11/20/2016

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
air food
Cloth
By: water
heat (For human)
Arun Prasad Parajuli ESSENTIAL THINGS
FOR EXISTENCE OF
- M.Sc (Environmental Engineering) light LIFE shelter
- B.E. (Civil Engineering)
(Associate Professor/Head)
Pinder said ‘Best of all is water’ after air
Department of Civil Engineering,
Sagarmatha Engineering College,  Essential requirements: air, water, food, heat and light
Sanepa, Lalitpur  These are dealt in “Environmental Engineering”
 “Water Supply Engineering” is the branch of civil
1 engineering that deals with the supply of safe water 2

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF WATER SUPPLY 1.3 IMPORTANCE AND NECESSITY OF WATER

SUPPLY SCHEMES

 safe and wholesome water.

 reliable and adequate
 water available within easy NEED OF WATER
 reliability, quality, quantity in effective and
efficient

3 4

Chapter 1 Introduction
NEED OF WATER Water is needed for:

a. For cooking and drinking

b. For bathing and washing
c. For watering lawns and gardens.
d. For heating and air-cooling
e. For growing crops
f. For street washing
g. For fire fighting
h. For recreation in swimming pools, fountains and cascades
i. For power generation and various industrial processes etc.
5 6

1
 11/20/2016

SO HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEGRADATION OF

QUALITY OF WATER
• Near to the source of water
• River Bank
• Sea Bank
• Surrounding spring/stream etc
BUT
QUALITY OF WATER
Reduced by increasing population
and
generated waste
7 8

DEGRADATION OF
QUALITY OF WATER

DEGRADATION OF
QUALITY OF WATER
9 10

DEGRADATION OF
QUALITY OF WATER NEED OF SAFE WATER

MADE UNHEALTHIER
CAN BE ONLY BE ACHIEVED
BY
SPREADING OF BY SYSTEMATIC SAFE WATER
DISEASES SUPPLY SCHEMES

11 12

2
 11/20/2016

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.4 IMPACTS DUE TO WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

SYSTEMATIC SAFE WATER
A. Positive Impacts:
SUPPLY SCHEMES a. Immediate Impact:
i. Fetching time (long go and bring) is saved
To Achieve the objectives of Water ii. Improves hygienic condition
iii.Safe, reliable, adequate and effective supply is gained.
Supply
b. Long Term Impact:
i. Increases socio-economic activities
 safe and wholesome water. ii. Increases the living standard of the people
iii.Help in the economic growth of whole nation
 reliable in quantity and quality B. Negative Impacts:
 water available within easy reach a. Reduces downstream water
b. Decreases groundwater table.
 effective and efficient supply c. Create dispute between downstream water users.
d. Pollution due to decreased quantity of water
13 14

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction

1.5 DIFFERENT TERMS USED FOR WATER

A. Pure water: Not good for health. Requirement of wholesome water:

B. Potable Water: Water suitable for drinking
C. Polluted Water: Synonymous to contamination but result of
contamination.
D. Contaminated Water: Contamination means containing
harmful matter
E. Infected Water: Contaminated with pathogens
i. Should be free from:
Radioactive substance, microorganism, disease causing
bacteria, objectionable dissolved gases, harmful salts,
objectionable minerals, iron, manganese, lead, arsenic
and other poisonous metals.
ii. Colorless, sparkling
iii. Tasty, odour-free, soft, cool and cheap

F. Palatable water: Synonymous to potable water. iv. Not corrode pipes.

v. Have dissolved oxygen and free from carbonic acid
G. Wholesome Water: Drinkable water
15 16

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.7 COMPONENTS OF WATER SUPPLY Chapter 1 Introduction

1.6 ESSENTIALS OF WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING

SOURCE/ TREATMENT
RESERVOIRS
INTAKE PLANT

DISTRIBUTION
CONSUMERS SYSTEMS
TAP
Fig. Components of a Typical
Rural Gravity Water Supply
Fig. Typical Flow Diagram on Essentials of Water Supply
System
Engineering

17 18

3
 11/20/2016

1.7 COMPONENTS OF WATER SUPPLY Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction

1.8 METHODS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION

1. Gravity System

2. Pumping System

3. Dual System

Fig. Typical components of urban water supply system

(Source: Punmia et al., 2005) 19 20

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction

Fig. Gravity system of distribution Fig. Pumping system of distribution

(Source: Birdie and Birdie, 2001) (Source: Birdie and Birdie, 2001)

21 22

Chapter 1 Introduction

THANK YOU
Fig. Dual system of distribution
(Source: Birdie and Birdie, 2001)

23 24