Hydraulic Valves

What types of valves

 Non return valves

 Pressure control valves

 Flow control valves

 Directional control valves

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 Non return valves
Non-return valves
Unloaded
Spring loaded
Lockable and unclockable
non –return valves

Lockable
De - lockable (piloted) double
non –return valves
non –return valves
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Non return valves - Applications

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Non return valves - Applications

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Pilot operated
check valves

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Double check valves

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 Exercise
 A conveyor belt transports metal swarf
into a tipping container. When the
container is full, it is emptied into a
truck. A double – acting cylinder is used
for this purpose, activated by a solenoid
– actuated 4/3 way – valve. The piston
rod of the cylinder is advanced while the
container is in position to receive swarf.
 To enable the hydraulic power back to
be switched off during this time, the
piston rod of the cylinder must be
protected by hydraulic means against
undesired retraction (caused by leakage
in the valve).
 The electrical activation of the valve
must be manually controlled, i.e. the
cylinder must move only when the “UP”
or “DOWN” pushbuttons are pressed.

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Solution

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Pressure control valves

Pressure relief valve Pressure regulator

2 - way Pressure
regulator valve

To prevent increases
in pressure
3 - way Pressure
regulator valve

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Pressure relief valve

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 Pressure relief valve
Pressure relief valves are used as:

 Safety valves:
protect from overload

 Sequence valves:
These open the
connection to other
consuming devices
when the set pressure is
exceeded

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Pressure relief valve

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Pressure regulator
Pressure regulators reduce the input
pressure to a specified output pressure.
They are only used to good effect in
systems where a number of different
pressures are required.

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Pressure regulator

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Pressure regulator

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Pressure regulator

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Pressure regulator

105
 Exercise

 The loading and unloading of skips from a skip transporter

is carried out using two double – acting cylinders. Each
cylinder is subject to varying loads – tractive load during
unloading and compressive load during loading. The skip
shoulde be raised and lowered at a slow constant speed.
Each cylinder must therefore be hydraulically clamped on
both sides.
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107
Flow control valves

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180
Restrictor Orifice

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110
111
112
Directional control valves

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114
Directional control valves
Spring centred model

 main control spool

(3)
 springs.(4.1 and
4.2).
 control line (5).
 left- hand spring
chamber(6)
 the right-hand
spring chamber (7)

Electro-hydraulically operated directional spool valve,

spring centred, for sandwich plate
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 Directional control valves

Pressure centred model

Electro-hydraulically operated directional spool valve, pressure centered

, for sandwich plate
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Hydraulic Actuators
Hydraulic Accumulators
General

The main task of an accumulator is to take a

specific amount of fluid under pressure from
the hydraulic system and store it until it is
required within the system.

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Features of different accumulators

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Function
1. Energy storage
2. Fluid reserve
3. Emergency operation
4. Balance of forces
5. Damping of mechanical shocks / pressure shocks
6. Damping of shocks and vibrations
7. Damping of pulses
8. Vehicle suspension
9. Compensation of leakage oil / flow (expansion tank)
10. Reclaiming of deceleration energy
11. Maintaining constant pressure

121
Piston accumulator
 External cylinder tube (1)
 Piston (2) with sealing system and
also the front covers (3,4) which
include the fluid (5) and gas ports (6).

 The cylinder tube has two tasks:

 It is used to receive the internal
pressure.
 It is used to guide the piston, which
is used as the separating element
between the gas and fluid chambers.

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Bladder accumulator

Bladder accumulator

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Membrane accumulators

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 1. Energy storage

 Power At high injection velocity

required in a
plastic Power consumption in %
injection
moulding
machine
Medium power

Time

125
Energy storage
 Some of the features of this are:
 Possibility of using smaller pumps
 Lower installed power
 Less heat produced
 Simple servicing and installation
 In addition, damping of pressure shocks and pulses
(depending on the system) is provided. This
increases the service life of the complete system.
 By using accumuJators, energy is saved.
 In hydraulic systems which briefly require a large
amount of oil or short cycles, accumulators must be
used in order to achieve an economic solution.
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Several actuators with
varying oil requirements
 Energy storage in an
injection mouding
machine

Safety and isolating control block

with manual unloading
127
Shorter cycles (e.g. in machine tools)

The system may be started up more quickly 128

 Decrease in the time taken for a stroke
Pump I:
Low pressure pump

Pump II:
High pressure pump

The desired high velocity is obtained. 129

Hydraulic Filters
131
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