FWA v1

1.The sum of the attractive and repulsive forces operating between the antigenic
determinant and the combining site of the antibody is known as

A. epitope
B. affinity
C. antigen
D. avidity

2.The bile salts aid in the emulsification of dietary fats in the intestines. The bile salts are
made up of bile acids that have been conjugated with

A. glucose
B. amino acids
C. glucuronic acid
D. sulfate

3. A molecule that will react as part of an assay so that a change in signal, can be measured
in the blood: reagent solution is known as a

A. epitope
B. primary antibody
C. label
D. secondary antibody

4. Which of the following lipoproteins is the smallest in size?

A. HDL
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. Chylomicrons

5. The function of the PSA that is not recognized by any of the commercial PSA assays is

A. PSA a-1 antichymotrypsin

B. PSA complex
C. PSA a-2 macroglobulin complex
D. free PSA

6.Which of the following procedure represent the gold standard first line treatment for men
with recurrent prostate cancer

A. Testosterone suppressions
B. Bisphosphonates administration
C. Chemotherapy
7.What are the three basic steps and conventional PCR

A. Denaturation, Annealing and Strand displacement

B. Denaturation, Annealing and Extension
C. Strand displacement, Synthesis and Release
D. Reverse transcription, Annealing and Release

8. The primary circulating androgen in the prostate gland

A. progesterone
B. dihydrotesterone
C. testosterone
D. a-1 reductase

9. Each lipoprotein fraction is composed of varying amounts of lipid and protein

components. The beta lipoprotein fraction consists primarily of

A. lecithin
B. cholesterol
C. triacylglycerol
D. phospholipids

10. Which of the following characteristic feature is not true of a homogenous immunoassay
technique?

A. less time consuming.

B. does not disturb the reaction equilibrium.
C. prevent accurate quantification of binding.
D. requires no separation of bound and free species.

11. The second hydroxylation of Vitamin D (dihydroxycholecalciferol) occurs in the

A. skin
B. liver
C. small intestine
D. kidney

12. The single most important test in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia the
measurement of level.

A. Vitamin D
B. PTH
C. Calcium
D. phosphate
13. The defect in Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by

A. overproduction of apoB100
B. LDL receptor deficiency
C. Defective remnant binding to LDL
D. overproduction of apoB48

14. Endogenous triglycerides are formed in the

A. intestine
B. liver and adipose tissue
C. lungs
D. blood

15. When the actions of PTH are reduced or lost, maintenance of homeostasis is impaired,
resulting in
A. hypercalcemia, hyperphosphotaemia and hypocalciuria
B. hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalciuria
C. hypercalcemia, hypophosphotaemia and hypercalciuria
D. hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypercalciuria

16. Which of the following equation represents the Nernst equation?

A. E = Eo (RT / nZ) lnQ

B. E = Eo (RT / nG) lnQ
C. E = Eo (RT / nF) lnZ
D. E = Eo (RT / nf) InQ

17. Which of the following is an example of a pH meter?

A. A fuel cell.
B. An electrolytic cell
C. a reference electrode
D. An ion-selective electrode

18. Most of the plasma T is transported in the blood bound to

A. TBPA
B. TBG
C. thyroglobulin
D. albumin
19. Currently the best screening test for the diagnosis of thyroid disease is

A. Free Ta
B. Total Ta
C. TSH
D. Free T3

20.In an enzyme based potentiometric biosensensor for urea, urease is trapped between a
dialysis membrane and a ___________ permeable membrane.

A. hydrogen
B. gas
C. silicone
D. chloride

1. An example of precipitation reaction technique is Quiz 1

A. Radioimmunoassay
B. Capillary cell precipitation
C. Radial immunodiffusion
D. ELISA

2. What are ELISA plates with antigen-coated wells used to measure?

A. Plates coated with an antigen can be used to test for the presence of haptens to that
antigen in serum samples.

B. Plates coated with an antigen can be used to test for the presence of proteins to that
antigen in serum samples.

C. Plates coated with an antigen can be used to test for the presence of antibodies to
that antigen in serum samples.

D. Plates coated with an antigen can be used to test for the presence of toxins to that
antigen in serum samples.

3. As the concentration of the unlabeled antigen increases the concentration of labeled

antigen (tracer) that binds to the antibody decrease, is a description of which assay design?

A. Competitive assay.
B. Non-competitive assay
C. Sandwich assay to detect antigen
D. Sandwich assay to detect antibody
4. The target molecule type for southern blotting is

A. RNA
B. DNA
C. Protein
D. Lipids

5. Choose the correct statement with regards the Western blot technique?

A. This technique is used to detect DNA that codes for different proteins
B. SDS is used to denature the protein and adds an overall positive charge
C. The PAGE of SDS treated proteins allows the separation of proteins based their
molecular weight
D. This technique is used to detect RNA that is translated to different proteins

6. Choose the correct statement with regard to precipitation reactions?

A. A method of labelled immunoassay

B. A soluble antibody reacts with an insoluble complex
C. The antigen must have only one epitope per molecule
D. Precipitation can occur using a mixture of monoclonal antibodies

7. Which of the following is immobilized on the microtiter well in sandwich ELISA?

A. Detection antibody
B. Sample
C. Capture antibody
D. Secondary antibody conjugated to an enzyme.

8.The detection method used to detect 125 I and 131 I in RIA is

A. Photometer
B. Fluorometer
C. Gamma Counter
D. Liquid scintillation counter

9. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay

A. is a truly heterogenous technique

B. requires the separation of bound and free species
C. uses monochromatic light
D. the emitted light is measured only in the vertical plane.
10. Western blotting expands on the idea of ELISA by allowing separation of the protein mix
by
A. Size, polarity, and / or conformation
B. the separation of bound and free species
C. size, polarity, and / or confirmation.
D. size, charge, and/or conformation.

11. Antibodies are capable of binding with foreign substances

A. covalently with high affinities and to inactivate them.

B. noncovalently with low affinities and thus to activate them,
C. noncovalently with high affinities and thus to inactivate them.
D. covalently with low affinities and thus to inactivate them.

12. Which of the following statement is true with regards to the interaction between an
antigen and antibody?

A. The interactions between an antigen and an antibody involves various strong

interactions.
B. The interactions are between the epitope and the variable-region (VH /VL) B.
domain of the antibody molecule.
C. The interactions include van der Waals, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds.

D. The interactions are between the epitope and the antigenic determinant.

13. Cross reactions arise because

A. it has an epitope which is structurally similar to one on the immunizing antigen.

B. the cross-reacting antigen does not share an epitope in common with the
immunizing antigen.
C. It has a variable region that has a close fit with the immunizing antigen.
A. In some cases, antibodies share binding with other antibodies.

14. In the precipitation reactions, soluble antibodies that aggregate soluble antigens are
called

A. aggregates
B. precipitinogen
C. precipitins
D. antigens

15. In molecular hybridization, it is essential that the probe and target are initially

A. double stranded.
B. single stranded.
C. having hydrogen bonds.
D. covalently linked with both double strand and single strand DNA.
 Quiz 2

1.What Fredrickson classification of the hyperlipoproteinemia shows only an increase in

chylomicrons?

A. Fredrickson Type I
B. Fredrickson Type lIB
C. Fredrickson Type III
D. Fredrickson Type IV

2. The turbid or milky appearance of serum after fat ingestion is termed postprandial
lipemia. This lipemic appearance is caused by the presence of

A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicrons

3. Lecithin is made up of a triacylglycerol backbone, with a phosphate group and a

A. taurine
B. choline
C. fatty acid
D. HDL

4. Chylomicrons are formed in the

A. liver Cells
B. adipose tissue
C. cardiac muscle
D. intestinal mucosal cells

5. With which amino acids does cholesterol join to make bile acids?

A. Glycine and tyrosine

B. B Glycine and taurine
C. Lysine and taurine
D. Glutamine and tryptophan

6. The triglycerides of chylomicrons are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase and

A. Chylomicrons are released

B. Free fatty acids are released.
C. Free cholesterol is released
D. LDLS are released.
7. In the endogenous pathway, the packaging of hepatic triglycerides with the other major
components of the nascent VLDL particle requires the action of the enzyme

A. lecithin cholesterol-acyl transferase

B. microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
C. lipoprotein lipase
D. cholesterol-acyl transfer lipase

8. In the digestive tract, triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed by the enzyme lipase to release glycerol
and

A. free fatty acids

B. fatty acids
C. Cholesterol
D. monoglycerides

9. Endogenous triglycerides are formed in

A. the intestine
B. the lungs
C. the liver and adipose tissue
D. the blood

10. The enzyme lipoprotein lipase is located on

A. The chylomicron
B. The Apo Cll apolipoprotein
C. The HDL lipoprotein
D. Capillary walls

11. In the endogenous lipid pathway, the lipids are transported from the liver in

A. VLDL
B. HDL
C. LDL
D. Chylomicrons

12. HDL transports cholesterol from

A. tissue cells to the intestine

B. intestine to the tissue cells
C. tissue cells to the liver
D. liver to the tissue cells
13. The lipoprotein that contains the largest amount cholesterol is

A. Chylomicrons
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. HDL

14. The lipoprotein responsible for stimulating LCAT is

A. APO A-1
B. APO B
C. APO E
D. APO C

15. VLDL particles resemble chylomicrons in protein composition but contain

A. Apo E rather than Apo B100

B. Apo B 48 rather than Apo B100
A. Apo B100 rather than Apo B 48
C. Apo B100 rather than Apo E

16. The defect in Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by

A. overproduction of apoB 100

B. LDL receptor deficiency
C. defective remnant binding to LDL
D. overproduction apoB 48

17. What is the primary lipoprotein secreted from the liver that is at least partially
composed of dietary derived lipids?

A. VLDL
A. HDL
B. LDL
C. Chylomicrons

18. In what form are exogenous triglycerides transported in the plasma?

A. Phospholipids
B. Cholesterol esters
C. Chylomicrons
D. Free fatty acids
19. The dietary fats are transported as

A. micelles
B. liposomes
C. chylomicrons
D. fatty acid-Albumin Complex

20. Which of the following is an incorrect statement with regards to bile salt?

A. It is hydrophobic in nature
B. These are detergent substances
C. It is stored in the gallbladder
D. It is made up of cholic acid

Mid term

1. Which of the following is immobilized on the microtiter well in a Direct ELISA?

A. Detection Antibody
B. Sample antibody
C. Antigen
D. Secondary Antibody conjugated to an enzyme

2. In a Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay based on the property whereby when a

fluorescently labeled molecule is excited by polarized light emits light with a degree of
polarization that is________ proportional to the rate of_________

A. directly, inhibition
B. horizontally, molecular rotation
C. directly, molecular polarization
D. inversely, molecular rotation

3. The restriction that is associated in the chemiluminescent immunoassay is that the

reaction

A. must have higher background.

A. in conjugation step must not affect luminescence
B. must not use any type of acridinium labeled antibody
C. must use several steps
4. The probe used in Western blotting is a

A. complementary sequence of RNA or DNA

B. complementary sequence of an antigen
C. monoclonal antibody
D. conjugated amino acid

5. For DNA hybridization, the two strands must be separated by thermal or chemical
treatment, a process called

A. excision
B. denaturation
C. annealing
D. conjugation

6. The binding of a DNA probe or the binding of a primer to a DNA strand during a
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is defined

A. Tag polymerase
B. annealing
C. conjugation
D. adherence

7. What Fredrickson classification of the hyperlipoproteinemia shows a turbid with a creamy

the top layer in appearance?

A. Fredrickson Type V
B. Fredrickson Type IIB
C. Fredrickson Type III
D. Fredrickson Type IV

8. The serum lipoprotein that has the highest density is

A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicrons

9. On an electrophoretic strip, the chylomicrons may be located in the

A. alpha 1 band
B. origin
C. Beta band
D. pre beta band
10. Chylomicrons are formed in the _____ pathway.

A. exogenous
B. reverse
C. converse
D. endogenous

11. With which amino acids does cholesterol join to make bile acids?

A. Glycine and tyrosine

B. Glycine and taurine
C. Lysine and taurine
D. Glutamine and tryptophan

12. The triglycerides consist of ______each molecule esterified with 3 molecules of _______

A. taurine, glycine
B. LDLS, HDLs
C. glycerol, fatty acid
D. fatty acid, free cholesterol

13. In the endogenous pathway, the packaging of hepatic triglycerides with the other major
components of the nascent VLDL particle requires the action of the enzyme

A. Lecithin cholesterol-acyl transferase

B. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
C. Lipoprotein lipase
D. Lecithin triglyceride transfer protein

14. In the digestive tract, triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed by the enzyme lipase to release
glycerol and

A. free fatty acids

B. fatty acids
C. cholesterol
D. monoglycerides

15.Endogenous triglycerides are formed in the.

A. intestine
B. liver and adipose tissue
C. blood
D. lungs
16.The enzyme lipoprotein lipase is located on the

A. chylomicron
B. Apo CIl apolipoprotein
C. HDL lipoprotein
D. capillary walls

17. In the cuboidal cells of thyroid, Ta and Ta are bound to which of the following protein?

A. Thyroxin Binding Globulin

B. Thyroid Stimulating Immunogloibulin (TSI)
C. Albumin
D. Thyroglobulins

18. The major phospholipid in human bile is

A. triglyceride
B. phoshate
C. lecithin
D. albumim

19. VLDL particles resemble chylomicrons in protein composition but contain

A. Apo E rather than Apo B100

B. Apo B 48 rather than Apo B100
C. Apo B100 rather than Apo B 48
D. Apo B100 rather than Apo E

20. The defect in Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by

A. overproduction of apoB 100

B. LDL receptor deficiency
C. defective remnant binding to LDL
D. overproduction apoB 48
1. The detector for H tritium label in immunoassays is _____
• Amino acids
2. The physiologically active calcium in the body is ___
• Ionized calcium
3. Nascent chylomicrons are secreted into the intestinal lymph and delivered via __
• Thoracic duct
4. Prostate cancer is stimulated by ____
• Testosterone
5. On an electrophoretic strip, the VLDL may be located in the ____
• Beta band
6. The separation of the bound from the free labelled species is the basis for all of the
following techniques except _____
• Homogenous assay
7. In an electrolytic cell, the half-cell where reduction takes place is on the ____
• Cathode