NAZEER HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY, KARACHI

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING PRACTICES AND SCIENCE

SUPERVISED INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

Maintenance of Electrical Components in HVAC System

ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

PAKISTAN NAVY

Schedule: 12 SEP 2022 to 02 JUNE 2023

Report by: Afzaal Faridi (Registration # 1104E-F19-015)

Submitted to: Professor Muhammad Irfan Shaikh

Director Industrial Liaison & Placement Bureau Nazeer Hussain University

1|Page
 PREFACE

This report documents my engineering training experience during

my industrial training as an On Job Trainee Electrical Technician in
the electrical section of PN Dockyard West Warf, Karachi. The
purpose of the training was to gain practical experience in the field
of electrical technology following the completion of three years of
academic studies for a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Technology at Nazeer Hussain University, Karachi. This report has
been prepared in fulfillment of the requirements set by the National
Technologists Council (NTC) and Higher Education Commission
(HEC) of Pakistan for the completion of industrial training.

During a period of 32 weeks, from Sep 12, 2022, to June 02, 2023,
at PN Dockyard, I had the opportunity to acquire new knowledge
and gain practical experience while applying the theoretical
concepts learned during my six semesters of study. The report
involves three main sections, including an introduction to the
training establishment, an overview of my training experience, and
a conclusion reflecting on the overall training period.

In conclusion, I would like to express my utmost appreciation to the

Dockyard and its staff for providing me with this exceptional
opportunity to learn and grow. This supervised industrial training
has undoubtedly equipped me with valuable skills, prepared me for
a promising career in electrical engineering, and motivated me to
make meaningful contributions to the field

2|Page
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to prompt my gratitude and obligation to all those who

buoyed me during my 32-week industrial training in the Electrical
Section of PN Dockyard, Karachi. This training experience has been
influential in formative and evolving my career.

I outspread my honest thanks to Professor Engr. Liaquat Ali Khan,

Director of the Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology
Program, and Professor Muhammad Irfan Shaikh, Director of
Industrial Liaison & Placement Bureau, at Nazeer Hussain
University, where I followed my undergraduate studies in Electrical
Engineering Technology. Their steadfast obligation and supervision
during my final year industrial training have been astonishing.

I am also obliged to my esteemed teachers for obtainability and

support me, particularly during critical situations, as they have
played a vigorous role in supervisory and sharing their knowledge
to the best of their aptitudes.

Lastly, I would like to rapid my appreciation to all the interns from

Nazeer Hussain University who have collaborated and provided
support during my internship period. Their collaboration has been
involved in making my internship experience more abundant and
enjoyable.

3|Page
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO TOPICS PAGE NO.

1 Background & Profile of the Organization 5-12

2 Training Title (Nature of Training) 13

3 Schedule of Training 13

4 Training Field (Brief) 14-24

5 Training Summery 25-26

6 Skills & Experience 27

7 Project / Assignment 28

8 Hand on Skills Acquired 29

9 Problems & Challenges 30

10 Problem Solving Approach 31

11 Suggestions for Enhance Productivity 32-34

12 Quality Management System 35-36

13 Safety Features at Workplace (EPCL) 37-38

14 Conclusion 39

15 References and appendixes 40

4|Page
 1. BACKGROUND & PROFILE OF ORGANIZATION

1.1 PN History

The PN share of the ships at the time of partition comprised 4

frigates/sloops, 4 fleet minesweepers, 8 motor minesweepers and

harbor defense launches. The Naval Headquarters started functioning

initially in one room office of the Naval Officer In charge, Karachi.

NHQ was later shifted to a building at West Wharf and subsequently

shifted to Napier Barracks (Liaquat Barracks) at Karachi. The training

establishment HMPS history was commissioned as Gunnery and Radar

School for the RIN on 27 Nov 1943. Soon after independence, it

expanded into a combined training establishment housing the Signal,

Torpedo and Anti-submarine, Tactics, Navigation and Direction,

Supply and Secretariat and Cookery Schools. HMPS QASIM,

commissioned as a coastal defense establishment on Manora Island on

15 Apr 1948. On 13 Oct 1948, HMPS Zulfiqaar was converted into the

first survey ship of the Navy. HMPS Shifa was commissioned as the

Navy's first hospital on 23 Sep 1953. The first mechanical training

5|Page
establishment of Pakistan Navy was set up on Manora Island and

commissioned as HMPS KARSAZ on 01 Dec 49. In 1952 PN Torpedo

Depot was established at West Wharf. To meet the increasing demand

of docking/repair, a dock was purchased from Italy and was

commissioned as HMPS IQBAL. Subsequently the graving dock was

opened at PN Dockyard Karachi on 7 Sep 54. In 1956 Islamic Republic

of Pakistan was proclaimed under the 1956 constitution. The prefix

`Royal’ was dropped and the service redesignated as Pakistan Navy

short title PN. PN Jack and Pakistan flag replaced the Queen’s color

and the white ensign respectively. The order of precedence of the three

services changed from Navy, Army, Air Force to Army, Navy, Air

Force. In 1968 PNS IQBAL was commissioned for Special Services

Group (Navy). One year later in 1969 Navy suited from khaki uniform

to its traditional white uniform. PNS PESHAWAR was commissioned

in 1970 as the depot for PN Dockyard.

Pakistan Naval Academy was also established in the same year as PNS

RAHBAR followed by commissioning of PNS ABDOZE as a depot

for the submarine service. First PN Staff course commenced in May

1971 at PN Staff College established in Karsaz area. Quaid inspecting

6|Page
Guard of Honor on-board HMPS ZULFIQUAR in 1947 President

Ayub with CNS at the Naval Academy in 1966 PNS DHAKA in 1969

The Maritime Security Agency was established on 1 Jan 1987. On 8

Jun 1996, PNS PUNJAB was commissioned as a depot unit at Lahore.

In 1974 Naval Headquarters was shifted to Islamabad and PNS ZAFAR

was commissioned as a depot for PN personnel serving at Islamabad.

The Maritime Headquarters with Ferranti 5070 computer assisted

coastal surveillance system was inaugurated at Clifton Karachi in 1976

along with PNS HAIDER commissioned as its depot. In 1981 Pakistan

Naval Engineering College was established and commissioned as PNS

JAUHAR. In 1986 PNS BAHADUR was commissioned as the main

professional training center for seaman branch personnel. It housed the

Surface Warfare, Naval Warfare and OPS, Communications,

Hydrography, EW, Instructional Techniques and Music schools. PNS

AKRAM, the first naval establishment on MAKRAN coast was

commissioned in 1987 as a depot for naval detachments at GWADAR.

The base camp was also established on ORMARA Head the same year

and inaugurated as Remote Data Station MIANWALI. In 1990 Marine

Battalion of Pakistan Navy was formed and PNS QASIM, re-

7|Page
commissioned at Manora, was established as the HQ for marines. In

1991 Pakistan naval ensign was hoisted at Jinnah station, which was

established in the Antarctica. The same year RDS MIANWALI at

ORMARA was commissioned as PNS AHSAN, a depot unit for

personnel at ORMARA. 7 | P a g e In 1992 Missile Depot was

commissioned as PNS AATISH at Maripur. In 1994 PNS NIGRAN

was commissioned as the depot for Naval Provost Branch. In 1996 PNS

RAZA was commissioned as an Air Store Depot. In 1994 ground

breaking and foundation stone laying ceremony of “Jinnah Naval

Harbor” (JNB) was performed. The base was finally commissioned in

year 2000.

8|Page
1.2 Organization

9|Page
1.3 Chief of The Naval Staff

Admiral M Amjad Khan Niazi NI (M) S BT is the current Chief

of the Naval Staff of the Pakistan Navy since 07 October 2020; The

Admiral was commissioned in Operations Branch of Pakistan Navy in

1985. A winner of the coveted Sword of Honor, the Admiral has vast

experience of both command and staff appointments. Command

appointments of the Admiral include command of two Type 21 ships

PNS BADR and PNS TARIQ, Commander 18th Destroyer Squadron,

Commandant PNS BAHADUR, Commandant Pakistan Navy War

College/ Commander Central Punjab, Commander Pakistan Fleet and

Commander Karachi. His distinguished staff appointments include

Principal Secretary to Chief of the Naval Staff, head of F-22P Mission

in China, Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Training & Evaluation),

Director General Naval Intelligence and Chief of Staff (Operations) at

Naval Headquarters, Islamabad. Admiral Muhammad Amjad Khan

Niazi is a graduate of Army Command & Staff College Quetta and

National Defense University Islamabad. He also holds a Master Degree

in Underwater Acoustics from Beijing University of Aeronautics and

Astronautics, China. In recognition of his meritorious services, the

10 | P a g e
Admiral has been awarded Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military), Hilal-e-Imtiaz

(Military) and Sitara-e-Basalat. He was also conferred the French

Medal Chevalier (Knight) by the Government of France. The primary

mission of the Pakistan Navy is to ensure the defense and security of

Pakistan's maritime borders and interests. This includes protecting the

country's sea lines of communication, securing its exclusive economic

zone, conducting naval operations, and contributing to national security

in collaboration with other branches of the Pakistan Armed Forces The

Pakistan Navy boasts a diverse range of operational assets, including

surface ships, submarines, naval aviation, and Special Forces. These

assets enable the navy to conduct a wide array of maritime operations,

including surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare,

mine warfare, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. The

Pakistan Navy has actively participated in international maritime

operations and exercises, contributing to regional stability and fostering

cooperation with other navies. It has also played a crucial role in

supporting international efforts against piracy and terrorism in the

Arabian Sea. The Pakistan Navy's core values include professionalism,

integrity, loyalty, and commitment to the defense and security of the

11 | P a g e
nation. It strives to maintain a high standard of operational readiness,

technological advancement, and efficiency in all aspects of its

operations. The Pakistan Navy is a vital component of the country's

defense establishment, dedicated to safeguarding Pakistan's maritime

interests and contributing to regional stability. With its modern

capabilities, skilled personnel, and commitment to excellence, the

Pakistan Navy continues to play a crucial role in maintaining maritime

security in the region. Four dimensions collectively enable the Pakistan

Navy to effectively operate in various domains, including the surface,

underwater, aerial, and special operations realms. This multi-

dimensional approach ensures that the navy can protect Pakistan's

maritime interests, deter potential threats, and contribute to regional

stability.

12 | P a g e
 2. TRAINING TITLE (NATURE OF TRAINING)

Maintenance of Electrical Equipment’s in HVAC System

3. SCHEDULE OF TRAINING

From 12 September 2022 to 02 June 2023

13 | P a g e
 4. TRAINING FIELD (BREIF)

4.1 HVAC System

When referring to your entire heating and cooling system,

HVAC, which stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning,

is the all-inclusive term. HVAC is a type of automation system used

to manage the thermal comfort and air quality provided to the human

environment for survival. A complete system for heating, cooling, and

improving indoor air quality is commonly referred to as an HVAC

(heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) in offices as well as other

buildings.

HVAC can be easily confused with the term AC, but AC simply refers

to air conditioning on its own, while HVAC refers to the broader

14 | P a g e
system, which may or may not include an air conditioning unit. HVAC

is based on thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Just

like different types of automation systems, HVAC too is a type of

automation system.

HVAC is one of the most important parts required when setting

up a high-rise building, commercial complex, industrial unit, hospital,

parking unit, hotels, etc. where air quality and thermal parameters need

to be maintained so that the personnel around can live properly.

Traditional HVAC systems worked without PLCs but nowadays,

almost all of them have PLCs installed for better and more accurate

control.

4.2 HVAC Working

As discussed earlier, HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and

air conditioning. Some require it for cooling purposes, or heating

purposes, or ventilation. HVAC maintains the required temperature,

humidity, air pressure, and quality required in any particular room or

area. The goal of your HVAC system is to make your ideal office and

other buildings comfort circumstances become a reality. To do this, a

complete system must be built from a combination of an air

15 | P a g e
conditioner, furnace, air handler, ductwork, thermostat and even some

other units like a humidifier or air purifier.

Once the proper HVAC system for your office and other

buildings is selected and installed, you’ll begin controlling the

temperature inside with your thermostat. When the thermostat tells the

other HVAC units in your office and other buildings the temperature

needs to change, they will begin the process of producing warm or cool

air. That newly warmed or cooled air will be distributed throughout

your office and other buildings with the help of ductwork or an air

handler. If your office and other buildings features a ductless system,

refrigerant lines will help move the air through the system.

16 | P a g e
 HVAC systems can be powered by either gas or electricity,

though most systems are now electric. The main exception are furnaces,

which tend to be either gas or oil powered.

HVAC keeps us warm in winter and cools in summer. It reduces

humidity raised during the monsoon season. HVAC keeps the indoor

and outdoor air clean in almost any season.

4.2.1 Heat & Ventilation Processing

The heating process in HVAC is used to heat or warm a particular

area or room. It uses components like a furnace, boiler, and heat pump.

It uses three basic methods of heating – conduction, convection, and

radiation. It is required in cold climates or areas where heat is important

for survival or any process; and needs to be maintained. A heat

pump can both heat and cool your home. They use refrigerant to absorb,

transport, and release heat, and they can reverse the flow of that

refrigerant depending on if you need heating or cooling. Heat pumps

are power ed by electricity, not fossil fuels.

17 | P a g e
 As the name implies, the ventilation process in HVAC is used to

keep the air flow clean and steady; be it outdoors or indoors. It

exchanges indoor air with outdoor air for maintaining a fresh air supply.

One of the most used applications of ventilation is in car parking areas.

Big vent fans are used to remove carbon dioxide emitted from vehicles

when it exceeds a certain limit. This keeps the air fresh and the area

free from pollution.

4.2.2 Air Conditioning Processing

An air conditioner cools your home by removing heat and

humidity from inside and transferring it outside. The air conditioning

process in HVAC is used to cool a particular area or room. It uses

components like air conditioners, chillers, and cooling towers. It is

required in hot and humid climates or areas where cooling and humidity

are important for survival or any process and needs to be maintained

18 | P a g e
4.3 Parts of HVAC Systems

The commercial HVAC system has a variety of components.

Each of these works together to ensure overall system performance. If

any of the components breaks down, then the whole system will not be

far behind. However, just one part gets most of the attention. As you

can probably guess, that part is the compressor. It’s true the compressor

is the “heart” of the HVAC and does the most work. However, we

caution you to remember many system problems don’t originate in the

compressor. When you suffer early compressor failure, it often means

there is another problem that has gone unnoticed.

The key parts of the commercial HVAC system include:

• Air Conditioner

• Compressor

• Condenser

• Thermal Expansion Valve

• Air Handler (including Evaporator Coil and Blower)

Terminal Units

• Chiller

• Duct System

19 | P a g e
4.3.1 Air Conditioner

The air conditioner in a commercial HVAC system is very similar

to a residential unit. Its purpose is to dehumidify the air and remove

heat. It is important to remember that the air conditioner itself does not

cool the building, but works with many other subsystems to regulate

the temperature.

20 | P a g e
4.3.2 Compressor

A compressor, like a Carrier/Carlyle 06ET275360, is the key to

the cooling cycle and kicks off the main “loop” that enables you to

manage temperatures. It compresses the refrigerant, raising its

temperature. The refrigerant is then passed on to the condenser, where

the cooling process can start in earnest.

4.3.3 Condenser

The condenser is the heat exchanger that serves as the hot side of

the air conditioning unit. It removes heat from the building and

transfers it to the exterior. Gas refrigerant then becomes liquid

refrigerant. A heat pump can also have a condenser, in which case it

functions to collect heat from the outside.

4.3.4 Thermal Expansion Valve

The expansion valve is an essential part of the condenser’s

function. It removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant so expansion

can take place, turning the substance from a liquid into a vapor. The

expansion valve provides for precise flow control of refrigerant into the

evaporator coil. High-pressure liquid refrigerant is very warm at the

time it first enters the expansion valve, so a precision valve improves

21 | P a g e
overall system efficiency. The thermal expansion valve can be on either

the inside or the outside of the air handler, screwed in front of the

evaporator coil or brazed into the copper lines that link up to the air

handler.

4.3.5 Air Handler (including Evaporator Coil and Blower)

The air handler is the component responsible for circulating air

through the system. In most structures, it is connected directly to the

ductwork. It blows cooled or heated air into the building and then

returns it back into the system. It includes a blower, heating and cooling

elements, and a variety of other devices. Of all the different parts of the

air handler, the evaporator coil is the one most likely to need

maintenance or replacement. The evaporator coil holds chilled

refrigerant received from the compressor. As air from the blower fan

moves over the coil, heat is removed from the air in the treated area.

4.3.6 Terminal Units

Terminal units consist of an air filter, coil, and blower. Size varies

significantly. The most common terminal units in a commercial HVAC

are the mid-sized rooftop units (RTUs) in contrast to the largest make-

22 | P a g e
up air units (MTUs). They can be used to control temperatures in a

single room.

4.3.7 Chiller

Chillers come in air-cooled and water-cooled varieties. Their

function is to remove heat from the liquid that courses through the

structure’s pipes. In an air-cooled chiller, the condenser coils are cooled

by fan-driven air, with the unit usually found outdoors. Systems that

sustain intense cooling for long periods of time are more likely to

use water-cooled chillers. These are chilled by water that undergoes a

constant recirculation process. As it circulates, warm water is carried

away and cool water enters from an exterior cooling tower.

4.3.8 Duct System

You probably won’t see the duct system itself referenced on a list

of HVAC parts in many articles. Ducts can be very old and may even

predate your current HVAC system. However, they should not be

overlooked as an essential part of system performance, as they

distribute air all throughout your building. For the rest of your HVAC

system to work, your ductwork must be clean and intact.

23 | P a g e
 In old buildings, narrow ducts that don’t conform to modern

HVAC standards can become clogged without notice. Cleaning the

ducts annually can help you extend the service life of other

components. Don’t forget to clean or replace filters according to the

manufacturer instructions for your filter type.

4.4 HVAC Systems Types

HVAC systems are classified in different types as follows

• Split system

• Hybrid heat pump

• Ductless mini-split

• Ducted mini-split

• Packaged system

24 | P a g e
 5. TRAINING SUMMARY

During my tenure as a Trainee Electrical Technician at the

Engineering Department of PN Dockyard, I had the privilege of

undergoing a comprehensive and enriching training experience. This

summary aims to provide an overview of the key aspects and

accomplishments during my training period. One of the major focuses

of my training was on Maintenance of electrical components in HVAC

system This hands-on experience allowed me to grasp the complexities

of electrical systems in a maritime environment and understand the

significance of adhering to safety standards and industry regulations.

Moreover, I gained expertise in conducting diagnostic tests,

troubleshooting electrical faults, and implementing effective repair and

maintenance strategies. The practical application of my theoretical

knowledge deepened my understanding of electrical systems and honed

my problem-solving abilities. I had the opportunity to work with

specialized tools, equipment, and technologies utilized in the dockyard,

further enhancing my technical proficiency. Furthermore, I had the

chance to work on real-world projects, contributing to the enhancement

25 | P a g e
of electrical systems within the dockyard. These projects required

meticulous planning, execution, and documentation, further

strengthening my project management skills and attention to detail. In

conclusion, my training has been an invaluable experience. It has

equipped me with a solid foundation in marine electrical engineering,

enhancing my technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and project

management competencies. I am grateful to the dockyard staff for their

guidance, support, and the opportunity to contribute to the efficient and

safe operation of naval vessels. Moving forward, I am confident that

the knowledge and skills acquired during this training period will serve

as a solid foundation for a successful career in electrical engineering,

particularly within the maritime industry.

26 | P a g e
 6. SKILLS & EXPERIENCE

During my industrial training at the PN Dockyard Electrical

Department, I had the opportunity to acquire a diverse range of skills

and invaluable experiences. This section highlights the key skills and

experiences gained during my training period

• Electrical System Safety.

• Electrical Troubleshooting and Maintenance

• Equipment Operation and Maintenance

• Safety Compliance and Regulations

• Collaboration and Teamwork

• Documentation and Reporting

• Project Management

• Communication and Interpersonal Skills

This hands-on experience allowed me to understand the

principles of electrical design and apply them effectively in real-world

scenarios.

27 | P a g e
 7. PROJECT / ASSIGNMENTS

Maintenance of electrical components in HVAC system

I was involved in the Maintenance of electrical components in HVAC

system PN Dockyard. This project required me to collaborate with the

engineering team to determine lighting requirements, calculate load

capacities, select appropriate fixtures, and install the system according

to safety and maritime regulations.

HVAC System Upgrade I contributed to a project focused on

upgrading the HVAC System in a specific section of the PN dockyard.

This involved conducting a feasibility study, designing the new system,

coordinating with vendors for equipment procurement, and overseeing

the installation and commissioning process.

28 | P a g e
 8. HAND ON SKILLS ACQUIRED

During my training at the PN Dockyard Electrical Department

(HVAC), I acquired various hands-on skills, including HAVC

electrical system installation, equipment maintenance, diagnostic

testing, circuit design, control system programming, adherence to

safety protocols, equipment calibration and testing, instrumentation

and measurement, soldering and wiring techniques, and equipment

operation and control. These practical skills have equipped me with the

necessary knowledge and abilities to excel in electrical engineering

roles.

Although, I was attached with HVAC system for acquiring hand-

on skills but initially in introductory period, I was learned power

generation, distribution of power, control system and safety system of

electrical power. Also get some skills for installation, maintenance,

overhaling, troubleshooting and upgradation of electrical power

system.

29 | P a g e
 9. PROBLEM & CHALLENGES

During my industrial training, I learn there are problem occur in

system that will cause for system damage. Below mention some

problem and their causes.

• Electrical Component Failure:

Electrical components like motors, sensors, or relays can fail,

causing machine malfunction.

• Wiring Issues:

Poor or damaged wiring can lead to connectivity problems or

short circuits.

• Sensor Calibration Problems:

Incorrectly calibrated sensors can lead to inaccuracies in

winding or tension control.

• Power Fluctuations and Surges:

Unstable power supply can damage electronic components.

30 | P a g e
 10. PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH

The industrial training also enhances my problem-solving approach

• Electrical Component Failure: Implement a regular preventive

maintenance schedule to monitor and replace components

nearing their end of life. Maintain an inventory of critical spare

parts for quick replacements.

• Wiring Issues: Routinely inspect wiring for wear and tear. Use

color-coded wiring and proper cable management techniques.

Invest in cable protectors to prevent damage.

• Sensor Calibration Problems: Follow manufacturer guidelines

for sensor calibration. Establish a calibration schedule and ensure

technicians are trained in proper calibration.

• Power Fluctuations and Surges: Install surge protectors and

voltage stabilizers. Consider using uninterruptible power supplies

(UPS) to provide a stable power source during fluctuations.

31 | P a g e
 11. SUGGESTIONS FOR ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY

11.1 Predictive Maintenance Integration

Utilize advanced sensor technologies and data analysis to

implement predictive maintenance strategies. By monitoring

equipment performance in real-time and analyzing data trends,

potential issues can be identified before they escalate, resulting in

reduced unplanned downtime and optimized maintenance scheduling.

11.2 Continuous Condition Monitoring

Establish a comprehensive condition monitoring system that

tracks critical parameters of industrial machinery. This proactive

approach enables early detection of deviations from normal operating

conditions, allowing maintenance teams to intervene before problems

lead to extensive breakdowns.

11.3 Ongoing Training Initiatives

Roll out regular training programs for maintenance personnel to

ensure they are equipped with up-to-date electrical troubleshooting

skills and techniques. Well-trained staff can diagnose issues more

efficiently, minimizing production disruptions and maximizing

32 | P a g e
equipment uptime.

11.4 Efficient Spare Parts Management

Develop a well-organized spare parts management strategy.

Having readily available spare parts on-site reduces the time needed for

repairs and replacements, minimizing production losses due to

equipment downtime.

11.5 In-depth Root Cause Analysis

Implement a comprehensive root cause analysis process for

equipment failures. This involves thorough investigations into the

underlying factors contributing to breakdowns, enabling targeted

solutions that prevent recurrence.

11.6 Clear SOP Development

Create clear and detailed Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

for troubleshooting common electrical problems. These documented

steps ensure a systematic approach to resolving issues, reducing

diagnosis time and facilitating consistent repairs.

11.7 Accurate Documentation Practices

Maintain meticulous records of maintenance activities and

33 | P a g e
equipment performance. Analyzing historical data helps in identifying

recurring patterns, making informed decisions, and implementing

proactive measures to prevent future problems.

11.8 Exploration of Remote Monitoring Solutions

Investigate the feasibility of implementing remote monitoring

solutions. This technology allows for real-time monitoring of

equipment health and status from a distance, enabling faster response

times and remote diagnostics.

11.9 Energy Efficiency Assessment

Identify areas where energy efficiency can be improved within

machinery and systems. Implementing energy-saving measures not

only reduces operational costs but also aligns with sustainability goals.

11.10 Cross-Functional Collaboration

Foster a culture of collaboration among maintenance, production,

and engineering teams. Encouraging open communication and shared

insights leads to innovative problem-solving, streamlined processes,

and better overall equipment performance.

34 | P a g e
 12. QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

12.1 ISO Standards

Adopt international standards such as ISO 9001 (Quality

Management Systems) or ISO 14001 (Environmental Management

Systems) as part of their QMS.

12.2 Document Control System

To manage and control documents, procedures, and work

instructions to ensure that the most up-to-date and accurate information

is used.

12.3 Supplier Management System

For assessing, qualifying, and monitoring suppliers to ensure they

meet quality standards.

12.4 Non-Conformance Management System

To track and manage incidents where products, services, or

processes don't meet specified requirements.

12.5 Corrective and Preventive Action System (CAPA)

This system helps identify the root causes of problems and

implements actions to prevent them from recurring.

35 | P a g e
12.6 Employee Training and Competency Management

To ensure that employees are trained and qualified to perform

their tasks to maintain quality.

12.7 Change Management System

To manage changes to processes, procedures, or products to

ensure they are well-controlled and do not negatively impact quality.

12.8 Audit Management System

To plan, conduct, and manage internal and external audits to

assess compliance with standards and regulations.

12.9 Risk Management System

To identify and manage potential risks that could affect product

quality, safety, or compliance.

12.10 Customer Feedback and Complaints System

To gather and address customer feedback and complaints, leading

to product and service improvements

36 | P a g e
 13. SAFETY FEATURES AT WORKPLACE

13.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

I was required to wear PPE, such as safety glasses, gloves, and

hard hats, while working with machinery and electrical equipment.

13.2 Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) Procedures

LOTO procedures were used to ensure that machinery and

electrical equipment were isolated from energy sources before

maintenance or repair work was performed. I was trained on the

proper LOTO procedures and was required to follow them strictly.

13.3 Electrical Safety

Electrical safety was emphasized during the training, and I was

trained on the proper handling of electrical equipment and how to

avoid electrical hazards. The trainee was also trained on the use of

insulation, grounding, and proper wiring techniques.

13.4 Machine Guards

Machine guards were installed on machinery to prevent

accidental contact with moving parts. I was required to inspect the

guards before operating the machinery and to report any damaged or

37 | P a g e
missing guards to the supervisor.

13.5 Safety Signage

The workplace was equipped with safety signage to remind

employees of potential hazards and to indicate the location of

emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers and first aid kits.

13.6 Emergency Response

I was trained on emergency response procedures, such as

evacuations and first aid, and the location of emergency equipment in

case of an accident.

38 | P a g e
 13. CONCLUSION

The industrial training program provided a valuable opportunity

to gain practical experience and develop critical skills in electrical

engineering. Throughout the training program, the trainee was exposed

to various electrical faults, preventive and annual maintenance, and

fault resolution techniques used in an industrial setting.

I was able to develop a comprehensive understanding of the electrical

systems and machinery used in the industry and was able to identify

and resolve electrical faults promptly, minimizing downtime and

production losses. The training program also emphasized the

importance of safety at the workplace, and i was introduced to several

safety features and procedures that helped to minimize the risk of

accidents and injuries in the workplace.

Overall, the industrial training program provided with a valuable

opportunity to develop practical skills and gain hands-on experience in

the field of electrical engineering. I was able to apply the knowledge

gained in the classroom to real-world situations, and the training

program helped to prepare the trainee for a successful career in the

electrical engineering field

39 | P a g e
 12.REFERENCES

• Books

Smith, J. A. (2019). Electrical Maintenance and Troubleshooting

in Industrial Equipment. XYZ Publishing.

• Online Articles

Johnson, M. (2022). Best Practices for Enhancing Productivity

in Industrial Equipment Maintenance. Industrial Insights.

https://www.industrialinsights.com/best-practices-enhancing-

productivity

• Websites

OpenAI. (2021). ChatGPT: Large-Scale Language Model.

https://beta.openai.com

• Technical Reports or Manuals

Industrial Equipment Corporation. (2020). Maintenance Manual

for Yarn Winding Machinery. Industrial Maintenance Services.

THE END

40 | P a g e
NAZEER HUSSAIN UNIVERSITY
ST-2, Block 04, Federal ‘B’ Area, Karachi 75950
http://www.nhu.edu.pk

41 | P a g e