Soran University

Faculty Of Engineering

Department of Civil engineering -2nd Stage

Fluid Mechanics Report

Experiment No. 3

(Fluid Flow Rate)

Prepared by: Supervised by:

Abdulla Hassan Hamad Dr. Hewa Hussein Omar

Mr. Muhammad

Semester: 4

Exp. Date: 27 Feb 2024

Submission Date: 7 Mar 2024

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 Table Contents

Introduction :.............................................................................................................................................3

Theory:.......................................................................................................................................................4

Objective:...................................................................................................................................................6

Material and Apparatus:..........................................................................................................................7

Procedure:..................................................................................................................................................9

Discussion:...............................................................................................................................................10

Conclusion:..............................................................................................................................................11

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Introduction:

The fluid flow rate lab test stands as a cornerstone in fluid mechanics, dedicated to
the precise measurement and analysis of the flow velocity of liquids or gases
through a given system. Beyond its fundamental nature, this experiment plays a
pivotal role in unraveling the complex behaviors of fluids under diverse conditions.
The insights gained from this analysis supply indispensable data, guiding the
design and optimization of engineering applications.

Central to this exploration is the utilization of specialized instruments and

techniques, allowing researchers to delve into key factors influencing flow rates.
Parameters such as pressure, viscosity, and pipe geometry become focal points,
shaping our understanding of fluid dynamics. The equation
V
Q=
t

serves as the mathematical backbone for these

investigations, where (Q) is represents the flow rate in
units of (L/ s) or (m ³ /s), (V) is the volume of fluid
collected in either liters or cubic meters, and (t) denotes
the time taken for collection in seconds.

This analytical process extends beyond mere calculations; it is a dynamic journey

into the intricate world of fluid mechanics. The marriage of theoretical principles
with practical experimentation not only contributes to the advancement of fluid
dynamics but also yields applicable insights for engineering solutions. As
researchers navigate this fluidic realm, they pave the way for innovations that
resonate across various industries, marking the fluid flow rate lab test as a linchpin
in the quest for understanding and harnessing the behavior of fluids.

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Theory:

Fluid Flow: A Historical Journey The study of fluid motion, dating back centuries,
saw key contributions from figures like Daniel Bernoulli. His work on pressure,
velocity, and elevation in fluids led to "Bernoulli's principle," crucial for
understanding fluids. Building on this history, our experiment explores fluid flow
rate, connecting past and present insights in a controlled setting.

Fluid flow rate is a fundamental concept in fluid dynamics, encompassing various

parameters such as volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate, and weight flow rate.
Understanding these parameters is crucial for characterizing the movement of
fluids through different systems.

Volumetric Flow Rate (Q): The volumetric flow rate is the measure of the volume of
fluid passing through a given cross-sectional area per unit time. Mathematically, it
is expressed as:

Q= A ⋅V

Where:

Q is the volumetric flow rate (m³/s)

A represents the cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows (m²)

V is the velocity of the fluid (m/s).

This equation illustrates that the volumetric flow rate is the product of the cross-
sectional area and the fluid velocity.

Mass Flow Rate (m):

The mass flow rate represents the mass of fluid passing through a section per unit
time. It is calculated using the equation: m ˙=ρ ⋅ A ⋅V

Where:

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m˙ is the mass flow rate (kg/s)

ρ is the density of the fluid (kg/m³)

A is the cross-sectional area (m²)

V is the velocity of the fluid (m/s).

This equation shows that the mass flow rate is influenced by the density, cross-
sectional area, and fluid velocity.

Weight Flow Rate (W˙):

The weight flow rate measures the force exerted by the fluid passing through a section per unit
time. It can be related to the mass flow rate through the equation:

W ˙=g ⋅ m˙

Where:

W˙ is the weight flow rate (N/s)

g is the acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)

m˙ is the mass flow rate (kg/s).

This equation expresses the weight flow rate as the product of the mass flow rate
and the acceleration due to gravity. Understanding these flow rate parameters and
their respective equations provides a comprehensive foundation for analyzing fluid
dynamics in various applications.

Objective:

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The objective of the fluid flow rate experiment is to precisely assess and analyze
the speed of fluids within a system, providing essential insights for understanding
fluid behaviors and improving engineering applications.

Material and Apparatus:

1. Stopwatch

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 2. Hydrodynamic
3. Timer
4. Rotameter

Stopwatch Hydrodynamic Training Rotameter

Hydrodynamic Training

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 Sight tube
Pipe Level

Valve Tank
Pump

Procedure:

Step 1 we pump water into our Training Hydrodynamic machine through a pump

We open the outlets through which water enters the device to conduct our test.

Step 2

Connect our Rotameter to our Training Hydrodynamic device through a pipe so we

can find our Flow Rate.

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Another way to find the Flow Rate is to just rely on the Training Hydrodynamic
device like this

The first step is to pump the water into our device

Step 2 The water then flows from the device into the tank 73cm long and 30cm
high.

Step 3 To measure the flow rate, open the tank outlet to allow water to enter the
tank to the amount we have determined

For example, we want it to be up to 10cm.

Step 4 We use a clock to determine the time when the water from the tank reaches
the specified amount we stop the time then determine the amount of time (t) with
the volume of water (V) so we can find our Flow Rate (Q).

Step 5 Find Velocity with the rule Q= A . v

Step 6 We find the mass flow rate by this law

W =W . g . Q or m°=M.Q

Discussion:

According to this graph, we can see that increasing (Q) increases (m) and
increasing (Q) increases (w). This tells us that (Q) is perpendicular to (m) and (w).

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Conclusion:

The fluid flow rate experiment has proven to be a vital exploration into the
intricacies of fluid mechanics. Through meticulous measurements and analysis, we
have uncovered valuable insights into the factors influencing flow rates, including
pressure, viscosity, and pipe geometry. This experiment not only contributes to our
fundamental understanding of fluid dynamics but also holds practical significance
for optimizing engineering applications. As we navigate the complexities of fluid

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behavior, this experiment stands as a key tool in advancing our knowledge and
refining the application of fluid mechanics in various fields.

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