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UNIVERSIDAD DE DAGUPAN
Arellano Street, Dagupan City

BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

MULTIPLE CHOICE

A branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter.

A. Biochemistry
B. Chemistry
C. Biology
D. Stereochemistry

A natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function,
growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

A. Biochemistry
B. Chemistry
C. Biology
D. Stereochemistry

The study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms

A. Biochemistry
B. Chemistry
C. Biology
D. Stereochemistry

Laboratory apparatus use for blood glucose determination

A. Test Tube
B. Foli-Wu Tube
C. Beaker
D. Graduated Cylinder

A simple container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonly used in many laboratories.

A. Test Tube
B. Foli-Wu Tube
C. Beaker
D. Graduated Cylinder

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose , into pyruvate

A. Glucose
B. Lipids
C. Glycolysis
D. Fatty Ac Measure of degree of unsaturation, the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in relation to
the amount of fat or oil.

A. Acid Number
B. Saponification Number
C. Iodine number
D. Peroxide Number

Measures the degree of lipid oxidation in fats and oils but not their stability.

A. Acid Number
B. Saponification Number
C. Iodine number
D. Peroxide Number

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The process of breaking down or degrading a neutral fat into glycerol and fatty acids by treatment of with
alkali.

A. Acid Number
B. Saponification Number
C. Iodine number
D. Peroxide Number

Used in the pharmaceutical industry

A. Invertase
B. Proteases
C. Amylases
D. Pepsin

A method in which a mixture of proteins can be separated and analysed

A. Isoelectric point (pI)

B. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
C. Gel electrophoresis
D. Protein Electrophoresis

Performed to analyse the molecular weights and the charge of the protein and is mostly used in
electrophoresis of the protein

A. Isoelectric point (pI)

B. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
C. Gel electrophoresis
D. Protein Electrophoresis
A very sensitive method capable of a bearing a high resolution and it is analytically used in the studies in the
separation techniques

A. Isoelectric point (pI)

B. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
C. Gel electrophoresis
D. Protein Electrophoresis

The pH-value in which a protein is neutral, that is, has zero net charge

A. Isoelectric point (pI)

B. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
C. Gel electrophoresis
D. Protein Electrophoresis

A chemical process, involving polyphenol oxidase, catechol oxidase, and other enzymes that
create melanins and benzoquinone from natural phenols, resulting in a brown color

A. Browning
B. Enzymatic browning
C. Non-Enzymatic Browning
D. Caramelization

A chemical process that produces a brown colour in foods without the activity of enzymes

A. Browning
B. Enzymatic browning
C. Non-Enzymatic Browning
D. Caramelization

A chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar, usually requiring the addition of heat

A. Caramelization
B. Browning
C. Mailard Reaction
D. Melanoidins

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Commonly present in foods that has undergone some form of non-enzymatic browning

A. Caramelization
B. Browning
C. Mailard Reaction
D. Melanoidins

The pyrolysis of sugar

A. Caramelization
B. Browning
C. Mailard Reaction
D. Melanoidins

Contain more complex forms of carbohydrates/sugar than what the body should digest

A. Unripe Fruits
B. Ripe Fruits
C. Oxidative Browning
D. Non-enzymatic browning

Requires exposure to oxygen

A. Unripe Fruits
B. Ripe Fruits
C. Oxidative Browning
D. Non-enzymatic browning

Have a more tender fiber texture

A. Unripe Fruits
B. Ripe Fruits
C. Oxidative Browning
The measurements are actually a comparison of the amount of solutes (substances dissolved) in urine as
compared to pure water

A. Specific gravity
B. pH
C. Protein
D. Glucose

The test pad measures the amount of albumin in the urine.

A. Specific gravity
B. pH
C. Protein
D. Glucose

When urine protein is elevated

A. Proteinuria
B. Glucosuria
C. Ketonuria
D. Hematuria

The urine indicates blood in the urine

A. Proteinuria
B. Glucosuria
C. Ketonuria
D. Hematuria

. Present of ketones in urine

A. Proteinuria
B. Glucosuria
C. Ketonuria
D. Hematuria

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Smaller than most other proteins and is typically the first protein that is seen in the urine when kidney
dysfunction begins to develop

A. Glucose
B. Albumin
C. pH
D. Blood

An enzyme present in most white blood cells (WBCs)

A. Leukocyte esterase
B. Nitrite
C. Bilirubin
D. Urobilinogen

It is formed in the intestine from bilirubin, and a portion of it is absorbed back into the bloodstream

A. Leukocyte esterase
B. Nitrite
C. Bilirubin
D. Urobilinogen

It becomes a component of bile, a fluid that is secreted into the intestines to aid in food digestion.

A. Leukocyte esterase
B. Nitrite
C. Bilirubin
D. Urobilinogen

The most common cause for WBCs in urine

A. Hematuria
B. Hepatitis
C. Leukocyturia
D. Urinary Tract Infection

An oxygen-transporting protein found inside red blood cells (RBCs).

A. Ketones
B. Hemoglobin
C. Nitrite
D. Glucose

A hydrocarbon that has Carbon- carbon single bond

A. Alkane
B. Alkene
C. Alkyne
D. Cyclic Hydrocarbon

A subdiscipline of chemistry primarily concerned with the synthesis, structure, and function of carbohydrates

A. Biochemistry
B. Glycosidic Bond Formation
C. Carbohydrate Chemistry
D. Chemistry

A chemical glycosylation reaction involves the coupling of a glycosyl donor, to a glycosyl acceptor forming a
glycoside.

A. Biochemistry
B. Glycosidic Bond Formation
C. Carbohydrate Chemistry
D. Chemistry

A sub-field of organic chemistry concerned specifically with the generation of natural and unnatural
carbohydrate structures

A. Carbohydrate Synthesis
B. Glycosidic Bond Formation
C. Glycosyl Donor

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D. Glycosyl Acceptor

A sugar with a suitable leaving group at the anomeric position

A. Carbohydrate Synthesis
B. Glycosidic Bond Formation
C. Glycosyl Donor
D. Glycosyl Acceptor

It is the combining or recombining of free fatty acids with glycerol to form triglycerides.
A. Hydrolysis
B. Hydrogenation
C. Isomerization
D. Esterification

A reaction used to optimize the properties of fats and oils prepared for specific uses.

A. Hydrolysis
B. Hydrogenation
C. Isomerization
D. Esterification

A fatty acid ester of different alcohols and carries no other substance.

A. Simple Lipid
B. Saponification
C. Triglyceride
D. Saponifiable Lipid

One with an ester functional group, that can be hydrolyzed under basic conditions

A. Simple Lipid
B. Saponification
C. Triglyceride
D. Saponifiable Lipid

The process that produces soaps from the reaction of lipids and a strong base

A. Simple Lipid
B. Saponification
C. Triglyceride
D. Saponifiable Lipid

The side chains undergo a reversible oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups of the cysteine, which results in
covalent bonding of the sulfur atoms

A. Henderson–Hasselbalch equation
B. Disulfide bonds
C. Disulfide Bridge
D. Isoelectric point (pI)

Form between the sulfur atoms of two cysteine side chains in a protein

A. Henderson–Hasselbalch equation
B. Disulfide bonds
C. Disulfide Bridge
D. Isoelectric point (pI)

The equation is also useful for estimating the pH of a buffer solution and finding the equilibrium pH in acid-
base reactions (it is widely used to calculate the isoelectric point of proteins).

A. Henderson–Hasselbalch equation
B. Disulfide bonds
C. Disulfide Bridge
D. Isoelectric point (pI)

Consists of a carbonyl group's carbon atom directly bound to the nitrogen atom of a secondary amine.

A. Zwitterion tautomer
B. Peptide bond
C. Isoelectric point (pI)
D. Residu

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Majority of molecules with a positive charge on the (protonated) amino group and a negative charge on the
(deprotonated) carboxylate group.

A. Zwitterion tautomer
B. Peptide bond
C. Isoelectric point (pI)
D. Residue

Which of the following is /are the major functions of carbohydrates within the body. Select all that app

A. supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose

B. Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy
C. Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids
D. Cellular and protein recognition
E. Dietary fiber
F. Provide body building
G. Provide muscle and skeletal build up

A carbohydrate with 5 carbons is called a pentose

A. Hexose
B. Glucose
C. Pentose
D. Aldose
E. Ketose

This is the test the has a positive formation of blue-black complex

A. The Molisch Test

B. The Iodine/Potassium Iodide Test
C. Benedict's Test
D. Barfoed's Test
E. Seliwanoff's Test
F. Bial's Test

Shows positive test for: All carbohydrates. Monosaccharides give a rapid positive test. Disaccharides and
polysaccharides react slower.

A. The Molisch Test

B. The Iodine/Potassium Iodide Test
C. Benedict's Test
D. Barfoed's Test
E. Seliwanoff's Test
F. Bial's Test

The test reagent dehydrates pentoses to form furfural (top reaction) and dehydrates hexoses to form 5-
hydroxymethyl furfural (bottom reaction). The furfurals further react with -naphthol present in the test reagent
to produce a purple product

A. The Molisch Test

B. The Iodine/Potassium Iodide Test
C. Benedict's Test
D. Barfoed's Test
E. Seliwanoff's Test
F. Bial's Test

A positive test is indicated by:The formation of a purple product at the interface of the two layers.

A. The Molisch Test

B. The Iodine/Potassium Iodide Test
C. Benedict's Test
D. Barfoed's Test
E. Seliwanoff's Test
F. Bial's Test

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Some of the substances dissolved in urine will precipitate out to form crystals when the urine is acidic; others will
form crystals when the urine is basic. If crystals form while the urine is being produced in the kidneys which of the
following can develop..

A. Calculus
B. Rheumatoid
C. Gall stone
D. Urinary tract infection

This disorder that produce high amounts of protein in blood.

A. Multiple myeloma
B. Cancer
C. Kidney stone
D. Diabetes mellitus

All of the following are the conditions that causes glucosuria. SATA

A. Hormonal disorders,
B. Liver disease
C. Medications
D. Pregnancy
E. Anaemia
F. Hypertension

Which of the following is the most common cause of increase WBCs in urine

A. UTI
B. Jaundice
C. Anemia
D. Biliary obstruction

Positive test results may help detect liver diseases or cirrhosis

A. Urobilinogen
B. Bilirubin
C. Haemoglobin
D. Nitrite

Which of the following components is a waste product that is produced by the liver from the hemoglobin of RBCs
that are removed from circulation.

A. Urobilinogen
B. Bilirubin
C. Haemoglobin
D. Nitrite

The presence of this components in urine is an early indicator of liver disease and can occur before clinical
symptoms such as jaundice develop.

A. Urobilinogen
B. Bilirubin
C. Haemoglobin
D. Nitrite

When urine urobilinogen is low or absent in a person with urine bilirubin and/or signs of liver dysfunction, it can
indicate the presence of

A. Hepatic obstruction
B. Anemia
C. UTI
D. Diabetes mellitus

They can form when a person does not eat enough carbohydrates (for example, in cases of starvation or high-
protein diets) or when a person's body cannot use carbohydrates properly.

A. Ketones

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B. Glucose
C. Albumin
D. Protein

Severe exercise, exposure to cold, and loss of carbohydrates, such as with frequent vomiting, can also increase fat
metabolism, resulting in _____

A. Ketonuria
B. Hemoglobinuria
C. Glucosuria
D. Proteinuria

A Diet can be used to modify urine pH.

A. True
B. False
C. Not given
D. Either

When glucosuria occurs, other tests such as blood glucose are usually performed to further identify the specific
cause.

A. True
B. False
C. Not given
D. Either

For instance, contamination of urine with blood from hemorrhoids or vaginal bleeding can be distinguished from a
bleed in the urinary tract.

A. True
B. False
C. Not given
D. Either

Normally, a few white blood cells (see microscopic examination) are present in urine and this test is positive

A. True
B. False
C. Not given
D. Either

II. ENUMERATION

2 main forms of non-enzymatic browning

4 conditions that can cause glucosuria
2 EXAMPLES OF MAILLARD REACTION
5 EXAMPLES THAT CAUSE A MELANOIDINS DUE TO NON-ENZYMATIC BROWNING
10 MOST FREQUENTLY PERFORMED CHEMICAL TESTS USING REAGENT TEST STRIPS
6 conditions that can produce proteinuria
haemoglobin in the urine