AGA612

RESEARCH PROJECT 1
FACTOR INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION
OF EDIBLE LANDSCAPE AMONG THE
HOMEOWNERS IN PERLIS
Muhammad Faris Bin Zubir
(2017663112)
Bachelor Of Science In Agrotechnology (HONS) Horticulture
Technology

Supervisor:
Madam Nur Illani binti Abdul Razak (FPA)
Co-Sv:
Madam Syazwani binti Ya (FPP)
 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
• Edible landscaping is an innovative idea in the design of landscaping by
using vegetables, herbs and fruit trees as main softscape materials to replace
the fancy plants and ornamental plants that have been used routinely in
traditional landscaping (X. Wang, 2016).

• The concept of edible landscaping is originates from ancient Persian

gardens where ornamental and edible plants have been mixed

• These day, the loose of direct contact between food producer and food
consumer is increasing, making more and more people wanting to eat
vegetables produced on their own and the use of vegetable plants beside the
well-known ornamental plants in the design of the yard landscape becomes
more and more frequent (He & Zhu, 2018)
 Continue..

• Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is being used to model the edible

gardening among the homeowner in Perlis.

• The TPB identifies intention as the primary antecedent of attitude,

subjective norms and perceived behavioural control (Ajzen, 1991, 2002;
Lake 2015)

• In the present study, intention is assume to capture the motivating factors

that influence the person or individual to participate in edible gardening by
measure of how much effort individuals or person are intend to carry out
this activity (Lake, 2015).
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Abandon lawn will also cause

unwanted insect and pest
population increase especially
mosquito (Lake, 2015)
The ignorance by left the
front yard unplanned will
cause unattractive view
for the homeowner and
passing strangers Although there is numerous study showing
the benefit of edible garden, none of them
ever mention about the factor influencing
the adoption of edible garden among the
homeowners in Perlis
 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Does attitude affect the adoption of edible landscape among the homeowner
in Perlis?

Does subjective norm affect the adoption of edible landscape among the
homeowner in Perlis?

Does perceived behavioural control affect the adoption of edible landscape

among the homeowner in Perlis?
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

To examine the effect

To identity the effect of subjective
of attitude towards
norm towards the adoption of
the adoption of edible
edible landscape among the
landscape among the
homeowners in Perlis.
homeowners in Perlis

To discover the effect of perceived behavioural

control towards the adoption of edible landscape
among the homeowners in Perlis.
 HYPOTHESIS

Ha : Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control

influence the adoption of edible landscape among the homeowners in
Perlis.

H0 : Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control did

not influence the adoption of edible landscape among the homeowners
in Perlis.
 SIGNIFICANTS OF STUDY
For institution:

This study will provide information and

reference for the horticultural student to
better understand which factor influenced the
adoption of edible landscape among the
homeowners in Perlis.

For Organization:

This study also will give benefits to

agricultural organization to identify the
reason on why the homeowner in Perlis adopt
the edible landscape at their property in
order to promote this behavior.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
EDIBLE LANDSCAPE

• Edible landscaping is an
innovative idea in the design
of landscaping by using
vegetables, herbs and fruit
trees as main softscape
materials to replace the fancy
plants and ornamental plants
that have been used routinely
in traditional landscaping (X.
Wang, 2016).

• For both aesthetic and

consumption purposes (Çelik,
2017)
 RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE

• The art and practice of

enhanced the view and
aesthetic appeal of a
surrounding home can be
described as residential
landscape (Notteboom, 2018)

Notteboom, 2018
• Two main elements
1. Soft landscape (Softscape)
2. Hard landscape (Hardscape)
 ORNAMENTAL PLANT

• Ornamental plants are purposely

planted for enhancement the view
of indoor and outdoor landscape
area (Ciftcioglu, Ebedi, & Abak,
2019)

• Since the Neolithic period, peoples Ati ati

have been using ornamental plant
to decorate their home(Ciftcioglu,
Ebedi, & Abak, 2019)

• Ornamental plant can be classified

into three group which are exotic,
native and naturalistic plant
(Idilfitri, Sulaiman, & Salleh,
2014)
Pokok doa
 ORNAMENTAL VEGETABLES

• Ornamental vegetables are plant

which are used to replace ornamental
plants that are not edible in
landscape design

• Many studies indicate that vegetables

are significant food item from the Kale
view and are extremely useful for
maintaining human health and
disease prevention (Verain, Sijtsema,
Taufik, Raaijmakers, & Reinders,
2019)

• However it is not only for health

purpose but also for aesthetic values
which is led to the creation of edible
landscaping using an ornamental
vegetable (U & Apahidean, 2011). Cabbage
 THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR

• The TPB identifies intention as the primary antecedent of attitude,

subjective norms and perceived behavioural control (Ajzen, 1991, 2002;
Lake 2015)

ATTITUDE

• Firstly, the degree of which individual has positive or negative

evaluation of overall specific behaviour is known as attitude toward
behavior

• There are many studies indicate that attitude is important variable of

behavioural intention (Kang et al. 2006; Dickinger & Kleijnen 2008;
S. Wang et al., 2016)

• Attitudes measure the degree to which a person evaluates edible

gardening favourably or unfavourably (Lake, 2015)
SUBJECTIVE NORM

• The second antecedent of intention is a subjective norm which refers to

the perceived social pressure of an individual to follow the behaviour
or not (Lake, 2015)
• There are previous studies have shown that subjective norm will
positively impacts behavioural intention. (Han et al. 2010; Abou-Zeid
& Ben-Akiva 2011; Axsen and Kurani 2012; Castanier et al. 2013; Wang
et al., 2016)
• Subjective norms test the perceived social pressure of an individual to
carry out edible gardening or not to do it (Lake, 2015)

PERCEIVED BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL

• Perceived behavioural control is an individual's interpretation of how

easy or difficult it is to perform the behaviour (Ajzen, 1991)

• Perceived behaviour control measures the perceived ease or difficulty

of a person in carrying out edible gardening (Lake, 2015)

• In the previous study about edible gardening conducted by Lake

(2015), the results indicate that the largest obstacle to urban edible
gardening is perceived behavioural control factor.
 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK

Attitude

Adoption of edible
Subjective norm
landscape

Perceived
behavioural control
 METHODOLOGY
Location of study Perlis state

Targeted group Homeowners in Perlis

Population 253,100

Sampling technique Non-probability sampling method,

(Snowball technique)
Sampling size 384

Measurement Quantitative method

(Questionaires)
 Continue..
Data analysis • Frequency Distribution

• Descriptive Analysis

• Cronbach’s Alpha

• Pearson Correlation Analysis

• Regression Analysis

Software used for data analysis Statistical Package for Social Science
(SPSS)
 SAMPLING SIZE
DETERMINATION
 EXPECTED OUTCOME

Secondly, it is expected Finally, it is expected

Firstly, it is expected
that subjective norm that perceived
that attitude will
will also influence the behavioural control will
influence the adoption
adoption of edible influence the adoption
of edible landscape
landscape among the of edible landscape
among the
homeowners in Perlis. among the
homeowners in Perlis.
homeowners in Perlis.
Subjective norms test
Attitudes test the
the perceived social This can be achieved by
degree to which an
pressure of an measures the perceived
individual favorably or
individual to carry out ease or difficulty of a
unfavorably evaluates
edible gardening or not person in carrying out
edible gardening
to do it edible gardening
 GANTT CHART
NO MONTH SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
ACTIVITIES/WEEK

1.
BRIEFING BY COORDINATOR

2.
SELECT TOPIC & SUPERVISOR

3.
SUBMIT AGREEMENT
4. BRIEFING ON FYP 1
5. SEMINAR
6. PROPOSAL WRITING

7.
PROPOSAL SUBMISSION
8. DEFEND PROPOSAL

9. SUBMISSION FINAL PROPOSAL &

LOGBOOK

10.
STUDY METHOD AND LOCATION

11.
DISTRIBUTION OF QUESTIONAIRES
12. DATA ANAYLYSIS
13. THESIS WRITING
 REFERENCES
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