Epidemiology

the STUDY of the

DISTRIBUTION and DETERMINANTS of
HEALTH-RELATED STATES OR EVENTS in
SPECIFIED POPULATIONS and the
APPLICATION of this study to control of health problems
the STUDY of the
DISTRIBUTION and DETERMINANTS of
HEALTH-RELATED STATES OR EVENTS in
SPECIFIED POPULATIONS and the
APPLICATION of this study to control of health problems
STUDY
STUDY
Epidemiology is data-driven and relies on a
systematic and unbiased approach to the
collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.
STUDY
Epidemiology is data-driven and relies on a
systematic and unbiased approach to the
collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.

Epidemiology is a method of causal reasoning

based on developing and testing hypotheses
grounded in scientific fields to explain health-
related behaviors, states, and events.
STUDY
Epidemiology is data-driven and relies on a
systematic and unbiased approach to the
collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.

Epidemiology is a method of causal reasoning

based on developing and testing hypotheses
grounded in scientific fields to explain health-
related behaviors, states, and events.
Epidemiology is not just a research activity but an
integral component of public health, providing the
foundation for directing practical and appropriate
public health action based on this science and
causal reasoning.
STUDY
Epidemiology is data-driven and relies on a
systematic and unbiased approach to the
collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.

Epidemiology is a method of causal reasoning

based on developing and testing hypotheses
grounded in scientific fields to explain health-
related behaviors, states, and events.
Epidemiology is not just a research activity but an
integral component of public health, providing the
foundation for directing practical and appropriate
public health action based on this science and
causal reasoning.
DISTRIBUTION

Frequency: proportion, rate

Pattern: time, place and person

DISTRIBUTION

Frequency: proportion, rate

Pattern: time, place and person

DETERMINENTS
DETERMINENTS
DETERMINENTS
Health Related States or Events
Health Related States or Events
SPECIFIED POPULATION
SPECIFIED POPULATION
APPLICATION
APPLICATION
Objectives of Epidemiology
First, to identify the etiology or cause of a disease and the relevant risk factors

Second, to determine the extent of disease found in the community.

Third, to study the natural history and prognosis of disease.

Fourth, to evaluate both existing and newly developed preventive and

therapeutic measures and modes of health care delivery
Fifth, to provide the foundation for developing public policy relating to
environmental problems, genetic issues, and other considerations regarding
disease prevention and health promotion.
 CHANGING PATTERNS OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH PROBLEMS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
AND
PREVENTION
Ignáz Semmelweis
and Childbed Fever
Edward Jenner
and Smallpox
The term “vaccination” is
derived from vacca,
the Latin word for “cow.”
In 1980, the WHO certified that
smallpox had been eradicated.

The smallpox eradication program,4

directed at the time by Dr. D. A.
Henderson, is one of the greatest
disease prevention achievements in
human history.

The WHO estimated that 350

million new cases had been
prevented over a 20-year period.
John Snow and Cholera
WHEN THE FREQUENCY OF A DISEASE
DECLINES,
WHO DESERVES THE CREDIT?
Thank you …