Jealous Mwenye wivu
47. Kind Mwenye huruma/mkarimu
48. Lazy Mvivu
49. Lucky Mwenye bahati
50. Nice Nzuri
51. Obedient Mtiifu
52. Poor Masikini
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53. Pitiful Mwenye kutia huruma
54. Polite Mpole
55. Primitive Mshamba
56. Quarrelsome Mgomvi
57. Rich Tajiri
58. Rude Mjeuri
59. Sick Mgonjwa
60. Small Mdogo/ndogo
61. Selfish Mbinafsi/mchoyo
62. Short Mfupi
63. Smart Mtanashati/maridadi/msafi
64. Scary Yenye kutisha
65. Slim Mwembamba
66. Sorry Mwenye kusikitika/pole
67. Stingy Mbaghili
68. Sulky Mwenye kununa
69. Tall Mrefu
70. Thin Mwembamba
71. Terrible Mbaya sana/yenye kutisha
73. Thirsty Mwenye kiu
Troublesome Mkorofi
74.
75. Unlucky Asiye bahati

PERSONAL PRONOUNS (VIWAKILISHI VYA NAFSI)

A Personal Pronoun is a short word we use instead of the proper name
of a person, animal or thing. Examples of Personal Pronouns are I,
you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, and them.

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Types of Personal Pronouns
There are two types of Personal pronouns in terms of their functions.
i. Subjective Personal Pronouns
ii. Objective Personal Pronouns
Subjective Personal Pronouns (Watenda)
These are the Personal pronouns which perform various actions and
they always come before the verbs. Examples; I, we, you, he, she, it,
and they.
First Persons (Nafsi ya kwanza)
Singular Plural
I = Mimi/Ni (Ninakuja, We = Sisi/Tu (Tunaandika,
ninasoma, nipo etc) tunacheza etc)

Second Persons (Nafsi ya pili)

Singular Plural
You = Wewe/U (Usifanye You = Nyinyi/M (Mnafanya
zogo, utafanikiwa, upo? etc) nini?, mnacheza, etc)

Third Persons (Nafsi ya tatu)

Singular Plural
He = Yeye m/mme/A (Anakuja, anafua, They = Wao/Wa
etc) (Wanacheza, walikuja,
She = Yeye m/mke/A (Anapika, anafua, imeanguka, zipo, etc)
etc)
It = Yeye mnyama, kitu au mototo
mchanga
(analia, inanyesha, inakuja, etc)

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Rule:
Subject + Verb + Statement
1. I am a student.
2. They are fighting.
3. We shall come soon.
4. You took my pen.
5. It is raining.
6. She came here.
7. ……………………………………………………………………
Objective Personal Pronouns (Watendwa/Watendewa)
These are the Personal pronouns which actions are performed to them
and they always come after the verbs. Examples; me, us, you, him,
her, it, and them.
First Persons (Nafsi ya kwanza)
Singular Plural
Me = Mimi/Ni (Nipe, Us = Sisi/Tu (Tupe,
alinisaidia, etc) ulituambia etc)

Second Persons (Nafsi ya pili)

Singular Plural
You = Wewe/Ku (tulikuona, You = Nyinyi/Ku-eni
atakupiga? etc) (nilikuoneni etc)

Third Persons (Nafsi ya tatu)

Singular Plural
Him = Yeye m/mme/M (mpe, Them = Wao/Wa (siwaoni,
tutamsubiri, etc) waite, nishawapa, etc)
Her = Yeye m/mke/M
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(tulimuona, nitampigia, etc)
It = Yeye mnyama, kitu au
mototo mchanga
(niliinunua, nakitaka,
tutaisubiri, etc)

Rule:
Verb + Object
Subject + Verb + Object
Examples:
1. Call him.
2. I saw you in town.
3. They are waiting for us.
4. He shall beat me.
5. Tell her to wait.
6. We want it.
7. Did you see them?
8. ……………………………………………………………………
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS (VIWAKILISHI VIMILIKISHI)
Possessive Pronouns are pronouns that demonstrate ownership,
showing that something belongs to a particular person or thing.
Possessive Pronouns include my, mine, our, ours, its, his, her, hers,
their, theirs, your and yours. These are all words that demonstrate
ownership.
Kinds of Possessive Pronouns
There are two types of Possessive Pronouns.
1. Adjective Possessive Pronouns
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 2. Adverb Possessive Pronouns
Adjective Possessive Pronouns
As an adjective, adjective possessive come before a noun.
My, our, your, his, her, its and their are examples of adjective
possessive pronouns.
First Persons
Singular Plural
My = -angu (yangu, changu, Our = -etu (yetu, chetu, letu,
langu, zangu etc) zetu, etc)

Second Persons
Singular Plural
Your = -ako (yako, chako, lako, zako Your = -enu (yenu, chenu, lenu,
etc) zenu, etc)

Third Persons
Singular Plural
His = -ake m/mme (yake, Their = -ao (yao, chao, lao, zao, etc)
chake, lake, zake etc)
Her = -ake m/mke (yake,
chake, lake, zake etc)
Its = -ake kitu, mnyama au
mototo mchanga
(yake, chake, lake, zake
etc)

Rule: (Adjective Possessive + Noun)

Examples:
1. This is my brother.
2. Where is your sister?

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3. How much did his car cost?
4. Borrow me your pen.
5. Her bag is good.
6. That is our house, its colour is attractive.
7. …………………………………………….........................................

Adverb Possessive Pronouns

An adverb possessive pronoun also tells us who owns a thing.
However, an adverb possessive pronoun is NOT followed by a noun.
As an adverb, it normally comes before or after a verb.
Examples of adverb possessive pronouns are mine, ours, yours, his,
hers, its and theirs.

First Persons
Singular Plural
Mine = -angu (yangu, changu, Ours = -etu (yetu, chetu, letu,
langu, zangu etc) zetu, etc)

Second Persons
Singular Plural
Yours = -ako (yako, chako, lako, Yours = -enu (yenu, chenu,
zako etc) lenu, zenu, etc)

Third Persons
Singular Plural
His = -ake m/mme (yake, chake, Theirs = -ao (yao, chao, lao,
lake, zake etc) zao, etc)
Hers = -ake m/mke (yake,
chake, lake, zake etc)
Its = -ake kitu, mnyama au
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mototo mchanga
(yake, chake, lake, zake
etc)
Rule:
i. Verb + Adverb Possessive (That is mine, this book is yours,
those houses were ours, where is yours?)
ii. Adverb Possessive + Verb (Theirs are at home, hers is good)
yours book,mine house,ours pen, this is my
Examples:
1. Whose book is this? Is it yours?
2. The blue car is my brother‟s; the red car is mine.
3. I bought the house – it‟s mine.
4. It's my dog. This dog is mine.
5. This is our car. It is ours.
6. There are two houses. Which one is yours?
7. My pen is black but hers is blue.
8. My fruits are sweet but yours are sour.
9. ………………………………………………………………………
Table of Personal Pronouns with Their Possessives
Subjects Objects Adjective Adverb
Possessive Possessive
I Me My Mine
We Us Our Ours
You You Your Yours
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its Its
They Them Their Theirs

25
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS (VIWAKILISHI VIONESHI)
These are the pronouns used to point out people or things.
Types of Demonstrative Pronouns
There are two types of Demonstrative Pronouns
1. Demonstrative Pronouns of nearness
2. Demonstrative Pronouns of farness
Demonstrative Pronouns of nearness
Singular Plural
This = Huyu, hichi, hii, hili, These = Hawa, hivi, hizi, haya,
huu hii

Demonstrative Pronouns of farness

Singular Plural
That = Yule, kile, ile, lile, ule Those = Wale, vile, zile, yale,
ile

Singular Plural

This These
is/was are/were
That Those

Rule 1:
Demo + verb + Adj. Possessive/article + Noun
Examples:
1. This is my father.

26
 2. Those are your friends.
3. That is a car.
4. These were our houses.
5. This is her fault, it isn‟t mine.
6. ……………………………………………………………………
Rule 2:
Statement + Demo + Noun
Examples:
1. Bring that chair.
2. I need those apples.
3. We saw this man yesterday.
4. ……………………………………………………………………

VERBS (VITENDO/VITENZI)
Verbs are the words which are used to show time or action in a
sentence. Examples of verbs are:
Go, play, jump, eat, write, speak, am, is, will, shall, must, do, et.c
Types of Verbs
There are two types of verbs.
i. Auxiliary Verbs
ii. Main Verb
MAIN VERBS (VITENZI VIKUU)
These are the verbs which used to show actions in a sentence.
Types of Main Verbs
There are two types of main verbs.
27
 i. Regular verbs
ii. Irregular verbs
REGULAR VERBS
These are the verbs which we add -D, -ED, or -IED in their Past tense
and Past Participle forms.

Conjugation of Regular Verbs

S/N Simple Verb Past Past Participle Meaning in
(Infinitive) tense Verb (P.P.V) Kiswahili
(HUWA) (-LI-) (-MESHA-)
1. Ask Asked Asked Uliza
2. Argue Argued Argued Bisha
3. Agree Agreed Agreed Kubali
4. Borrow Borrowed Borrowed Azima, kopa
5. Believe Believed Believed Amini
6. Cook Cooked Cooked Pika
7. Call Called Called Ita, Piga simu
8. Close Closed Closed Funga
9. Change Changed Changed Badilisha
10. Chase Chased Chased Fukuza
11. Carry Carried Carried Beba, peleka
12. Cry Cried Cried Lia
13. Decide Decided Decided Amua
14. Expect Expected Expected Taraji
15. Follow Followed Followed Fuata
16. Fry Fried Fried Kaanga
17. Guess Guessed Guessed Bahatisha
18. Play Played Played Cheza

28
19. Pray Prayed Prayed Swali, omba
Mungu
20. Wash Washed Washed Osha

IRREGULAR VERBS
These are the verbs which we do not add -D, -ED, or -IED in their
Past tense and Past Participle forms.
Conjugation of Irregular Verbs
S/N Simple Verb Past tense Past Participle Meaning in
(Infinitive) (-LI-) Verb (P.P.V) Kiswahili
(HUWA) (-MESHA-)
1. Arise Arose Arisen Tokeza, inuka
2. Be Was/were Been Kuwa
3. Bear Bore Born Zaa
4. Tear Tore Torn Chana, rarua
5. Wear Wore Worn Vaa
6. Swear Swore Sworn Apa, kula kiapo
7. Hear Heard Heard Sikia
8. Drink Drank Drunk Kunywa
9. Sing Sang Sung Imba
10. Swim Swam Swum Ogelea
11. Cling Clung Clung Ng‟ang‟ania,
shikilia
12. Swing Swung Swung Ning‟inia,
ning‟iniza
13. Bring Brought Brought Lete
14. Break Broke Broken Vunja
15. Speak Spoke Spoken Ongea, zungumza

29
16. Sell Sold Sold Uza
17. Tell Told Told Ambia
18. Come Came Come Njoo, kuja
19. Run Ran Run Kimbia, nenda
mbio
20. Go Went Gone Nenda
21. Get Got Got Pata
22. Drive Drove Driven Endesha
23. Write Wrote Written Andika
24. Take Took Taken Chukua
25. Shake Shook Shaken Tikisa
26. Find Found Found Tafuta
27. Grind Ground Ground Saga, twanga,
vuruga
28. Keep Kept Kept Weka, tunza
29. Sleep Slept Slept Lala
30. Sweep Swept Swept Fyagia
31. Feed Fed Fed Lisha
32. Flee Fled Fled Kimbia
33. Meet Met Met Kuta, kutana
34. Feel Felt Felt Hisi
35. Hide Hid Hidden Ficha
36. Eat Ate Eaten Kula
37. Beat Beat Beaten Piga
38. Blow Blew Blown Vuma, peperusha,
puliza
39. Grow Grew Grown Kua, otesha
40. Throw Threw Thrown Rusha
41. Fight Fought Fought Pigana
42. Think Thought Thought Fikiria, dhani
30
43. Buy Bought Bought Nunua
44. Teach Taught Taught Fundisha
45. Catch Caught Caught Kamata
46. Pay Paid Paid Lipa
47. Say Said Said Sema
48. Give Gave Given Toa, mpa
49. Forgive Forgave Forgiven Samehe
50. Forget Forgot Forgotten Sahau
51. Forbid Forbade Forbidden Kataza, gombeza
52. Sit Sat Sat Kaa
53. Stand Stood Stood Simama,
nyanyuka
54. Understand Understood Understood Fahamu
55. Cut Cut Cut Kata
56. Put Put Put Weka
57. Read Read Read Soma

Auxiliary Verbs/Helping Verbs (Vitenzi Visaidizi) [Time]

These are verbs which used to show time in a sentence.
Types of Auxiliary Verbs
There are four types of auxiliary verbs.
i. Verb to be (am, is, are, was, were, be and been)
ii. Verb to do (do, does and did)
iii. Verb to have (have, has and had)
iv. Modal auxiliary verbs (will, shall, can, may, would, should,
could, might, must, need to, ought to and dare)

31
VERB TO BE
They are used with main verbs to indicate Continuous tenses.The
main verbs must end with –ING form, e.g going, learning, cooking
et.c.
Examples of verb to be are:
am, is, are, was, were, be and been
Auxiliary verbs Meaning
am, is, are (Present) NI, NA, PO
was, were (Past) -LIKUWA
be KUWA
(Present/Future)
been (Perfect) -LIKUWA

THE USES OF AM, IS & ARE

AM, IS & ARE (NI,NA,PO)
We use „AM‟ „IS‟ and „ARE‟ in Present Continuous Tense.
Rule 1: NI
Affirmative form
Subject + am/is/are + Adjective/Noun
Examples:
1. I am a student. (Noun)
2. They are my neigbours. (Noun)
3. She is rude. (Adjective)
4. We are heroes. (Noun)
5. Your brother is troublesome. (Adjective)
6. He is a polite person. (Adjective with Noun)
32
 7. Mwajuma is my friend. (Noun)
8. Asha is a clever girl. (Adjective with Noun)
9. Hussein is quarrelsome. (Adjective)
10. ...............................................................................................
Interrogative form
Am/Is/Are + Subject + Adjective/Noun?
Examples:
1. Are you a student?
2. Is Asha a clever girl?
3. Are they my neighbours?
4. Are we heroes?
5. Is she rude?
6. ……………………………………………………………………
Negative form
Subject + am/is/are + not + Adjective/Noun
Examples:
1. I am not a student.
2. They are not my neigbours.
3. She is not rude.
4. We are not heroes.
5. Your brother is not troublesome.
6. He is not a polite person.
7. Mwajuma is not my friend.
8. Asha is not a clever girl.
9. Hussein is not quarrelsome.
10. .................................................................................................

33
Rule 2: -NA-
Affirmative form
Subject + am/is/are + Verb + ing.
Examples:
1. We are learning. (Sisi tunajifunza)
2. Jane is dishing up the food.
3. They are coming.
4. Your son is fighting.
5. I am revising my lessons.
6. .....................................................................................................
Interrogative form
Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb + ing?
Examples:
1. Are we learning?
2. Is Jane dishing up the food?
3. Are they coming?
4. Is son fighting?
5. Am I reading my lesson?
6. …………………………………………………………………
Negative form
Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb + ing
Examples:
1. We are not learning. (Sisi hatujifunzi)
2. Jane is not dishing up the food.
3. They are not coming.
4. Your son is not fighting.
5. I am not revising my lessons.
34
 6. .....................................................................................................
Rule 3: PO/KO/MO
Affirmative form
Subject + am/is/are + Place
Examples:
1. I am at home. (Nipo nyumbani)
2. He is with us.
3. He is at school.
4. We are in the class.
5. My father is in Europe.
6. Zainab is at Donge.
7...........................................................................................................
Negative form
Subject + am/is/are + not + Place
Examples:
1. I am not at home. (Sipo nyumbani)
2. He is not with us.
3. He is not at school.
4. We are not in the class.
5. My father is not in Europe.
6. Zainab is not at Donge.
7. ……………………………………………………………………
Interrogative form
Am/Is/Are + Subject + Place?
Examples:

35
 1. Am I at home? (Je, nipo nyumbani?)
2. Is he with us?
3. Is he at school?
4. Are we in the class?
5. Is my father in Europe?
6. Is Zainab at Donge?
7. Where are you?

THE USES OF WAS & WERE

WAS & WERE (-LIKUWA)
We use „WAS‟ and „WERE‟ in Past Continuous Tense.
Rule 1: (Adjective/Noun)
Affirmative form
Subject + was/were + Adjective/Noun
Examples:
1. I was sick. (Nilikuwa naumwa)
2. They were good players.
3. Our father was a soldier.
4. The exam was very difficult.
5. That was my house.
6. .........................................................................................................
Interrogative form
Was/Were + Subject + Adjective/Noun?
Examples:
1. Were you sick? (Je, ulikuwa unaumwa?)

36
 2. Were they good players?
3. Was our father a soldier?
4. Was the exam very difficult?
5. Was that your house?
6. .........................................................................................................

Negative form
Subject + was/were + not + Adjective/Noun
Examples:
1. I was not sick. (Nilikuwa siumwi)
2. They were not good players.
3. Our father was not a soldier.
4. The exam was not very difficult.
5. That was not my house.
6. .........................................................................................................
Rule 2: (With Main verbs)
Affirmative form
Subj + was/were + Verb + ing + Statement
Examples:
1. He was fighting. (Alikuwa anapigana)
2. The dog was barking.
3. I was finishing my work.
4. She was watering the garden.
5. The policemen were chasing us.
6. She was laughing at me.
7. The wind was blowing.
8. It was raining.
9. .........................................................................................................
Negative form
37
Subject + was/were + not + Verb + ing + Statement
Examples:
1. He was not fighting. (Alikuwa hapigani)
2. The dog was not barking.
3. I was not finishing my work.
4. She was not watering the garden.
5. The policemen were not chasing us.
6. She was not laughing at me.
7. The wind was not blowing.
8. It was not raining.
9. .........................................................................................................

Interrogative form
Was/Were + Subject + Verb + ing + Statement?
Examples:
1. Was he fighting? (Je, alikuwa anapigana?)
2. Was the dog barking?
3. Was I finishing my work?
4. Was she watering the garden?
5. Were the policemen chasing us?
6. Was she laughing at me?
7. Was the wind blowing?
8. Was it raining?
9. .........................................................................................................

Rule 3: (With Place)

Affirmative form

Subj + was/were + Place.

38
Examples:
1. Amina was here. (Amina alikuwa hapa).
2. They were there. (Walikuweko kule).
3. Your friend was right here.
4. Rafii was at M/akumbi.
5. We were in Nairobi.
6. Juma and I were in the village.
7. My father was in India.
8. They were at school.
9. She was in town.
10. .................................................................................................

Interrogative form
Was/Were + Subject + Place?
Examples:
1. Was Amina here? (Je, Amina alikuwa hapa?)
2. Were they there? (Walikuweko kule).
3. Was your friend right here. ?
4. Was Rafii at M/akumbi?
5. Were we in Nairobi?
6. Were Juma and I in the village?
7. Was my father in India?
8. Were they at school?
9. Was she in town?
10. Where were you?
11. .................................................................................................

39
 MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
They are used with main verbs to indicate Future tenses, Obligation,
Ability, Polite requests, Permission et.c. The main verbs must be in
the form of Simple Verb (Base form of the verb), e.g go, eat, wash,
play, come et.c
Examples of modal auxiliary verbs are:will, shall, can, may, would,
should, could, might, must, need to, ought to and dare
Auxiliary verbs Meaning
will, shall (Future) -TA-
can, may (Present) KUWEZA (ninaweza, unaweza)
would (Past) -NGE- (ungekuja, tungepata)
could, might (Past) -NGEWEZA/-LIWEZA
(niliweza/ningeweza)
should, might, must, need LAZIMA/PASA/BIDI (Lazima niende)
to, ought to (Present)
dare (Present) THUBUTU

Rule:
Subject + Modal aux verb + Simple Verb + Statement

THE USES OF WILL AND SHALL

WILL
SHALL -TA-

Nitasoma, Tutakuja, Utafanya

We use WILL or SHALL to talk about the future actions, the things
that we shall do next time.

40
I go
We come
You cry
He WILL/SHALL see
She play
It swim
They sing
write
Affirmative form
Rule:
Subj + will/shall + Simple Verb + Statement
Examples:
10. It shall fly. Itaruka
11. They will drink some water. Watakunywa maji
12. I will go to town.
13. She will cook cassava.
14. He will cry.
15. You shall come here.
16. You will play football.
17. Asha and Ali will dance in the party.
18. ………………………………………………………………
Negative form
Rule:
Subj + will/shall + not + Simple Verb + Statement
Examples:
1. It shall not fly. Haitoruka
2. They will not drink any water. Hawatokunywa maji
3. I will not go to town.
4. She will not cook cassava.
5. He will not cry.

41
 6. We shall not sing a song.
7. You shall not come here.
8. You will not play football.
9. Asha and Ali will not dance in the party.
10. ………………………………………………………………
Interrogative form
Rule:
Will/Shall + Subj + Simple Verb + Statement
Examples:
1. Shall it fly? Je, itaruka?
2. Will they drink any water? Je, watakunywa maji?
3. Will I go to town?
4. Will she cook cassava?
5. Will he cry?
6. Shall we sing a song?
7. Shall you come here?
8. Will you play football?
9. Will Asha and Ali dance in the party?
10. ………………………………………………………………
Adverbs used with Will and Shall (Vielezivi navyotumika kwenye
Will na Shall)
Tomorrow Kesho
The day after tomorrow Keshokutwa
Next Inayofuata/Ijayo
Next week Wiki ijayo
Next month Mwezi ujao
Next year Mwaka ujao
Next Monday Jumatatu ijayo
The following = Next Inayofuata/Ijayo
The following week Wiki ijayo
42
Later Baadae
Then Baadae
Soon Si muda mrefu, punde, karibu

Position of Adverbs
Rule 1:
Adverb + Subj + will/shall + Simple Verb + Statement
Examples:
1. Tomorrow I shall visit you. Kesho nitakutembelea
2. Next month he will come here. Mweziujao atakuja hapa
3. Next Friday they will cook pilau.
4. Soon it will rain.
5. The day after tomorrow we shall do exams.
6. Later will you call me?
7. The following month we shall not go to school.
8. Tomorrow I will not come here.
9. Next Monday where will you go?
10. ………………………………………………………………
Rule 2:
Subj + will/shall + Simple Verb + Statement + Adverb
Examples:
1. I shall visit you tomorrow. Nitakutembelea kesho
2. He will come here next month. Atakuja hapa mwezi ujao
3. They will cook pilau next Friday.
4. It will rain soon.
5. We shall do exams the day after tomorrow.
6. Will you call me later?
7. We shall not go to school the following month.
8. I will not come here tomorrow.
9. Where will you go next Monday?

43
 10. ………………………………………………………………
Contractions (Vifupisho)
Positive Contractions Negative Contractions
I‟ll = I will, I shall Won‟t = Will not
You‟ll = You will, you shall Shan‟t = Shall not
We‟ll = We will, we shall
They‟ll = They will, they shall

Examples:
1. It‟ll fly. Itaruka
2. They‟ll drink some water. Watakunywamaji
3. I‟ll go to town.
4. She‟ll cook cassava.
5. He‟ll cry.
6. We shan‟t sing a song.
7. You shan‟t come here.
8. You won‟t play football.
9. Asha and Ali won‟t dance in the party.
10. ………………………………………………………………

THE USES OF CAN & MAY

CAN KUWEZA
MAY

We use „CAN‟ and „MAY‟ to show ability, possibility, polite request,

et.c
Affirmative form

Subject+ Can/May+ Simple Verb+ Object

44
Examples:
1. I can speak English. Ninaweza kuzungumza Kiingereza.
2. Amina may help us. Amina anaweza kutusaidia.
3. It can fly.
4. They may play football.
5. You may come in.
6. …………………………………………………………………….

Negative form
Subject+ Can/May+ not + Simple Verb+ Object
Examples:
1. I cannot speak English.
SiwezikuzungumzaKiingereza.
2. Amina may not help us.
Amina hawezikutusaidia.
3. It cannot fly.
4. They may not play football.
5. You may not come in.
6. …………………………………………………………………….

Interrogative form (Questions)

Can/May+ Subject+ Simple Verb+ Object?

Examples:
1. Can I speak English?
Je, ninawezakuzungumzaKiingereza?
2. May Amina help us?
Je, Amina anawezakutusaidia?
3. Can it fly?
45
 4. May they play football?
5. May you come in?
6. …………………………………………………………………...?
Contractions
Can‟t = Cannot
Examples:
1. I can‟t speak English.
2. It can‟t fly.
3. …………………………………………………………………….

THE USES OF MUST & SHOULD

MUST
LAZIMA/BIDI/PASA
SHOULD

We use „MUST‟ and „SHOULD‟ to show obligation of an action.

Affirmative form
Subject+ Must/Should+ Simple Verb+ Object

Examples:
1. We must pray.
Lazima tuswali.
2. Everyone should clean the environment.
Kila mmoja lazima asafishe mazingira.
3. Our teachers must teach us.
4. I should learn hard.
5. They must respect me.
6. …………………………………………………………………….
46
Negative form
Subject+ Must/Should+ not+ Simple Verb+ Object

Examples:
1. We must not play in the dumps.
Hatupaswi kuchaza majaani.
2. Students should not make noise.
Wanafunzi hawapaswi kufanyazogo.
3. Our teachers must not punish us.
4. I should not follow you.
5. They must not respect me.
6. …………………………………………………………………….

Interrogative form (Questions)

Must/Should+ Subject + Simple Verb+ Object?

Examples:
1. Must we pray?
Je, lazima tuswali?
2. Should everyone clean the environment?
Je, lazima kila mmoja asafishe mazingira?
3. Must our teachers teach us?
4. Should I learn hard?
5. Must they respect me?
6. …………………………………………………………………….

Contractions
I‟d = I should, We‟d = We should, You‟d = You should
Examples:
I‟d learn hard = I should learn hard.
47
VERB TO DO
They are used with main verbs to indicate Simple tenses.The main
verbs must be in the form of Simple verb (Infinitive verb) or Past
tense (P.t) when omitting DID for all actions happened in the PAST,
examples of Simple verbs are; go, learn, cook et.c, examples of verbs
in Past tense are; went, learned, cooked et.c.
Examples of verb to do are:
do, does and did
Auxiliary verbs Meaning
do, does (Present) HUWA -NA-
did(Past) -LI-

THE USES OF DO AND DOES (MATUMIZI YA DO NA DOES)

DO
HUW -NA-
DOES

Huwa ninafanya mazoezi, Huwa tunalala mapema, Yeye huja hapa

kila siku.
We use DO or DOES to talk about the habitual actions, the things that
we do every day, every week, every month or every year.

I He
We She DOES
You DO It
They

48
In affirmative sentences, do and does are optional (we may use them
or not). When we remove do the main verb never changes, when we
remove does the main verb must add -S, -ES or –IES
Rules:
Subject + do/does + Simple Verb + Statement = Subj + Simple Verb
(s/es/ies) + Stament
Affirmative form
Subj + do/does + Simple verb + Statement
Examples:
1. I do play football. Huwa ninacheza mpira
2. They do watch TV. Huwa wanaangalia TV.
3. He does cry. Huwa analia.
4. She does cook cassava.
5. It does rain.
6. It does fly.
7. We do pray.
8. You do disturb them.
9. ……………………………………………………………………
Negative form
Subj + do/does + not + Simple verb + Statement
Examples:
1. I do not play football. Huwa sichezi mpira
2. They do not watch TV. Huwa hawaangalii TV.
3. He does not cry. Huwa halii.
4. She doesn‟t cook cassava.
5. It doesn‟t rain.
6. It does not fly.
7. We don‟t pray.
8. You do not disturb them.
9. ……………………………………………………………………
49
Interrogative form
Do/Does + Subj + Simple verb + Statement?
Examples:
1. Do I play football? Je, huwa ninacheza mpira?
2. Do they watch TV? Huwa wanaangalia TV?
3. Does he cry at night? Eti, huwa analia usiku?
4. Does she cook cassava?
5. Does it rain every year?
6. Does it fly?
7. Do we pray every day?
8. Do you disturb them?
9. ……………………………………………………………………

Adverbs used with Do & Does

The following adverbs are used with „Do‟ and „Does‟ which we use to
form every day tense (Present Simple Tense).

always, usually, seldom, rarely, never, sometimes, often, frequently,

generally, habitually, occasionally, nowadays, every day, every week,
once, twice, thrice etc.

S/n Adverb Meaning

1. Always Kwa desturi, daima, mara zote
2. Usually Aghlabu, kwa kawaida
3. Normally, generally Kama kawaida, kwa kawaida, kwa
desturi
4. Seldom, rarely Mara chache, si sana, adimu
5. Never Katu, kamwe, hata mara moja
6. Sometimes Baadhi ya wakati
7. Often, frequently Mara nyingi, mara kwa mara

50
8. Habitually Kitabia, kama kawaida
9. Occasionally Si kwa muda maalum, nyakat
itofauti
10. Nowadays Sikuhizi
11. Every Kila
12. Every day, every week, every Kila siku, kila wiki, kilamwezi
month
13. Once a…, twice a…, thrice Mara moja kwa…, mara mbili kwa,
a… mara tatu kwa…
14. Two times a…, four times Mara mbili kwa…, mara nne
a… five times a… kwa…, mara tano kwa…

Positions of Adverbs
Rule 1:
Adverb + Subj + do/does + Simple verb + Statement
Examples:
1. Usually I do play football. Kwa kawaida huwa ninacheza
mpira
2. Every night they do watch TV. Kila usiku huwa wanaangalia
TV.
3. Occasionally he does cry. Muda tofauti huwa analia.
4. Nowadays she does cook cassava.
5. Always it does rain.
6. ……………………………………………………………………

Rule 2:
Subj + Adverb + Simple verb + Statement
Examples:
1. It never flies. Katu huwa haruki.
2. We often pray. Mara kwa mara huwa tunaswali.
51
 3. You always disturb them.
4. I sometimes go to school late.
5. They seldom visit us.
6. ……………………………………………………………………
Rule 3:
Subj +Do/Does + Simple verb + Statement + Adverb
Examples:
1. He does come here once a week.
Huwa anakuja hapa mara moja kwa wiki.
2. They do watch TV every night.
3. I do play football usually.
4. She does sleep early nowadays.
5. My brother and I do quarrel sometimes.
6. ……………………………………………………………………
Omission of Do & Does in a Sentence (Kuondoa Do na Does
katika Sentensi)
We may remove „Do‟ or „Does‟ in positive sentences without
changing the meaning of the sentence.
A. Omission of Do
When we omit „Do‟ the main verb remains the same.
Rule:
Subj + Do + Simple verb + Statement = Subj + Simple verb +
Statement
Examples:
1. I do play football. = I play football.
Huwa nina cheza mpira
2. They do watch TV. = They watch TV.
Huwa wana angalia TV.
3. We do pray. = We pray.
4. You do disturb them. = You disturb them.
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 5. I do go to town. = I go to town.
6. ……………………………………………………………………
B. Omission of Does
When we omit „Does‟ the main verb change; we must add „S‟, „ES‟,
or „IES‟ after the main verb.
Rule:
Subj + Does + Simple verb + Statement = Subj + Simple
verb(S/ES/IES) + Statement

-ES
We add „ES‟ to all verbs ending with:
O: goes, does
CH: teaches, catches, touches, watches, bleaches, searches, fetches
SH: washes, brushes, finishes, smashes,
SS: discusses, misses, kisses, presses, oppresses,
X: relaxes, mixes, sexes

Examples:
1. Ali does watch TV every day. = Ali watches TV every day.
Ali huangalia TV kilasiku
2. She does brush her teeth daily. = She brushes her teeth daily.
Huwa anasugua meno yake kila siku.
3. My father does finish his work early. = My father finishes his
work early.
4. Our teacher does teach us well. = Our teacher teaches us well.
5. He does relax every time. = He relaxes every time.
6. ……………………………………………………………………
-IES
We add „IES‟ to all verbs ending with consonant „Y‟ and before it
there must be another consonant.

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-BY, -CY, -DY, -FY, -GY, -HY, -JY, -KY, -LY, … -ZY √ YES
-AY -EY -IY -OY -UY × NO
Examples:
Lullaby lullabies bembeleza
Cry cries lia
Carry carries beba
Dry dries kausha
Deny denies kana, kanusha, kataa
Fry fries kanga
Fly flies ruka
Glorify glorifies tukuza
Horrify horrifies tisha, ogopesha
Justify justifies thibitisha
Modify modifies rekebisha, badisha
Spy spies peleleza

Exception (isipokuwa/sizo)
Play plays, pray prays, buy buys
Example:
1. She does lullaby her baby = She lullabies her baby
Humbembeleza mwanawe
2. He does cry every time. = He cries every time.
Huwa analia kila wakati
3. Asha does fry some fish = Asha fries some fish.
4. Your friend does spy us. = Your friend spies us.
5. It does fly in the air = It flies in the air
6. ……………………………………………………………………
-S
We add „S‟ to all remaining verbs excluding those we mentioned
above.
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Examples:
Eat eats, take takes, play plays, visit visits, see sees,
come comes
Examples:
1. She does cook pilau. = She cooks pilau Yeyehupika
pilau.
2. It does rain heavily. = It rains heavily. Hunyesha sana
3. He does disturb me.= He disturbs me.
4. Arafa does sleep early = Arafa sleeps early.
5. Juma does play football = Juma plays football
6. The does drink some milk = The cat drinks some milk
7. ……………………………………………………………………

THE USES OF DID (MATUMIZI YA DID)

DID LI

Nilienda, tulifua, aliandika, mvuailinyesha, wanafunziwalisoma, n.k

We use DID to talk about the past actions, the things that we did
yesterday, last week, last month or many years ago.
I go
We swim
You play
They come
He Did write
She eat
It drink
Ali speak
Arafa cook

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RULE 1: Affirmative Form/Positive
Subj + Did + Simple Verb + Obj
Subj + Verb in P.t + Obj
Examples:
1. I did go to school. = I went to school. (Nilienda skuli)
2. He did play football. = He played football.
(Alicheza mpira)
3. They did eat their food. = They ate their food.
4. My father did drive a car. = My father drove a car.
5. Your friend did come here. = Your friend came here.
6. Amina did write a letter. = Amina wrote a letter.
7. …………………………… = ……………………………….
RULE 2: Negative Form
Subj + Did + Not + Simple Verb + Obj
Examples:
1. I did not go to school. (Sikuendaskuli)
2. He didn‟t play football. (Hakuchezampira)
3. They did not eat their food.
4. My father didn‟t drive a car.
5. Your friend didn‟t come here.
6. Amina did not write a letter.
7. You didn‟t help us.
8. They didn‟t visit their grandfather.
9. Ali did not learn hard.
10. ……………………………………………………………….
RULE 3: Interrogative Form/Questions

56
Did + Subj + Simple Verb + Obj?
Examples:
1. Did I go to school? (Eti, niliendaskuli?)
2. Did he play football? (Je, alichezampira?)
3. Did they eat their food?
4. Did my father drive a car?
5. Did your friend come here?
6. Did Amina write a letter?
7. …………………………………………………………………….
RULE 4: Negative Questions
Did + Subj + Not + Simple Verb + Obj?
Didn‟t + Subj + Simple Verb + Obj?
Examples:
1. Did I not go to school? (Eti, sikuendaskuli?)
2. Didn‟t he play football? (Je, hakuchezampira?)
3. Didn‟t they eat their food?
4. Did my father not drive a car?
5. Didn‟t your friend come here?
6. Didn‟t Amina write a letter?
7. ……………………………………………………………………
ADVERBS USED IN THE PAST SIMPE

In this tense we use the following adverbs to indicate the specific time
of the action.
ADVERBS MEANING
Yesterday Jana
57
The day before yesterday Juzi
Last Iliyopita
Last Monday Jumatatuiliyopita
Last week Wiki iliyopita
Last night Usikuuliyopita/usikuwajana
Ago Iliyopita
One day ago Sikumojailiyopita
Two weeks ago …………………..
Many years ago …………………..
The previous = Last …………………..
Recently/Lately Hivikaribuni/Juzijuzi

POSITION OF ADVERBS
RULE 1: (Adverb at the Beginning)
Adv + Subj + Did (not) + Simple Verb
Adv + Subj + Verb in P.t
Adv + Did (n‟t) + Subj + Simple Verb? = Adv + Did + Subj + (not)
+ Simple Verb?
Examples:
1. Last night I watched TV.
2. Yesterday I ate some meat with my best friend.
3. Last Monday we did our exams.
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4. Two years ago we visited a museum.
5. In 2010 she left the school.
6. Last month he bought a new house.
7. The day before yesterday, did you meet The President?
8. Recently she came here.
9.………………………………………………………………………
RULE 2: (Adverb at the End)
Subj + Did (not) + Simple Verb + Adv
Did + Subj + (not) + Simple Verb + Adv?
1. I went to town last weekend.
2. Did you come here yesterday?
3. Why didn‟t you call me yesterday morning?
4. Our boss paid us our salaries in the previous week.
5. …………………………………………………………………….
WH-ITEMS
What/Where/Why/When + did + Subj + (not) + Simple Verb + Adv?
Who + Verb in P.t + Obj + Adv?
Who(m) + did + Subj + Simple Verb?
Examples:
1. What did you eat yesterday evening?
2. Why did they come late?
3. Who gave you my book?
4. Whom did she want to ask?
5. …………………………………………………………………...?

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VERB TO HAVE
They are used with main verbs to indicate Perfect tenses.The main
verbs must be in the form of Past Participle Verb (P.P.V), e.g gone,
eaten, washed, played, come et.c
Examples of verb to have are:
have, has and had

Auxiliary verbs Meaning

have, has (Present) -MESHA-
had (Past) -LIKUWA -SHA-

THE USES OF HAVE & HAS

First use

HAVE
ME/SHA
HAS
Amesharudi, wameshalala, nishakula, nishafahamu, sijapata n.k

I
You
We have
They

He
She has
It
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Affirmative form

Subject+ Have/Has+ Past Participle Verb (P.P.V)+ Object

Examples:
1. I have understood.
Nimeshafahamu.
2. They have gone to school.
Washaenda skuli.
3. You have broken my pen.
Umeshavunja peni yangu.
4. Zainab has cooked the food.
5. He has taken his book.
6. It has flown.
7. We have played football.
8. …………………………………………………………………….
Negative form
Subject+ Have/Has+ not+ Past Participle Verb (P.P.V)+ Object
Examples:
1. I have not understood.
Sijafahamu.
2. They have not gone to school.
Hawajaenda skuli.
3. You have not broken my pen.
4. Zainab has not cooked the food.
5. He has not taken his book.
6. It has not flown.
7. We have not played football.
8. …………………………………………………………………….

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Interrogative form
Have/Has +Subject+ Past Participle Verb (P.P.V)+ Object?
Examples:
1. Have you understood?
Je, umeshafahamu?
2. Have they gone to school?
Washaenda skuli?
3. Have you broken my pen?
4. Has Zainab cooked the food?
5. Has he taken his book?
6. Has it flown?
7. Have they played football?
8. …………………………………………………………………….
Contractions
I‟ve = I have,
We‟ve = We have
Examples:
1. I‟ve understood.
2. They‟ve gone to school.
3. …………………………………………………………………….
Second use of HAVE & HAS

HAVE
KUMILIKI/KUWANACHO
HAS

Affirmative form

ia) Subject+ Do+ Have+ Noun = b) Subject+ Have+ Noun

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Examples:
1. I do have a pen. = I have a pen. = Ninayo peni
2. We do have two sisters. = We have two sisters. = Tuna
dada wawili.
3. They do have many friends. = They have many friends
4. You do have a car. = You have a car
5. ………………………… = ……………………………...
Negative form
Subject+ Do+ not + Have+ Noun = Subject+ Have+ no+ Noun

Examples:
1. I do not have a pen. = I have no pen. = Sina peni
2. We don‟t have two sisters. = We have no two sisters.
Hatuna dada wawili.
3. They don‟t have many friends.= They have no many friends.
4. You don‟t have a car. = You have no car.
5. ………………………… = ……………………………...
Iterrogative form
Do +Subject+ Have+ Noun?
1. Do I have a pen? = Je, ninayo peni?
2. Do we have two sisters? = Je, tuna dada wawili?
3. Do they have many friends?
4. Do you have a car?
5. …………………………………………………………………...
iia) Subject+ Does+ Have+ Noun = b) Subject+ Has+ Noun
Examples:
1. He does have a house. = He has a house.
Anayo nyumba.
2. She does have a husband. = She has a husband.

63
 Anae mume.
3. Asha does have many friends. = Asha has many friends.
4. It does have a long tail. = It has a big tail
5. ………………………… = ……………………………….
Negative form
Subject+ Does+ not + Have+ Noun = Subject+ Has+ no+ Noun
Examples:
1. He doesnot have a house. = He has no house.
Hana nyumba.
2. She doesn‟t have a husband. = She has no husband.
Hana mume.
3. Asha doesn‟t have many friends.=Asha has no many friends.
4. It does not have a long tail. = It has a big tail
5. ………………………… = ………………………………
Interrogative form
Does +Subject+ Have+ Noun?
Examples:
1. Does he have a house? = Je, anayo nyumba?
2. Does she have a husband? = Je, anae mume?
3. Does Asha have many friends? =
4. Does it have a long tail? = Je, ana mkia mrefu?
5. …………………………? = …………………………..?
Third use of HAVE & HAS

HAVE TO
LAZIMA/BIDI/PASA
HAS TO

Affirmative form
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a) Subject+ Do/Does+ Have+ to+ Simple Verb = b) Subject+
Have/Has+ to+ Simple Verb

Examples:
1. We do have to pray. = We have to pray.
Lazima tuswali.
2. Everyone does have to clean the environment.
Everyone has to clean the environment.
Kila mmoja lazima asafishe mazingira.
3. Our teachers do have to teach us.
Our teachers have to teach us.
4. I do have to learn hard. = I have to learn hard.
5. He does have to respect me. = He has to respect me.
6. …………………………………………………………………….
Negative form
Subject+ Do/Does+ not+ Have+ to+ Simple Verb
Examples:
1. We do not have to play in the dumps.
2. Students don‟t have to make noise.
3. Our teachers don‟t have to punish us.
4. He doesn‟t have to go to town.
5. She does not have to respect me.
6. …………………………………………………………………….
Interrogative form
Do/Does+ Subject+ Have+ to+ Simple Verb?
Examples:
1. Do we have to play in the dumps?
2. Do the students have to make noise?
3. Do our teachers have to punish us?
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 4. Does he have to go to town?
5. Does she have to respect me?
6. …………………………………………………………………….

SECOND TERM
SOME AND ANY
Before proceeding to the uses of SOME and ANY let us see some
possible combinations of the two.
Someone, somebody, something, somewhere, sometime, anyone,
anybody, anything, anywhere and anytime.
THE USES OF SOME
1. Positive sentences
We use some in positive sentences
Examples:
1. I have some money.
2. She has some flowers.
3. We have some friends.
4. I need some fruits.
5. He wants some sugar.
6. I like to be here sometimes.
7. He is somewhere.
THE USES OF ANY
1. Negative sentences
In general we use any in negative sentences.
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Examples:
1. They haven‟t got any children.
2. He‟s lazy. He never does any work.
3. I don‟t need anything to eat.
4. We didn‟t purchase anything.
5. She doesn‟t have any friend.
6. We don‟t have any books.
7. I didn‟t see anybody.
We use any in the following sentences because the meaning is
negative.
8. He left home without any money. (He didn‟t have any money)
9. She refused to say anything. (She didn‟t say anything.)
10. She will never do anything.
2. Interrogative sentences
In questions we usually use any (not some)
Examples:
1. Have you got any money?
2. Has anyone seen Tom?
3. Is there anyone outside?
4. Do you like any singer in this country?
5. Did you call anyone?
6. Do you have any books?
7. Is there anybody at home?
8. Is he anywhere?
NOTE THAT:
a. We use some to refer to a quantity of something or to a number
of people or things, when you are not stating the quantity or
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 number precisely. (Some = Baadhi au kidogo tu; sio nyingi,
wengi au kingi in Kiswahili)
Examples:
1. I have some money.
2. She has some flowers.
3. We have some friends.
4. I need some fruits.
5. He wants some sugar.
6. We saw some people outside.
7. Some people came here today and asked for you.

b. Any also means “it doesn‟t matter which/who/what/where”. (Any

= Yeyote, chochote, lolote, zozote and so on, in Kiswahili.)
Examples:
1. You can catch any of these buses. They all go to town. (= it
doesn‟t matter which of these buses)
2. Come and see me any time you want. (= it doesn‟t matter
when)
3. You can have anything you want for your birthday present.
4. We left the door unlocked. Anybody could have come in.
5. I‟d rather go anywhere than stay at home during my holiday.
6. Janet said to Henry, „Sing a song.‟ Then Henry asked, „Which
song shall I sing?‟ Janet said, „Any song I don‟t mind.‟

c. We can use some and any in both Countable and Uncountable

Nous.
Examples:
Some mangoes, some people, some books, some water, some sugar,
some money, any table, any students, any salt, any houses, any
teacher, any food.
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But when we use some with Countable Nouns, the noun should be in
plural form as above.

ARTICLES (VIBAINISHI)
What is an article? Basically, an article is an adjective. Like
adjectives, articles modify nouns.
Kinds of Articles:
English has two types of articles.
1. Definite Article (The)
2. Indefinite article (a/an).
Definite Article (The):
It is used to refer to specific or particular persons or things.
Indefinite article (a/an):
It is used to refer to non-specific or non-particular persons or things.
INDEFINITE ARTICLES: (A AND AN)
"A" and "An" shows that the noun modified is indefinite, referring
to any/every member of a group.
Examples:
1. My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas. (This refers
to any dog. We don't know which dog because we haven't found
the dog yet).
2. Somebody should call a policeman! (This refers
to any policeman. We don't need a specific policeman; we need
any policeman who is available).
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 3. When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant! (Here, we're talking
about a single, non-specific thing, in this case an elephant. There
are probably several elephants at the zoo, but there's
only one we're talking about here).
4. Take a pencil. (Take one pencil.)
5. I won a hundred dollars. (I won one hundred dollars.)
6. Give me a pen. (Give me any pen)
7. A bird can fly. (Any/every bird can fly)
8. An elephant is a big animal. (every elephant is big)
9. A student must respect his or her teacher. (Every student must
respect his teacher)
REMEMBER, USING A OR AN DEPENDS ON THE SOUND
THAT BEGINS THE NEXT WORD.
‘A’
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound:

a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog; a book, a hospital, a leg, a youth,

a cat, a dog,
a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so
'a' is used); a university; a unicycle, a union, a uniform, a European,
a one (sounds like „wan‟, i.e. begins with a consonant „w‟ sound, so
„a‟ is used); a one-inch pipe, a one dollar note
‘AN’
an + singular noun beginning with a vowel sound: (a, e, i, o, u).
an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan; an eagle, an
idea, an umbrella
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an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour (hour sound like „awa‟
begins with a vowel „a‟ so „an‟ is used); an heir, an honest girl, an
honourable person
But remember a + nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse

DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE

The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the
noun is specific or particular. The shows that the noun is definite, that
it refers to a particular member of a group. Examples:
1. The dog that bit me ran away. (Here, we're talking about
a specific dog, the dog that bit me).
2. I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat! (Here,
we're talking about a particular policeman. Even if we don't
know the policeman's name, it's still a particular policeman
because it is the one who saved the cat).
3. I saw the elephant at the zoo. (Here, we're talking about
a specific noun. Probably there is only one elephant at the zoo).
THE USES OF DEFINITE ARTICLE ‘THE’
1. Unique things in nature. (Only one of its type)
Examples:
The sun, the sea, the moon, the sky, the earth, the God
i. The sun rises in the east.
ii. The earth moves round the sun.
2. Particular person or things.
Examples:

71
 i. The man whom you saw in town is my uncle.
ii. The pen which you took is not yours.
iii. He spilled the milk all over the floor. (Some specific milk,
perhaps the milk you bought earlier that day) or "He spilled
milk all over the floor" (any milk).
3. We use ‘the’ for holy books and newspapers.
Examples:
The holy Qur-an, the Bible, the Zanzibar leo, the Daily news
4. We use ‘the’ when a noun is mentioned more than once.
Examples:
Yesterday I saw a girl. The girl was very tall. I asked the girl,
„Where are you going?‟ The girl said, „I am going to town.
5. We use ‘the’ in superlative adjectives.
Examples:
The tallest student, the biggest tree, the shortest girl, the largest
country, the longest journey.
Singular and Plural Nouns
In singular we use a or an In plural we use some
i. Give me a table Give me some tables
ii. We saw a bird on the tree We saw some birds on the tree.
iii. A lady came here today Some ladies came here today
iv. She was eating an orange She was eating some oranges

Exercise:
1. Fill in the blanks with a, an, the, some, or any

72
Last week my friend and I went to town. On the way we met ........ girl
who was crying bitterly. We asked .......... girl why she was crying.
She said ......... one snatched her purse and ran away. Suddenly .........
old man approached us and said that he saw ........ man with a purse in
his hand. The old man helped us running after ...... man. We found
.......... purse on the ground but we didn‟t find .......... money in it.
2. Complete the sentences with some or any.

1. There are ________ books on the shelf.

2. There isn‟t _____ water in the glass.
3. Would you like _____ tea?
4. There isn‟t ______ information in this book.
5. Do you need _______help?
6. Give me _______ colour pencils to draw a picture.
7. I heard ______ good news yesterday.
8. We didn‟t learn ______new grammar rules at the English
lesson yesterday.
9. Did you see _______children in the playground?
10. There aren't _______ boys in the hall.
11. They have _______pretty dresses in the store.
12. Don‟t tell me ______ bad news.
13. Did she tell you about _____ of her experience?
The baby is asleep. Don‟t make _______ noise.

ODD WORDS
Odd word is a word which does not belong to the given list.
Examples:
i. Tunisia, Zambia, Egypt, Beijing, Japan _______________

73
ii. Rice, millet, okra, maize, wheat ______________
iii. Cucumber, banana, pawpaw, orange, mango _______________
iv. Cup, Saucer, Fork, Candy, Plate ________________
v. CPU, mouse, key board, tongue, monitor ___________

SENTENCE ARRANGEMENT
Arrange the following words to give meaningful sentences
i. to house belongs my white this uncle
.................................................................................................................
ii. with school her is to she going friend.
.................................................................................................................
iii. not sister Asha does like her.
.................................................................................................................
iv. my to good and is tomorrow me day a family.
.................................................................................................................
v. brother‟s this my is girl wife beautiful.
.................................................................................................................

PREPOSITIONS (VIHUSISHI/VIJUMUISHI)
A preposition is an important part of the English language. It is used
to show a relationship between the noun and pronoun in a sentence.

S/N Preposition Meaning in Kiswahili

1. Above Juu ya
2. After Baada ya
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3. Against Dhidi ya
4. Among Miongoni mwa
5. At Eneo la
6. Before Kabla ya
7. Behind Nyuma ya
8. Beside Pembeni ya/Ubavuni mwa
9. Between Baina ya
10. By Karibu ya/Na/Mpaka
11. Down Chini
12. During Wakati wa/Kipindi cha
13. For Kwa ajili ya
14. From Kutoka
15. In Ndani
16. In front of Mbele ya
17. Near Karibu ya
18. Next Pembeni ya/Karibu ya
19. Of Ya/La/Cha/Za/Wa
20. On Juu
21. Opposite Mkabala na
22. Out Nje
23. Over Juu
24. Since Tangu/Tokea
25. Through Kupitia
26. To Kuelekea
27. Under Chini
28. Until Mpaka
29. Up Juu ya
30. With Pamoja na
31. Without Bila ya

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Examples:

1. He sat on the chair.

2. There is some milk in the fridge.
3. She was hiding under the table.
4. He drove over the bridge.
5. She lost her ring at the beach.
6. The book belongs to Anthony.
7. They were sitting by the tree.
8. An airplane is flying above the houses.
9. She lives near her workplace.
10. I live with my parents.
11. He is at home.
12. The car went down the hill.
13. We are here for learning.
14. The car went through the tunnel.
15. I got a package from a friend.
16. I have lived here since 1999.
17. The food was placed on the table.
18. She never leaves without her phone.
19. My car is in front of the mosque.
20. I came here before you.
21. Our house is next to the shop.
22. The cat is behind the car
23. My house is opposite to the shop.
24. They went out of the house.
25. The people of Zanzibar are kind.
26. Asha is between Fatma and Maryam.

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S/N STATEMENT ONE WORD
1. A person who makes the law
2. A person who cures sick people
3. A person who buys things from a seller
4. A place where cars are repaired
5. A place where students learn
6. A place where airplanes land
7. A person who takes other people‟s properties
without permission
8. A place where wrong doers are kept
9. A place where wild animals are kept
10. A person who sells different things at shop
ONE WORD FOR MANY

PEOPLE’S OCCUPATION
S/N PEOPLE OCCUPATION
1. Judge
2. Doctor
3. Fisherman
4. President
5. Carpenter
6. Hunter
7. Barber
8. Soldier
9. Teacher
10. Driver

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 SWAHILI PROVERBS (METHALI ZA KISWAHILI)
S/N Proverbs Meaning
1. Saving never goes bad. Akiba haiozi
2. A person in need never gets tired. Atakaye hachoki
3. A favourite finger gets a ring on. Chanda chema huvishwa pete
4. Provocation is not good, you should Chokochoko si njema
choose what to say. mchague la kusema
5. After hardship comes relief. Baada ya dhiki faraja
6. He/she who doesn't know you, Asiyekujua hakuthamini
doesn't value you.
7. Don‟t abandon your rug for the Usiache mbachao kwa msala
passing mat. upitao
8. The earth is round. Dunia duara
9. Little by little fills up the measure. Haba na haba hujaza kibaba
10. Hurry hurry has no blessing. Haraka haraka haina Baraka
11. Don‟t change your mind because of Usibadili nia kwa jambo la
a hearsay. kusikia
12. Blood is thicker than water. Damu nzito kuliko maji
13. Opportunity never comes twice. Bahati haiji mara mbili
14. What eats you is in your dress. Kikulacho ki nguoni mwako
15. The way you raise the child is what Mtoto umleavyo ndivyo
he/she becomes. akuavyo
16. The envious should hang themselves Mwenye wivu ajinyonge
17. A person who relies on his brother‟s Mtumai cha ndugu hufa
properties dies poor. masikini

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Questions & Answers
A. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How many members are there in your family?
There are ……….. members in my family.
2. What is your birth position?
I am the ………born.
My birth position is ………….
3. What is your future goal?/ What is your future ambition?
My future goal is to be a ……………..
My future ambition I want to be a ……………...
4. What is your favourite dish?
My favourite dish is …………….
5. How many colours are there in Zanzibar flag? Mention them.
There are four colours in Zanzibar flag, blue, green, black and
yellow.
6. Where were you born?
I was born in Mnazimmoja hospital.
7. When were you born?
I was born in 2010.
8. What is your common finger?
My common finger is Ali Omar Ali.
9. What is your cup of tea?
My cup of tea is learning and watching T.V
10. When did you see the light?
I saw the light in 2010
11. Where did you see the light?
I saw the light at Mnazimmoja hospital.
12. What is your favourite subject at school?
My favourite subject at school is English.
13. How old are you?
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 I am fifteen years old.
14. Why do you pray?
I pray to protect myself from the hell fire.
15. Why are you here?
I‟m here to learn English.
16. Who persuaded you to learn English?
Parents persuaded me to learn English.
B. First term questions
17. What will you do if you get a lot of money?
Well, thank you for your wonderful question. In fact, if I get
a lot of money, I will help my parents, poor people, orphans
and society.
18. Do you love your parents and why?
I love my parents because they look after me for everything,
such as shelter, food, clothes, education and so on.
19. Why do you learn English?
I learn English because English is an international language,
also English helps me in my subjects at school. For
examples Chemistry, Geography, History and so on.
20. What kind of friend do you like best and why?
I like polite friend because he/she is good to me.
21. Where will you go after leaving here?
After leaving here, I will go home to eat and pray.
22. What is important to you?
Education is important to me because without education no
one can do anything successfully.
23. Why do you go to school?
I go to school to find education because it is the key of my
life.

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C. Second term questions
24. You as a student what must you do? (teacher, child, parent
citizen, leader, human being)
Student: I am as a student I must learn hard and revise my
subjects.
Teacher: I am as a teacher I must teach my students well so as to
pass in their subjects.
Child: I am as a child I must respect my parents and other
people.
Parent: I am as a parent, I must raise my children in a proper
behaviour and take care of them.
Citizen: I am as a citizen I must do good things for my country.
Leader: I am as a leader I must serve my people fairly.
Human being: I am as a human being, I must worship my god
sincerely.
25. Who is the fourth President of Zanzibar?
The fourth President of Zanzibar is honourable Idrisa
Abdulwakil Nombe.
26. Who is the current/former President of Zanzibar/Tanzania?
The current/former President of Zanzibar/Tanzania is
honourable ……………………………
27. Who should we blame when a student fail in the exams?
When a student fail in the exams, we should blame …….
(teachers, parents, students themselves)
28. Why many students fail in their exams?
Many students fail in their exams because they don‟t revise
their subjects, some are truant and others deal with play.
29. Why do we clean our environment?
We clean our environment so as to protect ourselves from
different diseases such as cholera, malaria, diarrhoea, and so on.

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MOTION:
MONEY IS BETTER THAN EDUCATION
First term:(Supporting)
I‟m here to contribute the motion which says Money is better than
education. On my side I support the motion due to my uncrushable
point that I have. My point talks about Good health.
It is really and exactly my dear teacher and my dear fellow students
that if you have money you can buy fruits for example oranges
mangoes, paw paws and so on. So this will make your body healthy.
Therefore go east go west, money is the best.

Second term:(Opposing)
I‟m here purposely to contribute the motion which says Money is
better than education. On my side I oppose the motion due to my
undesputable point that I have. My point talks about Good job.
It is really and exactly my dear teacher and my dear fellow students
that if you have education you can have a good job, for instance,
teacher, pilot, engineer, doctor and so on. So agree or disagree
education is the best.

OPINION:
1. Importance of Education
I‟m here to give my beautiful opinion. My opinion talks about
importance of education. Education is important for everyone.
Without education no one can anything successfully.

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I go to school so that I become educated and employed in government
offices. Moreover, my dear fellow students, we need to go to school
every day so to remove ignorance in our life.
Thank you for your tranquility.

2. Road Accidents
I‟m here to give my beautiful opinion. My opinion talks about road
accidents. It is really that road accidents take place nowadays because
of carelessness like drinking alcohol.
Sometimes you can see people talk on the phones while they drive
cars. So we must avoid doing this so as to avoid accidents.
Thank you for your attention (thank you for being attentive)

Reading and Translation:

First term: At the Hospital
Second term: Importance of Newspapers.

IMPORTANCE OF NEWSPAPERS
Newspapers play a very important role in modern society. They
supply us with the latest news and keep us informed about the
changing events of world. It is therefore important to cultivate a
reading culture in children by encouraging them to read newspapers.
This will help keep them informed on different issues both nationally
and internationally. Our columnist FELISTER PETER interviewed

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children from Sinza Primary School on whether they read and
understand the importance of newspapers. This is what they said.

Mercy Mwakapala (13)

I like reading newspapers because they help me to know different
things happening within our society. I like both English and Kiswahili
newspapers especially those with educational stories, culture and
cartoons. I don‟t read them regularly because sometimes my parents
don‟t bring them home.
Lailat Khamis (12)
I like English newspapers because they help increase our
understanding of the language. They also help us learn new words.
My father likes reading newspapers and so he buys them every day. I
like Kiswahili newspapers that write about our culture.
Ally Hamidu (12)
I like newspapers that cover different types of stories. I am very much
interested in Swahili newspapers because they write information that
we can understand easily. I like to read stories in children‟s corners. I
like the pictures too. The problem is I don‟t get newspapers everyday
because my father only buys them when they carry political articles.
Mohamed Hussein (13)
Newspapers inform us on what is happening in our society and the
world in general. I like the international news in the Alaasiri
newspaper. This paper also has a specific page for primary school

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tuition. I don‟t prefer English papers because sometimes it‟s difficult
to understand the stories.
Samson Massawe (15)
I like them because of the cartoons and drawings. I like the cartoons
in the Alaasiri newspaper so much that I can‟t afford missing Alaasiri.
Kiswahili newspapers are my favorite as I understand the news easily.
English newspapers have difficult words that require a dictionary
which I don‟t have. I get them from my brothers.
Fatuma Nassor (12)
Newspapers increase our knowledge on issues concerning politics,
culture and science. These articles help keep the readers informed. I
like both Swahili and English newspapers. My favorite pages are
sports because I like playing football and basketball.

Prepared by teacher Yussuf (MASTER)

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