Illustration

Quarter 1

Module LINE DRAWING TECHNIQUES (HATCHING,

CROSS HATCING, CONTOUR HATCHING)
13

T E C H N I C A L VO C A T I O N A L L I V E L I H O O D
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Illustration 11 Self-Learning Module on Line Drawing

Techniques (Hatching, Cross Hatching, Contour Hatching)!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Illustration 11 Self-Learning Module Line Drawing Techniques

(Hatching, Cross Hatching, Contour Hatching)!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
After completing this lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Identify the different line drawing techniques to create shading and texture in
an artwork;
2. Explain how each line drawing technique add tones and value to an artwork;
3. Create artwork using line drawing techniques as shadings or a texture
illusion.

PRETEST
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct word/s to complete the following
statements. Choose from the word pool below. Write down your answer on the space
provided.

1. When shading an artwork, the artist main goal is to produce an illusion of

____________.
2. ____________are artworks that can be a sketch or can look like a sketch but can
stand on its own.
3. ____________ is an artistic technique used to create tonal effects by drawing closely
spaced parallel lines.
4. Cross-hatching is a line drawing method that creates tones by drawing alternating
sets of lines that intersects each other forming a ____________ pattern.
5. Contour hatching is an artistic technique that follows the ____________ of the
subject when creating line shadings.
Hatching contour cross hatching

Criss cross depth line drawing

RECAP
Direction: Write True if the statement below is correct and False if it tells otherwise.
Write your answer before the number.

____________1. There are numerous shapes and forms around us, but it only falls
into two categories – geometric and organic.
____________2. Value is a basic element of art that refers to the gradual change of
lightness or darkness of a tone or color.
____________3. A low contrast artwork contains a lot of tonal range from light to dark
and gray tones in between.
____________4. When a shape gets a third dimension of depth it creates an element
of art called form.
____________5. Italian madonnari created 3D pavement art that exists up to this day.
 LESSON

LINE DRAWING TECHNIQUES

(Hatching, Cross Hatching, Contour Hatching)
We’ve now reached the Illustration NC 2 core competency—the Use of lines to
produce an illusion of volume. What we have discussed so far is creating values and
form with the smudging technique using a soft pencil and blending tools. Since our
main goal is to produce illustrations with lines as a tool for creating an illusion of
depth, you need to practice line accuracy and precision. The best tool for this
drawing technique is the pen.
In this module, we will be learning how to use lines as a shading tool to create
value and form, rather than using smudged graphite on a drawing surface.
Although graphite pencils are convenient for added line texture, it only
induces line carelessness, because you can erase mistakes every time you make them
which is a hard habit to overcome. Ready your sign pens and let’s begin…

Line Drawing
Line drawings or line art are artworks that can be a
sketch, or can look like a sketch but can stand on its own. It
doesn’t require color or shading and still can be classified as
a finished illustration. The main goal of every line drawing
artwork is to let the viewer’s eyes focus on the strokes and how
the artist manipulates them to create an illusion of light,
volume, and texture. Since we will be using the pen and
By Vincent van Gogh -
ink illustration style, let us first discuss the tools you can arthistory.about.com, Public Domain,
consider before drawing in this technique. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/ind
ex.php?curid=10769589

Tools and materials:

a. India ink - this is a waterproof type of ink when dry. It is sold in bottles with
different sizes and colors. Inks can be categorized as pigment-based and dye-
based. Pigment-based inks coat the drawing surface pplied, while dye-based
inks are absorbed into the paper, smudging the line texture. This is why it
is best to use pigment-based inks on drawing and dye-based inks for
ink wash (soft smudge variation of graphite but with ink).
b. Nib pens – traditionally pen and ink illustrations make
use of dipping tools into ink to mark drawing or writing
surface. Although there are available fountain pens
with loaded ink cartridge avoiding the hassle of dipping
the pen continuously to draw, many artists still
consider this traditional tool. Ink cartridges tend to get
clogged with ink over time, a nib pen can be cleaned
https://flic.kr/p/2irJxZk
after use. Nib pens usually come in two parts – the nib
 and the handle. Today dip pens are used for
calligraphy purposes, but can still be used for line
drawings.
c. Technical pens- for those who don’t want to hassle
in ink dipping, technical pens are the right tools.
Like the nib pen, it is available in different point sizes
for stroke and line variations. These pens come with https://www.cosqueretas.es/tienda/pin
turas/calibrados/
refillable ink cartridges or pre-filled cartridges. If you
are planning to use pen and ink as a medium of
drawing, go for the refillable type technical pens.
d. Paper - For precise line works, artists prefer using
a smooth paper surface. Smooth paper, like Bristol,
is smooth enough not to damage the paper from pen
nibs and avoid ink bleed or absorption. Marks are
consistent in this type of paper. For ink wash
https://flic.kr/p/wkWY9g
technique, the watercolor paper is the right
type to use

When shading an artwork, the artist's main goal is to produce an illusion of

depth or three-dimensional effect on a two-dimensional illustration, through the use
of tones and texture. The same is true when it comes to line drawing or art. By
using different line shading techniques, you can achieve the same effect of a soft
pencil on a textured drawing surface. There are five common line drawing techniques
that you can try in your next artworks.

Line Drawing Techniques

1. Hatching
This is an artistic technique used to create
tonal effects by drawing closely spaced parallel lines.
Hatching is the most common line shading technique
that allows you to cover more areas in a short time. It
consists of lines that go in one direction. When
hatching, angle your pen or pencil and vary the
distance of each line to show volume. Be very careful
when using this line drawing technique, since it is
primarily a straight line drawn closely or loosely
together, it can make spherical objects look flat.
The tonal value of hatched lines depends on
its distance. The closer the lines, the darker the
tone. Lines in this technique can be horizontal,
vertical, or diagonal. Just remember to use a one-
directional line for a specific subject.
2. Cross Hatching
This line drawing method creates tones by
drawing alternating sets of lines that intersect each
other forming a crisscross pattern. Like in hatching
the closer the lines the darker the line volume.
You can use two intersecting lines with varied
spacing or just use multiple lines to produce darker
lines and tones. Cross hatching is great for drawing
textures like fabrics or skin.
3. Contour Hatching
Contour hatching is the same with hatching
and cross-hatching. Although you use this technique
with or without intersecting lines. The only difference
of contour hatching is that the lines are curved and
follows the contour of the subject. In this technique,
you have to try and draw implied lines into real
lines, just like the cross-contour exercise we had in
our past lesson. It gives three-dimensional form to
a two-dimensional drawing.
Like the other line techniques, tones can vary
depending on the distance of the lines used.
Contour hatching, like cross contour lines, follows
the law of perspective; the further the subject to the
viewer's eye, the smaller the distance of each line.

When creating line drawing techniques as shading for an artwork, always

consider the direction of light. This will be the basis of the line directions that you
will use to draw the shadows of the subject you are drawing. Proper line direction
gives an object the proper form. Try to capture the realistic feel of an object when
drawing the shadow using lines.
You can follow the tips below when drawing a line as a shading technique to
produce volume:

Line drawing tips

1. When drawing, your hands should rest firmly on the drawing surface.
Remember to use arm movements rather than wrist movements when creating
lines and strokes for a fluid line marks on your artwork.
2. Use stroke thickness appropriately. Avoid inconsistent line thickness and
marks when not needed in an illustration.
3. Line drawing requires patience. For best resulting line artworks, do not hatch
lines hurriedly. It affects the overall quality of tones in every part of your
drawing.
4. Line drawings are not like other shading techniques; the more strokes you
add to correct a line mistake, the darker it will get compromising the light
source of the drawing. Avoid using a ruler as much as possible, it will only
compromise the natural feel of the object you are working on.
5. When using a pencil for line drawings, make sure to avoid smudging the linear
marks on the drawing surface. These line marks are very vital in a line
 drawing, that is why artists prefer pen and ink illustration style when using
this technique

The following series of activities in the next section will test how much have
you learned about the basic line drawing techniques. Use sign pens to accomplish
the activities.

ACTIVITIES
Activity A. Use hatching to add depth and illusion of volume to the drawing outline
below. Try to complete all the elements of shading using the hatching line technique
only. You are allowed to use different sign pen points sizes to vary line thickness.

Create a hatching value scale first

dark light
By Henry Augustus Pilsbry (1862-1957) - Pilsbry
H. A. (1915). "The Japanese species of
Blanfordia".
Guide question: What part of the shading activity you find difficult? What
technique did you use to overcome this difficulty?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Activity B. Use the cross-hatching technique to shade the drawing outline below,
try to give an illusion of depth and volume to the image.

Create a cross-hatching value scale first:

dark light
By Henry Augustus Pilsbry (1862-1957) - Pilsbry H. A. (1915).
"The Japanese species of Blanfordia"

Guide question: Did you find this activity more challenging than the first? Why?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Activity C. On your sketch pad, compose a line drawing artwork and use the contour line
drawing technique to add depth and volume to your art piece. You can use different sign pen
points to add variety to the line thickness.
Guide question: Between the three-line drawing techniques that we have discussed
in this module, which do you think is the most convenient based on your drawing style? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
 Rubric in Assessing Performance output

Criteria Percentage Score

The preciseness of the used lines 40%
Creativity and compliance with the theme 40%
Neatness 20%
Remarks:

WRAP-UP
Let’s summarize your understanding from this module by listing down the
concepts you have learned. Provide a short description for each concept you’ll be
writing.
✓ _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

VALUING

SHORT ESSAY:

How did the three-line drawing techniques help create tonal values to an
object and produce depth and illusion of volume?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST
Identification. Fill in the missing terms and concepts to complete the
following statement. Write your answer on the space provided
below.

1. When using a pencil for line drawings, make sure to avoid _______________
the linear marks on the drawing surface.
2. Inks can be categorized as pigment-based and _______________.
3. Cross-hatching is a line drawing method that creates tones by drawing
alternating sets of lines that intersects each other forming a ____________
pattern.
4. Avoid using the _______________ as much as possible, when working on a
line drawing, it will only compromise the natural feel of the artwork.
5. Avoid inconsistent line _______________ and marks when not needed in an
illustration.
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. CONTOUR 5. FALSE 5. THICKNESS

4. CRISS CROSS 4. TRUE 4. RULER

3. HATCHING 3. TRUE 3. CRISS CROSS

2. LINE DRAWING 2. TRUE 2. DYE-BASED

1. DEPTH 1. TRUE 1. SMUDGING

PRE-TEST RECAP POST TEST

References
• Admin. “Drawing in Pen and Ink: Techniques for Pen Drawing.” How to Draw
Step by Step Drawing Tutorials, January 28, 2010.
https://www.drawinghowtodraw.com/stepbystepdrawinglessons/2010/01/
drawing-in-pen-and-ink-techniques-for-pen-drawing/all/1/.
• Easydrawingtips. “Shading Techniques and Stroke Types Drawing Tutorial.”
EasyDrawingTips, August 25, 2019.
https://www.easydrawingtips.com/shading-techniques-and-stroke-types/.
• Fussell, Matt. “7 Must-Have Pen and Ink Supplies.” TheVirtualInstructor Blog,
June 27, 2019. https://thevirtualinstructor.com/blog/7-must-have-pen-
and-ink-supplies.
• Nguyen, Darlene. “Darlene Nguyen.” RapidFireArt, April 22, 2020.
https://rapidfireart.com/2017/08/30/lesson-8-introduction-to-shading-
techniques/.
• Pen and Ink Drawing Lessons - Materials and Techniques. Accessed July 22,
2020. https://www.artyfactory.com/pen_and_ink_drawing/pen-and-ink-
drawing-techniques.html.
• “Tips for Drawing More Confident Lines & Strokes with the Following
Lessons & Tutorials for Kids & Beginners.” How to Draw Confident
Lines & Strokes with Drawing Lessons and Tutorials for Kids &
Beginners. Accessed July 22, 2020.
https://www.drawinghowtodraw.com/drawing-lessons/improve-
drawing/drawing-confident-lines.html.
• Walsh, Ian. “An Introduction to Line Drawing Techniques.” Improve Drawing,
May 28, 2020. https://improvedrawing.com/an-introduction-to-line-
drawing-techniques/.