1. ECF is primarily composed of: 4.

To balance water output, an average adult must have daily fluid

intake of approximately:
A. Aqueous fluid and lymphatic fluid.
B. CSF and interstitial fluid. A. 500-900 ml.
C. Interstitial and intravascular fluids. B. 1,000-2,000 ml.
D. Vascular fluid and CSF. C. 2,000-3,000 ml.
D. 4,000-6,000 ml.
2. A chemical set up to resist changes, particularly in the level of
pH, is: 5. The primary organs involved in pH regulation are:

A. A base. A. Kidneys and lungs.

B. A buffer. B. Heart and intestines.
C. A salt. C. Lung and endocrine glands.
D. An acid. D. Skin and kidneys

3. Water moves across a semipermeable membrane via which 6. A clinical manifestation not found in hypokalemia is:
process?
A. Muscle weakness
A. Active transport. B. Oliguria
B. Diffusion. C. Postural hypotension
C. Filtration. D. Bradycardia
D. Osmosis.
7. The nurse should expect that a patient with mild fluid volume 10. The most characteristic manifestation of hypocalcemia
excess would be prescribed a diuretic that blocks sodium and hypomagnesemia is:
reabsorption in the distal tubule, such as:
A. Anorexia and nausea.
A. Bumex B. Constipation
B. Demadex C. Lack of coordination
C. HydroDIURIL D. Tetany
D. Lasix
Answers and Rationale
8. Nursing intervention for a patient with a diagnosis of
hyponatremia includes all of the following except: 1. Answer: C. Interstitial and intravascular fluids.

A. Assessing for symptoms of nausea and malaise.  C: The extracellular fluid is primarily composed of interstitial
B. Encouraging the intake of low-sodium liquids such as coffee or tea. and intravascular fluids.
C. Monitoring neurologic status  A: Aqueous fluid and lymphatic fluid is not a part of the ECF.
D. Restricting tap water intake.  B: CSF is not a part of ECF while interstitial fluid is.
 D: Vascular fluid and CSF is not a part of the ECF.
9. To supplement a diet with foods rich in potassium, the nurse 2. Answer: B. A buffer.
should recommend the addition of:
 B: A buffer is a chemical system set up to resist changes,
A. Fruits such as bananas and apricots particularly in hydrogen ion levels.
B. Green leafy vegetables  A: A base or alkali is a compound that contains the hydroxyl
C. Milk and yogurt ion.
D. Nuts and legumes  C: A salt is a combination of a base and an acid and is created
when the positive ions of a base replace the positive hydrogen
ions of an acid.
  D: An acid is one type of compound that contains the hydrogen
ion.
3. Answer: D. Osmosis.
 D: Osmosis is the diffusion of a pure solvent, such as water,
across a semipermeable membrane in response to a
concentration gradient in situations where the molecules of a
higher concentration are non diffusible.
 A: Active transport mechanisms require specific enzymes and
energy expenditure in the form of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
 B: Diffusion, or the process of “being widely spread”, is the
random movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
 C: Filtration is the transport of water and dissolved materials
concentration already exists in the cell.
4. Answer: C. 2,000-3,000 ml.
 C: An adult human at rest takes appropriately 2, 500 ml of
fluid daily.
 A: 500-900 ml is inadequate fluid intake.
 B: 1,000-2,000 ml is inadequate fluid intake.
 D: 4,000-6,000 ml is inadequate fluid intake.
5. Answer: A. Kidneys and lungs.
 A: The kidneys and lungs are the primary organs involved in
pH regulation.
 B: The heart and the intestines are not involved in pH
regulation.
 C: The lung and endocrine glands are not involved in pH
regulation.
 D: The skin and kidneys are not involved in pH regulation.
6. Answer: B. Oliguria
 B: Polyuria is present in hypokalemia instead of oliguria.
 A: Muscle weakness is a clinical manifestation of
hypokalemia.
 C: Postural hypotension a clinical manifestation of
hypokalemia.
 D: Bradycardia a clinical manifestation of hypokalemia
7. Answer: D. Lasix
 D: Lasix is a diuretic commonly prescribed for patients with
mild fluid volume excess.
 A: Bumex is not recommended for patients with mild fluid
volume excess.
 B: Demadex is not recommended for patients with mild fluid
volume excess.
  C: HydroDIURIL is not the diuretic that blocks sodium  B: Constipation is not a manifestation of hypocalcemia or
reabsorption in the distal tubule. hypomagnesemia.
8. Answer: B. Encouraging the intake of low-sodium liquids such  C: Lack of coordination is not a manifestation of hypocalcemia
as coffee or tea. or hypomagnesemia.

 B: The nurse should encourage intake of high-sodium liquids

to correct hyponatremia.
 A: The nurse must assess for nausea and malaise because these
are clinical manifestations of hyponatremia.
 C: Neurologic status should be monitored to avoid neurologic
complications.
 D: Tap water intake should be restricted for patients with
hyponatremia.

9. Answer: A. Fruits such as bananas and apricots

 A: Bananas and apricots are rich in potassium.

 B: Green leafy vegetables are rich in iron.
 C: Milk and yogurt are rich in calcium.
 D: Nuts and legumes are rich in protein.
10. Answer: D. Tetany

 D: Decreased levels of calcium and magnesium leads to tetany.

 A: Anorexia is a manifestation of hypomagnesemia while
nausea is a sign of hypercalcemia.