CHARACTERISTICS

OF RESEARCH
 ◦ Realistic
◦ Logical
◦ Cyclical
◦ Analytical
◦ Objective
◦ Critical
◦ Replicable
◦ REALISTIC
Research must result to an empirical data.
EMPIRICAL DATA re those derived from actual observations of a
phenomenon, interviews of people who have witnessed an incident.
◦ LOGICAL
Research follows valid, definite principles, frameworks and procedures.
◦ CYCLICAL
Starts with a problem and ends with another.
If a questions was answered, a new question will rise.
◦ ANALYTICAL
Can be analyzed to elicit the desired meaning from the obtained information.
◦ OBJECTIVE
Defined as the lack of bias or prejudiced.
Analysis and interpretation of data must be free from bias and alteration to favor a certain hypothesis.
◦ CRITICAL
The researcher is careful and precise in processing ideas and judgement.
The credibility of the researcher plays an important and critical role in qualitative research.
◦ REPLICABLE
Research procedures should be written clearly and chronologically for it to be replicable.
It is only through this process that a particular research can be repeated.
TYPES OF
RESEARCH
 Basic vs. Applied
◦ Basic (Pure research)
Aim is to come up with a new knowledge or contribute to
the existing body of knowledge
Explanation is introduced about an existing or new idea.
◦ Applied Research
Aim is to find applications for the theories.
QUALITATIVE VS
QUANTITATIVE
 Two General Methods
Quantitative Qualitative
◦ Theory/hypothesis testing ◦ Theory/ hypothesis
◦ Explanation generating
◦ Quantification and Statistics ◦ Understanding
◦ Deductive ◦ Description
◦ Focus on Objective Data ◦ Inductive
◦ Focus on Observation
ASSESSMENT
Identify the characteristic of research is
being described in each situations.
Write Critical, Cyclical. Logical,
Realistic, Replicable
◦ Eric identifies a problem of his research. After gathering his findings for the first problem, he found out
and identified another problem. He suggested that the other researchers continue research on the newly
found problem. ___________________
◦ Annie uses scientific method in doing research procedures. She ensures that all the instruments and
procedures used are valid before proceeding to the next step to assure that the final outcome and
conclusions are also valid. ____________
◦ Robbie is interested to conduct research about the factors affecting the growth of fish in saltwater. He
chose this topic because he lives in an area near the seashore._____
◦ After finishing his data analysis, Irvin continues to examine the results of the data analysis. Before he
supports or rejects his hypothesis, he makes sure that he has established a high level of confidence in his
data analysis. He is confident and precise in his interpretations whether the results are significant or not.
_______________
◦ Grace has finished conducting research in her field of expertise. She wants to submit it to a national
journal for publication. The National Journal Screening Committee wants to examine the validity of the
results of Grace’s paper. The committee decided to include Grace’s paper since the results from the
experiment of the committee is the same as the results reported by Grace on her paper. What
characteristic is being described?_____________
Write A if the statement describes qualitative research and write B if it describes
quantitative research.

◦ It is sometimes called naturalistic research.

◦ Developing response categories prior to conducting the study is not known or
tried.
◦ Data collection is done from interviews, observations, and content analysis of
newspapers, books, videos, case records, and other already developed
documents.
◦ It uses inductive method of reasoning.
◦ It uses deductive method of reasoning.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF A SUCCESSFUL
RESEARCHER
◦ Curious
A successful researcher is determined to investigate intricacy of things.
He takes pleasure in reading journals, in finding out the trends.
◦ Efficient
The researcher uses time, effort and resources for an intended purpose.
Qualitative researchers must be efficient in managing research schedules.
◦ Logical
Researchers follow procedures identified to the scientific method in finding out answers to
their queries.
◦ Effective
Researchers must know how to foresee errors, so that they can be addressed immediately.
◦ Active
Researchers always respond to the challenges of the modern world.
◦ Practical
If the resources are limited, researchers must be able to find ways to make use of given
resources and locally available materials to compensate for the things needed w/o
compromising the quality of research.
◦ Inventive
Researchers have novel ideas.
◦ Honest
They should display a high level of intellectual honesty.
◦ Cost-effective
Researchers make sure that resources will not be wasted.
RESEARCH ACROSS
DISCIPLINES
Areas of Discipline Qualitative Quantitative

Medicine Dengue prevention practices of different Studies to develop vaccines for HIV.
places in the Philippines.

Arts Stories behind the different artworks and Search for a good paint substance and painting
different painters. material.

Sports Common characteristics of children into Development of a lightweight material to be

and not into sports. used as volleyball.

Music or Psychology Characterization of different behaviors Effects of types of music on the behavior of
of children listening to a particular children.
music genre.
History Apolinario Mabini: the sublime Statistical profiles of a population for the past
paralytic. 20 years.
 Business Behavioral traits of product patrons in Relationship between expenditures in
last 10 years. advertisements and sales.

Agriculture Heath benefits of organically grown Effects of organic fertilizers in vegetable

vegetables to elderly. production and sales.

Fisheries Fishermen’s adjustment mechanisms to Environmental factors affecting the amount of

the El Nino phenomenon. fish catch in kilograms.

ICT Effects of technology use on students Effectiveness of Gooru Learning System in

classroom discourse. the attitude toward technology use of
secondary physics students.

Social Science Ethnographic study of the economic and Effects of socioeconomics status on students’
political practices of the Ibanags. achievement in Philippine History class.
 ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES OF
RESEARCH
 Ethics
◦ Anchored on moral standards that must be followed.
◦ Morality is a set of unwritten rules that guides individuals
on the things that they should or should not do in order to
attain harmony and orderliness.
◦ Ethics is defined as the process of applying moral
standards and principles in any undertaking.
 Ethical Principles
◦ Honesty -Maintain all communication. Data should not be
faked.
◦ Objectivity -Avoid biases in experimental designs, data
analysis, interpretation, expert testimony, and other aspects
of research.
◦ Integrity -Keep your promises and agreements.
◦ Carefulness-Avoid careless errors and negligence.
◦ Openness -Share data, results, ideas and tools. Be open to
criticism and new ideas.
◦ Social Responsibility
 Strive to promote social good. Avoid social harm.
◦ Non- Discrimination
 avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex,
races, ethnicity, and or others.
◦ Legality
Be informed and obey relevant laws and institutional governmental policies.
◦ Respect of Intellectual Property
 Give proper acknowledgment or credits to all researchers.
◦ Trustworthiness
 The researcher must keep all data confidential for the protection of the
respondents to public scrutiny.