UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

FACULTY OF OCEAN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

MTK 3007
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTIC

Group Assignment 2

Prepared by:
Group 11

Name Matric No.

Won Yong Xian S58179
Teoh Yi Yin S58798
Lam Jing Kit S59387
Chang Zhi Ying S60019

Prepared for:
Dr Nor Azlida Binti Aleng

COMPUTER SCIENCE (SOFTWARE ENGINEERING)

SEMESTER II 2020/2021
1. A random sample is drawn from a population of unknown standard deviation.
Construct a 99% confidence interval for the population mean based on the
information given
a. 𝑛 = 49, X = 17.1, 𝑠 = 2.1
b. 𝑛 = 169, X = 17.1, 𝑠 = 2.1
Solution:
z ∝ =2.58
2
a. 99% confidence interval for mean

( √σn )< μ<¿ X+ z ( √σn )

¿ X −z ∝
2
∝
2

¿ 17.1−2.58
( √2.149 )< μ<17.1+2.58 ( √2.149 )
¿ 16.326< μ< 17.874

b. 99% confidence interval for mean

( √σn )< μ<¿ X+ z ( √σn )

¿ X −z ∝
2
∝
2

¿ 17.1−2.58
( √2.1169 )< μ <17.1+2.58( √2.1169 )
¿ 16.683< μ<17.517

2. A report described a study in which a sample of 360 one-year-old baby boys were
weighed. Their mean weight was 5.5kg with standard deviation 1.3kg. A pediatrician
claims that the mean weight of one-year-old boys is greater than 5kg. Do the data
provide convincing evidence that the pediatrician’s claim is true? Use 𝛼 = 0.01 level of
significance.
Solution:
n = 360 X = 5.5 σ = 1.3
H 0 : μ ≤5
H 1 : μ >5 (claim)

Critical value = 2.326

X−μ
z=
σ
√n
5.5−5
¿
1.3
√360
¿ 7.298

∴ Since 7.298 > 2.326 and fall in critical region, H 0 is rejected. There is enough
evidence to show that the data provide convincing evidence that the pediatrician’s
claim is true.
3. When testing a new drug, scientists measure the amount of the active ingredients
that is absorbed by the body. In a study done, a new antifungal medication that was
designed to be applied to the skin was tested. The medication was applied to the
skin of eight adults. One hour later, the amount of active ingredients that had been
absorbed into the skin was measured for each subject. The results, in micrograms,
were

1.28 1.81 2.71 3.13 1.55 2.55 3.36 3.86

Determine whether the mean amount absorbed is greater than 2 micrograms. Use
𝛼 = 0.05 level of significance.
Solution:
n = 8 X = 2.53 s = 0.917

H 0 : μ ≤2
H 1 : μ >2 (claim)

X−μ
t=
s
√n
2.53−2
¿
0.917
√8
¿ 1.63

𝛼 = 0.05, d.f. = 7
critical value = 1.895

∴ Since 1.63 < 1.895 and doesn’t fall in critical region, H 0 is not rejected. There is
not enough evidence to show that the mean amount absorbed is greater than 2
micrograms.

4. Test the claim that the standard deviation of the number of aircraft stolen each year
is less than 15 if a sample of 12 years had a standard deviation of 13.6. Use 𝛼 =
0.05.
Solution:
n = 12 s = 13.6 degree of freedom = 11

H 0 :σ ≥ 15
H 1 : σ <15 (claim)

( n−1 ) s 2
χ ²=
σ2
2
(12−1)13.6
¿ 2
15
¿ 9.042
 χ ²0.95 , 11=4.575 (critical value)

∴ Since 9.042 > 4.575 and does not fall in the critical region. H 0 is not rejected.
There is not enough evidence to show that the standard deviation of the number of
aircraft stolen each year is less than 15.

5. Scores on an IQ test are normally distributed. A sample of 25 IQ scores have a

standard deviation of 8. The developer of the test claims that the population
standard deviation is 15. Do these data provide sufficient evidence to contradict this
claim? Use 𝛼 = 0.05.
Solution:
n = 25 s = 8 degree of freedom = 24

H 0 :σ =15 (claim)
H 1 : σ ≠15

Critical value = x 2< 13.85∨x 2 >39.36

( n−1 ) s2
x 2=
σ2
2
(25−1)8
¿
152
¿ 6.823

∴ Since 6.823 < 13.85 and fall in the critical region. H 0 is rejected. There is not
enough evidence to show that the test claims that the population standard deviation
is 15.

6. Two groups of students are given a problem-solving test, and the results are
compared. Find whether the average score is different for the two groups of
students.
𝛼 = 0.10.

Group A Group B
X1 = X 2=
83.6 79.2
𝜎1 = 4.3 𝜎2 = 3.8
𝑛1 = 36 𝑛2 = 36

Solution:

H 0 : μ1=μ2
H 1 : μ 1 ≠ μ2 (claim)

Critical value = ± 1.65

 ( X 1− X 2 )−(μ1−μ2 )
z=

√
2 2
σ 1 σ2
+
n1 n 2
( 83.6−79.2 )−0
z=

√
4.32 3.82

z=4.601
+
36 36

∴ Since 4.601 > 1.65 and fall in the critical region. H 0 is rejected. There is enough
evidence to show that average score is different for the two groups of students.
7. Married persons spend an average of 8 minutes per day on phone calls and emails,
while single persons spend an average of 14 minutes per day on the same tasks.
Based on the following information, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that
single persons spend, on average, a greater time each day communicating? Use 𝛼 =
0.05.

Group A Group B
Sample size 26 20
Sample mean 16.7 12.5
Sample Variance 8.41 10.24

Solution:
μ1=14 μ 2=8

H 0 : μ1 ≤ μ2
H 1 : μ 1> μ 2 (claim)

( X 1− X 2 )−(μ1−μ2 )
t=

√
2 2
σ 1 σ2
+
n1 n 2
( 16.7−12.5 )−(14−8)
t=

t=−1.97
√
8.41 10.24
26
+
20

𝛼 = 0.05, d.f. = 19
t0.05, 19 = -1.729

∴ Since -1.97 < -1.729 and not fall in the critical region. H 0 is not rejected. There is
not sufficient evidence to conclude that single persons spend, on average, a greater
time each day communicating.
8. As an aid for improving students’ study habits, nine students were randomly selected
to attend a seminar on the importance of education in life. The table shows the
number of hours each student studied per week before and after the seminar. At 𝛼 =
0.10, did attending the seminar change the number of hours the students studied
per week?

Before 9 12 6 15 3 18 10 13 7
After 9 17 9 20 2 21 15 22 6
Di 0 -5 -3 -5 1 -3 -5 -9 1
Di - D́ 3.11 -1.89 0.11 -1.89 4.11 0.11 -1.89 -5.89 4.11

Solution:
H 0 : μD =0
H 1 : μ D ≠ 0 (claim)

()
n
1 1
D= ∑
n i=1
D i¿
9
( 0+ (−5 ) + (−3 )+ (−5 ) +1+ (−3 ) + (−5 ) + (−9 ) +1 )¿−3.11

√ √
n
1 1
S D= ∑
n−1 i=1
(
2
Di−D ) =
9−1
[ ( 3.11 )2+ (−1.89 )2+ ( 0.11 )2 + (−1.89 )2 + ( 4.11 )2+ ( 0.11 )2 + (−1.89 )2 + (−5.89

D−μD −3.11−0
t= = =−2.80
SD 3.33
√n √9
𝛼 = 0.10, d.f. = 8
t0.05,8 = ±1.860 (critical value)

∴ Since -2.80 < -1.860 fall in the critical region. H 0 is rejected. There is enough
evidence to show that attending the seminar change the number of hours the
students studied per week.

9. Paired systolic/ diastolic blood pressure measurements of eight males are listed
below.
 ∑
Systolic, x 125 107 126 110 110 107 113 126 924
x² 15625 11449 15876 2100 12100 11449 12769 15876 107 244
Diastolic, y 78 54 81 68 66 83 71 72 573
y² 6084 2916 6561 4624 4356 6889 5041 5184 41 655
xy 9750 6778 10206 7480 7260 8881 8023 9072 66 450

a. Find the equation of the regression line to predict the diastolic blood
pressure measurements from the systolic blood pressure measurements.
Solution:
(924)(573)
66450−
^β 1= 8
=0.514
(924)²
107244−
8
^β 0= 573 924
−(0.514)( )=12.258
8 8

Equation of regression line:

^y = β^ 0 + β^ 1 x
^y =12.258+ 0.514 x

b. Use the answer from (a), find the diastolic blood pressure measurements if the
systolic measurement is 144.
Solution:
^y =12.258+ 0.514 x
^y =12.258+ 0.514(144)
^y =86.27

When systolic measurement is 144,

diastolic pressure measurement = 86.27

c. Find the linear correlation coefficient, r, and interpret the obtained r value.
Solution:

∑ x∑ y
∑ xy − n
r=

√{ (∑ x )
}{∑ (∑ y )
}
2 2

∑x− 2
n
2
y−
n

(924)(573)
( 66450 ) −
8
r=
{√ 107244− 853776
8 }{41655−
8 }
328329

r =0.474

∴ There is a weak positive linear relationship between systolic and diastolic blood
pressure measurement.
d. Test the significance of the correlation coefficient at 𝛼 = 0.05.
Solution:
H 0 : p=0
H1: p ≠ 0

Critical value = ± 2.447

t=r
√ n−2
1−r 2

t=0.474

t=1.319
√ 8−2
1−0.474 2

∴ Since -2.447 < 1.319 < 2.447 and do not fall in the critical region. H 0 is not
rejected. There is not enough evidence to show that there is a significant correlation
between systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurement.
10. The number of calories and the number of miligrams of cholesterol for a random
sample of fast-food chicken sandwiches from seven restaurants are shown here,

∑
Calories, x 390 535 720 300 430 500 440 3315
x² 1 675 225
Cholestrol, y 43 45 80 50 55 52 60 385
y² 22 103
xy 189 495

a. Find the equation of the regression line to predict the number of miligrams
of cholesterol based on the calories taken.
Solution:
(3315)(385)
189495−
^β 1= 7
=0.068
(3315)²
1675225−
7
^β 0= 385 3315
−(0.068)( )=22.78
7 7

Equation of regression line:

^y = β^ 0 + β^ 1 x
^y =22.78+0.068 x

b. Use the answer from (a), find the number of miligrams of cholesterol when the
number of calories is 600.
Solution:
^y =22.78+0.068 x ^y =22.78+0.068(600)
^y =63.58

When systolic measurement is 600,

diastolic pressure measurement = 63.58

c. Find the linear correlation coefficient, r, and interpret the obtained r value.
Solution:
∑ x∑ y
∑ xy − n
r=

√{ (∑ x )
}{∑ }
2
(∑ y )
2

∑x− 2
n
2
y−
n

(3315)(385)
( 189495 )−
7
r=
{√ 1675225− 10989225
7 }{22103−
7 }
148225

r =0.725

∴ There is a strong positive linear relationship between calories and cholesterol.

d. Test the significance of the correlation coefficient at 𝛼 = 0.05.
Solution:
H 0 : p=0
H1: p ≠ 0

Critical value = ± 2.571

t=r
√ n−2
1−r 2

t=0.725

t=2.354
√ 7−2
1−0.7252

∴ Since -2.571 < 2.354 < 2.571 and do not fall in the critical region. H 0 is not
rejected. There is not enough evidence to show that there is a significant correlation
between calories and cholesterol.