A

PROJECT REPORT
on
“International Business Etiquette and
Manners”
Submitted to
Savitribai Phule Pune University

In the partial fulfilment of the requirements

the degree of
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)

By
Harsh Sachin Hirve
Seat No.- 232136

Under the guidance of

Prof. Paurnima Sanadi
Through,
Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Commerce
Erandwane, Pune
2023-2024
 SINHGAD TECHNICAL EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

SMT. KASHIBAI NAVALE COLLEGE

COMMERCE
(Affiliated to University of pune and Recognized by Gov. of Maharashtra)
19/15 Erandwane Smt. Khilare Marg. Off Karve Road Pune 411004

Date:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr “Harsh Sachin Hirve” who is bonafide student of Smt. Kashibai
Navale College of Commerce, Erandwane, Pune has successfully completed his project report
on “International Business Etiquette and Manners” in partial fulfilment of Bachelor of
Business Administration (BBA) 2023-24.

It has been found to be satisfactory & hereby approved for the submission.

Prof. Paurnima Sanadi Prof. Paurnima Sanadi

(Project Guide) (Head of Department)

Dr. S.V Deshpande

(Principal)
 DECLARATION

I, Mr, Harsh Sachin Hirve, hereby declare that this project is a record of authentic work

carried out by me during the academic year 2023-2024 and has not been submitted to any

other University or Institute towards the award of any degree.

Name of Student: Harsh Sachin Hirve

Roll No. - 232136

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am deeply indebted to many people for the successful completion of this project. I would
like to take this opportunity and go on record to thank them for their help and support.
I am thankful to the Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Commerce, Erandwane for all the
support provided for this project.
I would also like to express my deep sense of gratitude and sincere feelings of obligation
to Prof. Paurnima Sanadi who helped me in overcoming many difficulties and who
imparted me the necessary conceptual knowledge.
I wish to thank all my teachers and friends too, for their helpful inputs, insightful
comments, steadfast love and support .

Name of Student: Harsh Sachin Hirve

Roll No. – 232136
 2

INDEX

SR no. Contents Pg no.

Introduction 1-2
1
Meaning 2
2
Importance of international business etiquette 3
3
Tips on improving international business etiquette 3-4
4
Types of business etiquette in different countries 5-7
5
Improving business etiquette 7-14
6
 International Business Etiquette & Manners

Introduction

Navigating international business requires more than just knowledge of trade

and economics. In today's interconnected world, respecting varied cultures and
understanding international business etiquette is crucial to successful cross-
border relations. However, international business etiquette is about more than
just proper conduct, hand gestures, and communication guidelines. It involves
building strong professional relationships and creating a comfortable and safe
environment for everyone.

Especially when expanding your business overseas, you must be familiar with
international business etiquette. Every nation and region have its customs and
protocols for social interactions. What is appropriate in your culture could not
be appropriate in another country's culture.
This article examines the various international etiquette by country that are
prevalent globally.

Meaning

International business etiquette refers to the set of culturally appropriate

behaviors, customs, and social norms guiding interactions and relationships
across different countries and cultures in a business context.

It is essential for professionals engaging in international business to understand

and respect these etiquettes to effectively communicate, negotiate, and build
successful partnerships with individuals from diverse backgrounds.

The goal of business etiquette is to foster positive interpersonal connections.

Etiquette is not about following laws and regulations but creating an atmosphere
where others feel secure and at ease, which may be done by improving
communication.
 Importance of International Business Etiquette

One of the most significant trends over the past ten years has been the increase
in globalization. As a result, cross-border trade has increased dramatically. The
ability to successfully conduct business worldwide depends on cross-cultural
understanding and intelligence.

Businesses that recognize the importance of teaching such etiquette, improving

communication skills, and promoting cultural acceptance have a competitive
advantage. In their absence, cultural differences might surface in everyday
encounters, like greeting, handshakes, table manners at business meals, body
language, spoken words, email, texts, and other face-to-face interactions.

Moreover, as employees directly reflect the company’s cultural and personal

values, it is important to establish a business ethics and international etiquette
policy that combines both values and behavioral guidelines. This will foster a
courteous, ethical atmosphere for internal and external stakeholders.

Tips on Improving International Business Etiquette

International business etiquette is essential for communication, building

stronger relationships with partners, and growing internationally. Here are some
international etiquette tips you should know.

Learn How to Use Names and Titles Correctly

Using names and titles correctly while greeting the people you meet can help
create a culture of recognition, respect, and consideration. Moreover, it is an
easy way to connect to their identity and make the most out of their attention as
you interact with them.
Until the other person advises using first names, stick to using titles in France,
Denmark, the United Kingdom, and many other nations. You can use their last
name followed by the title when meeting them.

In Germany, for example, only some people who conduct business use their first
names. Titles like "Herr/Frau Director" are occasionally used in Germany to
denote a person's stature, standing, and rank.

In Thailand, people use their first names to address one another and save their
last names for official situations and written correspondence.

In Belgium, refer to business contacts who speak French as "Monsieur" or

"Madame," but refer to those who speak Flemish as "Mr." or "Mrs."

First impressions only happen once, but they have the potential to be long-
lasting. Even something as basic as how you greet someone can make a big
difference, especially if you're from a different culture. This is why you should
stick to shaking hands and giving a warm, friendly smile when greeting
someone.

Consider the level of formality if you are in an English-speaking culture.

Compared to the "How are you?" that is typically more appropriate with
Americans and Australians, "How do you do?" is more formal and British.
Additionally, keep in mind that these utterances are more ritualistic than
questions. When asked, "How are you?" most people will respond with a short
"I'm fine. "How are you."

The physical distance at which individuals greet one another could differ in
different countries. People in Western nations typically stand around 1.5 meters
apart, so they may shake hands without moving forward. On the other hand, in
some Asian nations, the greeting distance is slightly wider (two meters) as they
bow down to greet. At the same time, the distance tends to be shorter in many
Arab countries. It’s important to understand these nuances.
 Types of Business Etiquette in Different Countries

For individuals going on business trips, preparation is crucial. Building

relationships with colleagues, conducting meetings, and exhibiting respect for
local culture can help businesses make the most of their travel.

The following sections provide a brief overview of business etiquette in Japan,

Germany, India, the USA, and the UK.

Business Etiquette in Japan

In Japan, greetings commonly involve bowing. However, handshakes are also
acceptable if initiated by a Japanese person. Punctuality is essential, and formal
attire, like a suit and tie, is expected. Senior members typically lead business
meetings, and seating arrangements often position individuals of similar ranks
opposite each other, preventing juniors from sitting across from seniors.

The exchange of business cards often follows a formal procedure, holding even
greater significance than in China. Moreover, constructive criticism should be
avoided in front of large groups. Sensitivity surrounds the word "no," it is
customary to respond affirmatively, even when disagreeing with meeting
discussions.
Business Etiquette in Germany
Punctuality is greatly esteemed in Germany; thus, arriving on time for business
meetings is essential. A structured approach, with direct and concise
communication, is preferred, and small talk and humor are generally omitted. It
is customary to address individuals by their titles, such as Mr. or Ms., even if
the relationship is close.

Besides, wearing your suit throughout the meeting is essential, as removing it

can be perceived as impolite. Additionally, upon entering a business meeting, it
is courteous to allow the oldest person to enter, adhering to established
etiquette.

Business Etiquette in India

In India, greetings often involve a handshake, preferably with the right hand. At
the same time, some also opt for the traditional gesture of folding hands and
saying "Namaste." Initially, gifting is anticipated once a rapport is established
with the client or business partner over several meetings. Like Japanese culture,
"no" is considered impolite in India. Instead of outright refusal, phrases like "we
will see" or "possibly" can be employed to convey reservations without using a
direct "no."

Business Etiquette in the USA

In the United States, punctuality is highly valued, reflecting respect for time and
money. When greeting clients, colleagues, or associates, a firm handshake is
customary, with a firmer handshake leaving a more favorable impression.
Addressing individuals by their titles and last names is the norm until invited to
use first names, a transition that often occurs swiftly.

Business meetings can occur during meals such as lunch, dinner, or breakfast.
This indicates that Americans do appreciate small talk before getting down to
business. Gifts to business partners may be viewed as potentially inappropriate,
so a simple thank-you card is a more suitable token of gratitude. Business cards
may carry a different significance than in other cultures; they might not be
exchanged during meetings or, if exchanged, might not receive immediate
attention.
Business Etiquette in the UK
For people working in the UK, time holds immense value. Hence, punctuality
and arriving on time are often considered a form of respect. Moreover, physical
gestures like hugging, kissing, and touching are typically reserved only for
family and close friends. This indicates that professionally related people must
respect personal space and have certain boundaries.

Improving business etiquette

Improving your business etiquette can have a positive impact on your career.
Remember to use common courtesy. Adopt the "you" attitude—consider others'
needs and feelings first. This behavior leads to good manners and common
courtesy, thereby improving your business etiquette.

Examples of courteous behavior include:

Using please and thank you as appropriate

Addressing others using Mr., Mrs., Miss, or Ms. unless otherwise requested
Speaking clearly and distinctly while using a pleasant tone of voice
Maintaining eye contact
Smiling and offering a firm handshake when meeting someone new
Writing thank-you notes and letters of appreciation, congratulation, and
condolence as appropriate

You can improve your business etiquette skills by:

Conducting some research. When at work, pay attention to the manners and
habits of your supervisor, mentor, senior management, and other key players. If
you are unsure about displaying proper etiquette, consider asking your
supervisor or mentor for advice.
Joining a professional organization. Aside from being a great way to network,
professional organizations give you an opportunity to gain insight into the
etiquette that's particular to your profession. Added benefits include practicing
your business etiquette skills outside of your organization.
Visiting your local bookstore or library. There have been numerous books
written on improving business etiquette. Check out the self-improvement
section of your local bookstore or library to find them.
Going online. Whether it's someone selling books, tapes, seminars, or offering
free advice, the Internet is filled with suggestions on how to improve your
business etiquette.

Electronic communication has complicated the rules of business etiquette. To

ensure you're doing your best to follow business etiquette when using electronic
communication, consider the following:

General phone etiquette

Consult your organization's rules for telephone use.
Answer as quickly as possible.
Speak clearly and distinctly, stating your name and the name of your
organization.
Use a pleasant but professional tone of voice.
Transfer calls to the correct personnel.
Take messages and deliver them promptly to the correct personnel. Return
messages as quickly as possible.
When recording an outgoing message, say, "Hello, you've reached (your name)
at (name of organization). I am either away from my desk or on the other line. If
you'll leave your name, phone number, and a brief message, I'll return your call
as soon as possible. Thank you. Goodbye".
audio icon Listen to an example of a professional-sounding voicemail message.

Cellphone etiquette
Consult your organization's rules for cellphone use.
Turn off your phone (or set it to vibrate) where ringing may disturb or offend
others. Never take a call in the middle of a business meeting.
Try to avoid taking calls in the middle of social meetings, such as working
lunches.
General email etiquette
Consult your organization's rules for email use.
Include a subject line.
Keep it brief.
Pay attention to grammar and spelling.
Use a pleasant tone.
Don't forward junk mail.
Email etiquette is especially important because your work email is not private—
many companies monitor their employees' work accounts for unprofessional
conduct. To learn more about email safety at work, check out our lesson, Email
Violations Can Jeopardize Your Job.

Unprofessional conduct
Failing to display proper business etiquette won't help your career, but engaging
in unprofessional conduct could result in losing a promotion or even your job.
Never engage in the following inappropriate behaviors:

Coming to work under the influence of drugs or alcohol

Engaging in unethical practices, such as misusing company funds
Engaging in sexual harassment
Showing a lack of respect to superiors, peers, or subordinates
Using foul language
Complaining publicly about your organization or supervisor
Engaging in divisive gossip
Violating confidentiality

Dress for the meeting in a manner that reflects the culture, and reflects your
client's expectations.

Determine in advance who you will be meeting with, their position in the
company, and who else might be meeting with you. Rehearse the meeting in
your mind, as you travel to your destination.

Establish clear objectives for your meeting in advance.

Communicate in a polite manner, with a positive attitude, using proper etiquette.

Understand the history and culture of the country you are visiting, and learn a
few phrases in their language. At a minimum, be able to use the words, "yes,"
"no," "please," "thank you," and "help." Clients will appreciate someone who
tries to speak their language, even if it is only a few phrases.
Understand how the residents of the country you are visiting speak to one
another, non-verbal signs they may use, and what style you should mirror.

The more you understand about the culture, and the more of their language you
can use, the deeper the relationship will be.

Greetings, Introductions, and Handshakes

Never seem insincere. The phrase, "How are you?" is taken as insincere in many
cultures, because they feel Americans do not truly want to hear the reply to the
question. "Hi," is taken in the same manner. A good standard greeting to use is,
"Hello, I am pleased to meet you."

When traveling, it is important that you accept whatever food or drink you are
offered; unlike in the United States, it may be seen as offensive if your do not
accept.

When making introductions, always stand and the person of highest rank should
initiate the handshake.

Many cultures have differences in the way they use titles and first or last names
when making introductions. Always ask locally what the appropriate usage is.
Concierges at hotels are often willing to give you guidance.

Maintain a good sense of humor, because you will make mistakes. Learn from
them and see the humor in the situation.

Negotiations

Be aware of nonverbal signals you may be sending through your body language.
Know your opponent's culture and history to be prepared for the negotiations.

During negotiations, always leave room to bargain.

Acknowledge when you do not understand, and vice versa. You want to ensure
future business.

Be patient and allow both sides time for decision making.

Handshake Customs

Procedures vary by country, but introductions are most often accompanied by a

handshake, real kiss, a bow, embrace, or air kiss -- depending on the culture.
Hugging is considered inappropriate in business introductions in the United
States, but is common in South America, the Middle East, and African
countries. The bow is most common in China and Japan.

Handshakes are acceptable when greeting in African cultures, such as Nigeria

and Kenya, and in some Middle Eastern countries. The bow is still more
common in Japan and China. Always use a firm, but not hard, handshake.

Exchanging Business Cards

Exchanging Business Cards is an important part of business interaction, so you

know a person's rank, title, and profession. An exchange of business cards is an
expected part of business introductions in most countries. Always use a good
quality card stock and you may want to have cards translated into your
customer's first language.

In most foreign countries, you should carefully review the information on the
card, and then nod indicating you have read the card and you understand the
information on the card. Always hand your card with the right hand to present
it.

Country-Specific Information

There are many similarities between countries -- but even more differences.
Let's review actions you should take for specific countries. The most common
interactions are the greeting, handshake, or bow, and the exchange of business
cards. We will review in alphabetical order.

Proper "business etiquette and manners" are a very key role in building
relationships in the workplace. In order to maintain healthy work relationships,
employees must be team players, this means having "transparency, [being]
caring and empathetic understanding." Also, using proper body language is
important in the workplace.

An employee presenting themselves in a manner that shows respect

demonstrates to those above them that they always maintain professionalism.
Something as simple as a handshake speaks volumes about a person. "Good
handshakes" have been found to be integral for maintaining professionalism and
demonstrating respect.

Guides emphasize to "grip the other person's hand firmly, shake three times, and
let go." Maintaining eye contact is a good skill to always remember as eye
contact shows interest in the person speaking. Being civil is also very crucial, so
as to avoid "negative workplace communication." One should avoid using foul
language, especially if it is a continuous problem. People should also be aware
of their health and be considerate of others, by not coming into work sick; this
can affect everyone else's health as well.

People shouldn't boast about their salaries, or on the contrary, complain all of
the time. Treating others, the way you would like to be treated in the workplace
includes respecting and encouraging your coworkers by doing things like and
congratulating them on milestones, a job well done or on a promotion.
 It is important to be aware of your very own actions. Getting into a heated
argument or even physical violence in the workplace is not only inappropriate,
but can result in getting fired as most workplaces have a "zero-tolerance" policy
on workplace violence of any kind.