Guidelines in Writing the Chapter 4 and 5 for ETEEAP and Undergrad

With Pointers to Remember in Writing the COMPLETE MANUSCRIPT

PREPARED BY: DSVillamin

Parts of the COMPLETE MANUSCRIPT:

- Title Page
- Approval Sheet
- Table of Contents
- List of Figures and Tables
- Acknowledgments
- Parts:
1. Platform/s Thematic Areas
2. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
3. *Abstract
4. **Background
a. **Rationale of the Research
b. **Purpose of the Research
c. **Theoretical Framework
d. **Literature Survey
e. **Significance of the Research
f. **Statement of Desired Outcomes
g. ***Target Beneficiaries of Research Results
h. **Definition of Terms
i. **Scope and Limitations of the Study
5. **Description of Method or Approach
a. **Research Design/Research Instrument/Data Gathering Procedures
b. **Respondents/Units of analysis/Subjects of the Study
c. **Sampling Design and Procedures
d. **Research Locale/Study Site
e. **Assumptions or Hypothesis
f. **Data Analysis Plan
g. **Research Paradigm/Conceptual Framework
6. Results and Discussion
7. Conclusions
8. Recommendations
9. References
10. Major Final Output
- Appendices
a. **Curriculum Vitae of the Researcher
b. **Research Instruments
c. Informed Consent Form
d. Transmittal Letters
e. Rating Sheets
f. Certificate of Originality

LEGEND:
*You have made an ABSTRACT for your proposal, but you will write another ABSTRACT for your full
manuscript. It must be 250 words ONLY, written in past tense, containing the following:
1. Summarized purpose of the study (paragraph form, not numbered)
 2. Summarized description of method
3. Summarized results, conclusions, and recommendations
**You have accomplished them already
***Add the “Target Beneficiaries of Research Results” because this was not added in your proposal.
IN BOLD: You don’t have these yet because these are not yet part of your proposal. These should be
added in your COMPLETE MANUSCRIPT.

POINTERS:
1. Since this is already a completed study, the following should be in past tense:
- Abstract
- Description of method or approach
2. Observe the following styles:
a. Margins (TOP-1”, BOTTOM-0.75”, LEFT-1.2”, RIGHT-1”)
b. ARIAL, 12 FONT, ALIGN LEFT
c. Spacing: 2.00 (also, go to PAGE LAYOUT, the spacing should all be zero (0))
d. The title of the figure should be written at the top of the figure
Figure 1
Conceptual Framework of the Study
e. The title of the table should be written at the top of the table as well
Sample:
Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents According to Demographic Profile
3. Observe the proper in-text citation and REFERENCES. Refer to the APA 7 th edition format that I sent in
our Teams Class Materials.

HOW TO WRITE THE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

NOTE:
- Should be presented coherent with the specific objectives (purpose) of the study
- Each sub-section may be best sequenced as:
a. Introductory statements about the sub-section
b. Tabular presentation of data
c. Discussion of:
I- Data trends
II- Insights from the findings (include literature citation)
III- Implications of the findings (include literature citation)
Sample/Details:

6. Results and Discussion

Write Introductory statements about the sub-section

Part I. Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

Table 1

Distribution of the Respondents According to Profile

Profile Details Frequency Percentage

Age 20 years old below 0 0%
21 – 30 years old 13 26%
31 – 40 years old 21 42%
41 to 50 years old 13 26%
51 to 60 years old 3 6%
61 years old above 0 0%
Total 50 100%
Profile Details Frequency Percentage
Sex Male 5 10%
Female 45 90%
Total 50 100%
Profile Details Frequency Percentage
Civil Status Single 9 18%
Married 38 76%
Widow/Widower 3 6%
Total 50 100%
Profile Details Frequency Percentage
Highest Educational Attainment Bachelor’s Degree 13 26%
Bachelor’s Degree 34 68%
with units in
Masteral
Master’s Degree 3 6%
Master’s Degree 0 0%
with Doctoral Units
Doctoral Degree 0 0%
Total 50 100%
Profile Details Frequency Percentage
Length of Service 10 years below 22 44%
11 – 20 years 15 30%
21 – 30 years 10 20%
31 years above 3 6%
Total 50 100%
- Begin the discussion after the table.
- Round off results since the data is about persons not objects that can be divided.
- Start with “Table 1 presents the demographic profile of the respondents.”
- Continue with “Table 1 reveals/shows etc. that in terms of age, 31-40 got the highest percentage of
42% with the frequency of 21 while etc.… until you discussed all the profiles in the table. Include the
rank.
- Explain the trends of data (explain the top 3 and the bottom 3, not all the data)
- Explain what the data means.
- Then, for each profile, like age etc.…, interpret/analyze the data using insights from your literature
survey (Ex. Cruz (2017) asserts that ages 20-40 and so on)
- Don’t stop the discussion until you have explained all the literatures and things you need to explain.
- Then, proceed to Part II.
- TIP: Don’t use the same phrases in your discussion. Be creative.
 Part II. Factors that Hinder Students’ Performance in English as Perceived by

the Student Journalists and English Teachers.

Table 2

Distribution of Responses According to the Factors that Hinder Students’

Performance in English as Perceived by the Student Journalists and English

Teachers

Verbal
Statements WM Interpretatio Rank
n

3. Teachers need to start teaching the basics in English 4.0 Strongly 1

for students to understand. Agree
5. Students use unnecessary words in writing activities. 3.1 Agree 2
1. Students cannot easily understand the discussion in 3.0 Agree 3.5
English.
Students have a hard time in communicating in English. 3.0 Agree 3.5
Teaching English is difficult because of the lack of 2.9 Agree 5
resources in teaching the language.
Students do not know how to use correct the grammar in 2.8 Agree 6
English.
Students do not know the basic rules of grammar. 2.6 Agree 7

Students prefer to write than to speak using English. 2.2 Disagree 8

Students do not prefer to use the mother tongue in class 2.0 Disagree 9.5
discussions than English.
Students participate well in writing activities in English. 2.0 Disagree 9.5
Over-all Weighted Mean 2.56 Agree

Legend:3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree (SA) WM – Weighted Mean

2.51 – 3. 25 Agree (A)
1.76 – 2.50 Disagree (D)
1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree (SD)

- Begin the discussion after the table.

- Start with “Table 2 presents the factors that…”
- Continue with “Table 2 reveals/shows etc. that Statement 2 “Teachers need to start teaching the
basics in English for students to understand ” is ranked 1 with a weighted mean of 4.0 and a
 verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree” while etc.… until you discussed what you need to
discuss.
- Explain the trends of data (explain the top 3 and the bottom 3, not all the data)
- Explain what the data means.
- Then, interpret/analyze the data using insights from your literature survey (Ex. Cruz (2017) asserts
that etc.…)
- Don’t stop the discussion until you have explained all the literatures and things you need to explain.
- No need to provide the results in each frequency

- TIP: Don’t use the same phrases in your discussion. Be creative.

- In all tables, arrange WM from highest to lowest. Do not repeat what the table shows in the data
commentary. Instead, draw inferences, implications, etc. from the data and cross-reference the
findings of the study. Follow APA 7th ed. form and style in the table presentation.
- The mean should be in 2 decimal points (example: 3.46)
- Then, proceed to Part III, IV and so on until you have presented and discussed all the contents of your
questionnaire.
- For those who use interview questions and correlation, that will be presented in a separate table
with discussions also.

THIS PART IS ONLY FOR THOSE WHO HAVE CONDUCTED INTERVIEWS

Table 5

Coded Responses on the Practices Conducted in School

Question 1: What are the practices that you conducted in your school?

Responden Response Code

1 Sumasali ang mga bata sa mga Joining competitions

contest.

The students join in competitions.

 2

10

Your data commentaries here:

Table 6

Coded Responses on the Practices Conducted in School

Question 2: What are the practices that you conducted in your school?

Responden Response Code

1 Sumasali ang mga bata sa mga Joining competitions

contest.

The students join in competitions.

 2

10

Your data commentaries here:

THIS PART IS ONLY FOR THOSE WHO HAVE CORRELATION

Table 7

T-test of the Experimental Group Using Pre-Test and Post-Test Results

Class Interval Frequency (Pretest) Frequency (Posttest)

1-5 1 0
6-10 9 0
11-15 5 0
16-20 11 0
21-25 8 0
 26-30 4 4
31-35 2 23
36-40 0 13
TOTAL 40 40

GROUP/MEAN F- F- p-value Decision Impression

critical computed (Two-tailed)
Pretest=17.03 3.9635 192.9016 < 0.0001 Reject There is a
Posttest=34.30 Ho. significant
difference.

Legend:

Your data commentaries here:

WRITING THE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7. Conclusions
The conclusions relate directly to the research questions or objectives. They represent the
contribution to the knowledge. These are also generalizations or answers to your research problems
(purpose of the study).

HOW TO WRITE
- Write an Introductory statement. “The following are the conclusions…”
- Conclusions are numbered, not in paragraph form
- Conclusion #1 is your generalization to what is revealed in your Part I of the results. After you stated
what is revealed in this part, state what that implies. If you said that majority of your respondents are
females, what does this imply or mean to your study.
- Conclusions should not look like a summary of findings.
- Conclusion #2 is related to the Part 2 of your results. Just present the top answers and tell your
conclusions from that.
- Conclusion #1 is your answer to Part 1. Conclusion #2 is your answer to Part 2. Conclusion #3 is your
answer to Part 3. And so on…
- Proceed to conclusion 3 and 4 and so on
- The number of conclusions depend on the number of the parts of your questionnaire.
- If there are 5 parts of the questionnaire, that means there are 5 conclusions.

8. Recommendations
HOW TO WRITE
- Write an Introductory statement. Sample: The following are the recommendations…”
- Restate the main objective of the study and the importance of the findings in filling the important
gaps in literature
- Recommendations are numbered, not in paragraph form
- Recommendations are RELATED to your conclusions
- That means if there are 5 conclusions, there must be 5 recommendations
- Recommendation #1 is related to conclusion #1 and so on…
- Your recommendations must be directly addressed to individuals or stakeholders. Example: The
teachers should attend seminars and so on
- Your last recommendation should include the future research direction of your study.

You may now proceed to

9. References (follow the APA format 7th edition strictly, look for samples if you are confused.)
10. Major Final Output (The output should be a concrete product of your study like: syllabus, capability
building seminar program, action plan, module, materials, etc. )
- Appendices
a. **Curriculum Vitae of the Researcher (update your data and information. Use the new format that I
sent in MS TEAMS CLASS MATERIALS)
b. **Research Instruments (just put the revised questionnaire and not a questionnaire with the TALLY of
your respondents’ answers)
c. Informed Consent Form
d. Transmittal Letters (letters to the validators with signature and principal with signatures)
e. Rating Sheets
f. Certificate of Originality (This will be blank since this is a scanned document. But please retain the
title)

I will also send a copy of the full manuscript. Just follow everything please. Don’t add something if
not needed. Don’t change the header. Just supply what is asked from you.

GOD BLESS AND HAPPY WRITING! KEEP SAFE EVERYONE!

-SIR DEX 