Yarn Manufacturing

I.T Melissa Cortés

BALE AND HANK
 DOSAGE BLENDER

BALE BREAKER MIXER

BALE BREAKER OR OPENER
 BLOW ROOM
• Opening
• Cleaning
• Mixing or blending
• Dust removal
• Uniform feed to the carding machine

INPUT OF BLOWROOM
• The material input to the blow room was in the compressed form and full of trashes or
impurities i.e. leaves, seed, chaff, metallic particle and dusts etc.
OUTPUT OF BLOWROOM
• After going through the processes of the blow room, the output in the form of small tufts
and it is cleaned and opened.
 BLOW ROOM
PRINCIPLE OF ACTION OF MACHINES IN BLOW ROOM:
Action of opposite spike:
• This action reduces the large tufts of cotton into small ones.

Action of air current:

• The movement of cotton fibers from machine to machine is done by the effect of
continuous air current, this air current also helps in separation of trashes.

Action of beaters:
• Beaters are responsible for removal of all types of impurities
• Helps in opening of cotton

Action of regulation motion:

• Gives uniform output of cotton fiber by help of swing doors and swing paddels .
 MIXER
To have produced high quality and uniform
yarn, we interweave material very well. Our
task is to create high-quality homogeneous
mixture. Such a mixture will ensure that the 3
properties at any point will be the same yarn.
Perfect mixing to remove the differences in
length, fineness, strength, color and fiber 1
contamination. 1
The machine is made up of three parts:
· a storage section,
· an intermediate chamber 2
· a delivery section. 1
 MACHINE USED FOR
CLEANING
1. Cleaning cylinder
2. Cleaning Grid
3. Air lock cylinder
4. Material feed
5. Material outlet
6. Exhaust air to filter
7. Waste removal

But instead of the material rotating three times inside

the machine, it is forced to pass over the grid five
times, always presenting new surface areas to it. The
tufts not only pass over the grid five times, they also
pass over a specially arranged perforated sheet five
times.
CARDING PROCESS
CARDING PROCESS
 COMBING
Is an additional fiber alignment operation performed on very fine yarns intended for finer
fabrics. Fine-tooth combs are applied to the sliver from carding, separating out the
shorter fibers, called noils, and aligning the longer fibers to a higher level of
parallelism. The resulting strand is called a comb sliver. With its long fibers, the comb
sliver provides a smoother, more even yarn.
After carding and, if performed, combing, several slivers are combined into one
strand that is drawn to be longer and thinner. Drawing frames have several pairs of
rollers through which he slivers pass.
 SPEED FRAME AND IT'S FUNCTION
• The output from the draw frame is fed into the roving frame (also called ‘speed frame or
simplex machine or flyer frame‘) where the linear density of sliver is reduced by drafting
and the resultant product is called the roving. After the drafting operation, the roving is
wound on the bobbin. During winding, a little amount of twist is imparted to the roving.
 Roving Frame
Objects:

To draft the drawframe sliver to reduce weight per unit length.

• To insert small amount of twist into the roving.
• To wind twisted roving onto the bobbin.
Roving Frame
 Roving Frame
Creeling:
Creel is the place situated at the back of the machine where the raw material is placed to be
fed to the drafting zone.
Optimum creel tension draft should be selected to control stretch in drawing sliver.
Drafting:
Drafting is normally carried out by a draft system with double apron capable of working with
entering sliver counts of 0.12-024 Ne and counts of the delivered roving of 0.27—3 Ne.
The draft given in the roving process will be in the range between 4 and 20 and can work fibers
of a length of up to 60 mm.
Twisting:
It is very important factor which produces strength in the roving and twist is inserted with the
help of flyer.
When flyer rotates, the twist is produce in the sliver.
Twist level depends upon flyer speed and delivery speed.
 Roving Frame
Laying:
Lay refers to the arrangement of the roving coils wound around the bobbin in any given
layer. The closeness of the lay is measured in “coils per inch,” which means the number of
roving coils wound around the bobbin per inch parallel to the axis of the bobbin.
The purpose of the laying operation is to put the successive coils of roving side by side in a
uniformly spaced arrangement.
This regular, uniform arrangement is achieved by making the bobbins move up and down at a
uniform rate of speed for each layer.

Winding:

Winding is the process by means of which the roving is drawn from the front roll through the
flyer and onto the bobbin.
The rate of winding compared to the rate of delivery at the front roll controls the winding
tension.
 Roving Frame
Building:
The building motion is controlled by the steady upward and downward movements of the
bobbin rail containing the bobbins and spindles.
Doffing:
It is the optional function of speed frame. Doffing could be done manually or automatically.
RING SPINNING
RING SPINNING
RING SPINNING
ROTOR SPINNING
VORTEX SPINNING
 References
• http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/fibres/
• http://uctemtn.blogspot.com.co/2013/04/blow-room-of-rieter-
company.html
• https://textilestudycenter.blogspot.com.co/2015/09/speed-frame-
and-its-function_2.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_fiber
 Vocabulary
• Abridor: Licker in (Hollow roll at the feed end
of a revolving falt card
• Abridora: Opener
• Abridora de algodón: Cotton Breaker
• Abridora de desperdicios: Waste Machine,
waste picker
• Abridora de lana: Wool opener, duster
• Abridora-limpiadora: Opener and cleaner
• Abertura: Opening
• Bobina: Bottle bobbin
• End: Hilo
• Mezclado: Intermingling
• Abridora: Breake bale or opener bale
• Masa de polimeros: Bulk polymers
• Cardado: Stripping Action
• Accionamiento: Drive
• Accionamiento de husos por cinta: tape driving
• Aceitar: to oil, to lubricate
• Acondicionadora de hilos: yarn conditioner
(Steam Box for setting twist of yarns)
• Adelgazamiento: reducing, attenuation “Drawing
down” (Of sliver or roving)
• Huso: Spindle
• Aire recirculando: recirculated air.
• Ajustador (Operario): Fitter, tuner
• Ajustador de cardas: Card setter
• Ajustaje: Setting
• Alargamiento: Stretch, Lengthening,
elongation
• Alargamiento del hilo: Yarn Elongation
• Paca: Bale
• Madeja: Hank
• Limpieza y abridora: Blowroom
 Vocabulary
• Algodón largo: Long staple cotton ( more • Coco: Coir
than 26 mm) • Enrollar: Wind, Coil
• Algodón maduro: ripe cotton • Bobinas de mechas enrolladas: The roving coils
wound
• Algodón entre el manchado y el salpicado:
• Extruido:Extruded
tinged cotton
• Hileras:Spinnerets
• Algodón inmaduro: Unriped cotton • Chorros: Streams
• Algodonizar: to cottonize • Fibra corta: Staple fibers
• Alimentacion de mecha cruzada: (a la • Solución para extruir: Dope
segunda carda) cross ribbon. • Reserva de solución: Melt reservoir
• Alimentador: feeder • Yute: Jute
• Cañamo: Hemp
• Alineacion: Alignment
• Ramio: Ramie
• Alma: Core , heart rope • Algodón cardado: Carded Cotton
• Alma de devanar (Tubo – bobina) Yarn • Algodón corto (menos de 26mm): Short staple
Carrier cotton
• Tufts: Mechones : “ ” • Algodón en rama: Raw cotton
• Filamentos: Filaments
• Hilo: Thread, Yarn, Ends
• Cuerda: Rope
• Matted: Marañado
 Vocabulary
• Anillo: Ring
• Anillo (aro de continua de hilar): Spinning ring
• Anillo de guarnicion: Gasket
• Anillo corredor - viajero: ring traveler
• Seleccionador: Sorting
• Anillo de guarnicion: Gasket
• Harvesting: Cosecha
• Anudado: (Hilos) Knotting
• Batidores: Beaters
• Seleccionador: Sorting
• Finura: Fineness
• Aparato plegador: Coiler
• Fuerza: Strength
• Apilar: To pile, to stack, to heap
• Draft: Dar forma , bosquejar
• Averia: Breakdown ; Damage
• Mecheras: Draftframe
• Bancada portahusos: Spindle rail
• Sliver: Cinta
• Manuar estirador: Drawing frame
• Devanar: Wind
• Banco porta bobinas: bobbin rail (Mechera)
• Torsion: Twist
• Banda de estiraje: Band, apron
• Cinta de mecheras: Roving
• Hilar: Spun • Noils: Fibras cortas que pueden causar nudos
• Hilado: Spinning • Hebra, filamento, hilo: Strand
• Peinadora: Combing
• Rodillo estriado: Grooved roler
• Abatanado: Fulling, Milling (Finishing Process
for woolen Fabrics)