A new way of removing carbon dioxide from a stream of air could provide a significant tool in

the battle against climate change. The new system can work on the gas at virtually any concentration
level, even down to the roughly 400 parts per million currently found in the atmosphere.

Most methods of removing carbon dioxide from a stream of gas require higher concentrations,
such as those found in the flue (1)____ from fossil fuel-based power plants. A few variations have been
developed that can work with the low concentrations found in air, but the new method is significantly
less energy-intensive and expensive, the researchers say.

The technique, based on passing air through a stack of charged electrochemical plates, is
described in a new paper in the journal Energy and Environmental Science, by MIT postdoc Sahag
Voskian, who developed the work during his PhD, and T. Alan Hatton, the Ralph Landau Professor of
Chemical Engineering.

The device is essentially a large, specialized battery that absorbs carbon dioxide from the air (or
other gas (2)____) passing over its electrodes as it is being charged up, and then releases the gas as it is
being discharged. In operation, the device would simply alternate between (3)____, with fresh air or
feed gas being blown through the system during the charging cycle, and then the pure, concentrated
carbon dioxide being blown out during the discharging. Source: sciencedaily

1. The option that best completes (1) is ….

A. Emissions
B. Suppressions
C. Withholdings
D. Concealments
E. Radiations
2. The option that best completes (2) is ….
A. Pump
B. Stream
C. Channel
D. Station
E. Tube
3. The option that best completes (3) is ….
A. oxygen and carbon dioxide absorption
B. air and gas release
C. liquid and gas release
D. pure and concentrated carbon dioxide
E. charging and discharging
4. The passage explains the idea that removing carbon dioxide ….
A. requires small concentrations
B. occurs when the device is not charging
C. uses a battery-based device
D. requires fossil-fuel
 E. is an ineffective way to fight climate change

Nobody will ever give you any grades for your level of self-discipline. There’s no finish line and
there’s no podium for the winners. The only purpose of building self-discipline is to conquer yourself—
your own urges, your own weaknesses, and your own self-sabotaging behaviors.

It’s easy to forget this fact and assume that when you reach your goals, you’re done. In fact, the
moment you make your dreams come true isn’t the most important moment. It’s important, no doubt,
but without the process leading to it, in itself it means little.

The most important moments are the moments of struggle, when you’re striving to fight even
when you can barely stand and the whole world is spinning around you. It’s this very act that proves
your mettle and showers you with life-encompassing benefits, not the act of winning in itself.

Whenever you find yourself frustrated that you’re still a long way from the finish line, remember
that it’s right now, at this very moment, that you’re collecting the biggest rewards. It’s the struggle in
itself that improves you and makes you a more successful person.

Meadows, Martin. 365 Days with Self-Discipline. 2017.

p.s. I know you’re all working hard. Pull out all the stops for your dream university

5. The author’s intention in writing the text is to ….

A. discourage people from reaching their goals
B. help people with frustration
C. advice people to calm down
D. motivate people on fighting well
E. encourage people to fight
6. The author suggests that ….
A. it is the process for reaching your dreams that matters the most
B. succeeding is the most important moment
C. people will judge your self-discipline
D. the earning process only means little
E. the moment of struggle is the act of winning
7. In which paragraph does the author discuss about taking small steps to progress?
1
2
3
4
None of the paragraphs
8. The word ‘mettle’ in Paragraph 3 has the similar meaning with …
A. Determination
B. Apathy
C. Wrath
 D. Timidity
E. Temper

The Moon has been worshipped by primitive people and has inspired humans to create
everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most
accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive
collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck
the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the
Earth.

The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon’s gravitational influence
upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect
upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the
Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven
distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed
the Earth’s gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance
from Earth of 384,403 km.

The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from
meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and
small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric
weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth’s surface
features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an
astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite
strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth’s. Therefore, a man weighing
82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon

The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the
Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike
either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C.
to –233 degrees C.

9. The word ‘debris’ in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ….

A. Rubbish
B. Satellites
C. Moons
D. Earth
E. Footprints
10. According to the passage, the Moon is ….
A. older than the Earth
B. protected by a dense atmosphere
C. composed of a few active volcanoes
 D. the primary cause of Earth’s ocean tides
E. smooth by surface
11. Why does the author mention “impact craters” in Paragraph 3?
A. to show the result of the Moon not having an atmosphere
B. to show the result of the Moon not having active tectonic or volcanic activity
C. to show the geographical features of the Moon
D. to explain why the Moon has no plant life because of meteorites
E. to explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric weathering
12. A person on the Moon would weigh less than on Earth because …
A. the Moon weighs less than the Earth
B. of the composition of lunar soil
C. the surface gravity of the Moon is less
D. the Moon has no atmosphere
E. the Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic activity

Music can bring us to tears or to our feet, drive us into battle or lull us to sleep. Music is indeed
remarkable in its power over all humankind, and perhaps for that very reason, no human culture on
earth has ever lived without it. From discoveries made in France and Slovenia even Neanderthal man, as
long as 53,000 years ago, had developed surprisingly sophisticated, sweet-sounding flutes carved from
animal bones. It is perhaps then, no accident that music should strike such a chord with the limbic
system – an ancient part of our brain, evolutionarily speaking, and one that we share with much of the
animal kingdom. Some researchers even propose that music came into this world long before the
human race ever did. For example, the fact that whale and human music have so much in common, even
though our evolutionary paths have not intersected for nearly 60 million years suggests that music may
predate humans. They assert that rather than being the inventors of music, we are latecomers to the
musical scene.

Humpback whale composers employ many of the same tricks that human songwriters do. In
addition to using similar rhythms, humpbacks keep musical phrases to a few seconds, creating themes
out of several phrases before singing the next one. Whale songs in general are no longer than symphony
movements, perhaps because they have a similar attention span. Even though they can sing over a range
of seven octaves, the whales typically sing in key, spreading adjacent notes no farther apart than a scale.
They mix percussive and pure tones in pretty much the same ratios as human composers–and follow
their ABA form, in which a theme is presented, elaborated on and then revisited in a slightly modified
form. Perhaps most amazing, humpback whale songs include repeating refrains that rhyme. It has been
suggested that whales might use rhymes for exactly the same reasons that we do: as devices to help
them remember. Whale songs can also be rather catchy. When a few humpbacks from the Indian Ocean
strayed into the Pacific, some of the whales they met there quickly changed their tunes – singing the
new whales’ songs within three short years. Some scientists are even tempted to speculate that a
universal music awaits discovery.
 13. The sentence “Humpback whale composers employ many of the same tricks that human
songwriters do.” in Paragraph 2 means ….
A. the tricks that humpback whales use are equal to the ones used by humans.
B. humpback whales arrange their music similarly as humans do.
C. humpback whale songs are contrasting human songs.
D. many tricks that humpback whales use are originally made by humans.
E. humans have taught humpback whales the tricks to compose a song.
14. The word “one” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced with ….
A. the chord
B. the left brain
C. the right brain
D. the music
E. the limbic system
15. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The earliest human beings came from France and Slovenia
B. Human beings are the inventors of music
C. Humpback whales imitate the way human composers do in creating their own music
D. The research of musical brain will lead to a discovery of a universal music
E. Music helped to develop the whale brain
16. According to the passage, which of the following is true about humpback whales?
A. Their tunes are distinctively different from human tunes.
B. Whale songs are longer than symphony movements.
C. They do not use rhyme, unlike humans.
D. They can sing over a range of seven octaves.
E. Whale songs of a particular group cannot be learned by other whales.

A new owl is the first endemic bird species discovered on the island of Lombok, Indonesia,
according to research published February 13 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by an international
team headed by George Sangster of the Swedish Museum of Natural History and colleagues from other
institutions.

The new species has long been confused with a more widespread Indonesian owl species
because of its similar plumage. However, in September 2003, two members of the team independently
discovered that the vocalizations of the owls on Lombok were unique and different from all other
Indonesian owls.

Because owls are mostly nocturnal, they use songs to communicate and recognize their own
species. Thus, when owls have consistently different vocalizations this is generally taken to mean that
they are different species. The new owl's song is a whistled note completely unlike that of other owls.
Locals on the island recognize the bird and refer to it as "burung pok," an onomatopoeic name reflecting
the song note of the bird, which sounds like "pok" or "poook," say the authors
 Based on their field work, comparisons to museum specimens and previous studies, the
researchers suggest that the new owl species is unique to this one island. When surveyed, locals on the
neighboring island of Sumbawa were unfamiliar with the bird. The researchers say, "With one exception,
none of the locals recognized the songs from playback of recordings made on Lombok except for one
man, but he was an immigrant from Lombok who knew the song only from Lombok and had never heard
it on Sumbawa."

The new species of owl is named Otus jolandae, after the wife of one of the researchers who co-
discovered the species in 2003. The authors suggest using the common name Rinjani Scops Owl, after
Gunung Rinjani, a volcano on Lombok that is the second highest volcano in Indonesia.

Source: Public Library of Science. "New owl species discovered in Indonesia is unique to one
island.". ScienceDaily, 13 February 2013.

17. Based on the text, Rinjani Scops Owls are considered a new species because ….
A. they were immigrants from Lombok
B. of their unique plumage
C. they are nocturnals
D. they were independently discovered
E. of the special sound they produce
18. The word ‘plumage’ in paragraph 2 can be replaced with ….
A. Tail
B. Feathers
C. Voice
D. Beak
E. Claw
19. The author writes the passage in … tone.
A. Objective
B. Satirical
C. Subjective
D. Ironical
E. Irreverent
20. Judging from the information provided in the text, which of the following statements is
accurate?
A. The new species of owl is named after the highest volcano in Indonesia.
B. Nobody had recognized the new owl’s song.
C. The researchers didn’t recognize the owl as a new species straightaway.
D. The new species of owl hasn’t been compared with specimens from museums.
E. There had been a discovery of endemic bird species on Lombok before Rinjani Scops Owl.
 According to a research abstract that will be presented at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the
Associated Professional Sleep Societies, students who consider themselves to be evening types (that is
someone who feels more alert and does their best work later in the day) have poorer sleep hygiene
scores than morning and intermediate types. Sleep hygiene is the group of behaviors linked to good
sleep and alertness. Examples include having a regular bedtime routine, a regular wake time, a regular
bedtime, and sleeping in a comfortable bed.

The researchers found that this poor sleep hygiene was related to poorer academic
performance and a decline in grade point average (GPA) during the transition from high school to
college.

Results indicate that evening types had significantly lower first year college GPA (2.84) than
morning and intermediate types (3.18). These evening-type students showed a greater decrease in their
GPA during the transition from high school to college than their peers; their grades dropped by .98 GPA
points, while others only dropped by .69 GPA points. These evening types also slept on average 41
minutes less than other students on school nights.

Lead author Jennifer Peszka, PhD, psychology department chair at Hendrix College in Conway,
Ark., said that many students experience deterioration in sleep hygiene during their transition from high
school to college.

The study was based on datba from 89 students (between 17 and 20 years old) preparing to
begin their freshman year and 34 of those students as they completed their freshman year at a liberal
arts college.

Authors of the study state educating high school and college students about the possible
negative effects of poor sleep ehaviors on academic performance may result in improvement in
academic performance, especially in adolescents who are at risk due to poor sleep hygiene and evening-
type status.

Source: ScienceDaily, 11 June 2009

21. A good title for the text is ….

A. Academic Benefits of Being An Early Bird
B. Being A Night Owl in High School is Linked with Lower College GPA
C. Average Performance of High School and College Students
D. Sleep Hygiene: A Study on High School Students
E. The Main Reason Behind Sleep Deprivation
22. The organizational pattern of the text can be described as ….
A. cause and effect
B. compare and contrast
C. proposition and support
 D. problem and solution
E. sequential order
23. The opposite word of ‘deterioration’ in Paragraph 4 is ….
A. Broadening
B. Aversion
C. Constriction
D. Decadency
E. Enhancement
24. According to the text, evening type students ….
a. tend to have lower GPA on their beginning of college life
b. sleep much more often than the morning types
c. have a higher risk of developing diabetes
d. have greater GPA during the transition from high school to college than their peers
e. are likely to faint at night

Passage 1

There are several kinds of stories, but only one difficult kind—the humorous. The humorous
story is American; the comic story, English; the witty story, French, The humorous story depends for its
effect upon the manner of the telling; the comic story and the witty story upon the matter. The
humorous story may be spun out to great length, and may wander around as much as it pleases, and
arrive nowhere in particular; but the comic and witty stories must be brief and end with a point. The
humorous story bubbles gently along; the others burst.

Passage 2

American humor, neither transfiguringly lucid and appropriate like the French nor sharp and
sensible like the Scotch, is simply the humor of imagination. It consists in piling towers on towers and
mountains on mountains; of heaping a joke up to the stars and extending it to the end of the world.
With this distinctively American humor Bret Harte had little or nothing in common. The wild, sky-
breaking humor of America has its fine qualities, but it must in the nature of things be deficient in two
qualities, not only supremely important to life and letters, but also supremely important to humor—
reverence and sympathy. And these two qualities were knit into the closest texture of Bret Harte’s
humor.

25. Which generalization about American humor is supported by both passages?

A. It is witty and to the point.
B. It demonstrates greater sophistication than French humor.
C. It depends on a lengthy buildup.
D. It is by definition self-contradictory.
E. It depends on the subject matter for its effect.
26. The author of Passage 1 would most likely respond to the next-to-last sentence of Passage 2 by
….
 A. denying that American humor is deficient in any significant way
B. apologizing for the lack of reverence in the American humorous story
C. noting that Bret Harte was not a particularly sympathetic writer
D. arguing that little is actually known about the nature of humor
E. agreeing with the author’s assessment of the situation

The Florida panther, known for its distinctive characteristics, including a kinked tail and cowlicks,
is nearing extinction with the help of scientists and government officials. Though once abundant in
Florida, by the end of the twentieth century, only approximately 30 Florida panthers remained. Efforts
to preserve the panthers had focused on shielding them from human encroachment with the hope that
they could develop sustainable numbers to survive as a species. However, pressure from development
caused officials to grow impatient and shift their strategy and goals.

In 1995, new breeds of female panthers were brought to Florida from Texas to bolster the
population. The change has been dramatic. In 1990, 88% of the panthers in Florida had the distinct
kinked tail. By 2000, five years after the introduction of the Texas panthers, not a single kitten born to
the Texas females had a kinked tail. The breed known as the Florida panther is now on an expedited,
ineluctable road to extinction—with the assistance of wildlife protection agencies.

If the goal was to have any kind of panther in Florida, it has been realized. Since the
introduction of the Texas panthers, the panther population in Florida has risen to approximately 80
mixed-breed panthers. However, this “success” could portend a tragic trend in wildlife management in
the United States. We cannot and should not create genetically mixed species as a means of achieving a
compromise between the needs of development and a species’ survival. This type of species tampering
is a perversion of the ideal of wildlife management and will irrevocably transform our national
landscape.

27. The primary goal of this passage is to ….

A. demonstrate the fragility of an endangered species
B. demonstrate the importance of effective wildlife management
C. argue that mixing species to ensure a species’ survival is wrong
D. demonstrate the effectiveness of mixing species
E. limit development in areas with endangered species
28. The author supports the central idea of this passage primarily by ….
A. contrasting the Florida panther with the Texas panther
B. showing how interbreeding has destroyed the Florida panther species
C. attacking government wildlife protection policies
D. showing how human encroachment has depleted Florida’s panther population
E. describing the history of panthers in the United States
29. It can be inferred from the passage that ….
A. extinction is preferable to mixing species
B. wildlife protection and development are completely incompatible
 C. wildlife protection agencies are in the pocket of development corporations
D. scientist and government officials are equally disappointed with the results of the
experiment
E. there are alternatives to interbreeding, but they take longer
30. The author suggests that blame for the extinction of Florida panthers rests chiefly upon ….
A. government officials who bowed to pressure from developers
B. developers who encroached upon protected areas
C. scientists who suggested interbreeding as a solution
D. advocates of species preservation
wildlife agencies that did not act sooner to protect the panther population
31. The passage suggests that the author ….
A. is a former member of the Wildlife Protection Agency
B. is willing to compromise if it means the survival of a speciesis
C. is afraid that species tampering will become the norm in wildlife preservation management
D. believes the government has encouraged species tampering as a means of conducting
genetic experiments
E. believes that “sustainable numbers” statistics are not realistic and lead to the expedited
extinction of species
32. The word ‘perversion’ in the last paragraph means ….
A. a change to something, usually to improve it
B. a slight change made to something to make it work better or be more suitable
C. a change that is made to something
D. the changing of something so that it is not what it was or should be
E. the process by which new types of living things are thought to develop from existing
ones during evolution