Composite Hydrograph

• Example 5
– Given is hydrograph
y g p resultingg from two storms
each of 6 hours duration. The rainfall of first storm
is 0.8 cm and that of second storm is 0.6 cm each
of 6 hr duration. Separate the hydrograph of both
storms and find 6 hr unit hydrograph
y g p for each
storm.
` SSolution
l i
` The following steps illustrate the procedure
◦ Total rainfall is 0.8 + 0.6 = 1.4 cm. The contribution of
second storm relative to the first storm is 0.6 / 0.8 =
0.75. The ordinates of first hydrograph are, therefore
obtained by subtracting effect of second hydrograph
from composite hydrograph. Since second storm occurs
6 hours
h l t than
later th theth first
fi t one, the
th first
fi t ordinate
di t off
composite hydrograph is due to contribution of first
storm. Therefore first ordinate of first hydrograph
y g p is 750
‐ 0 = 750.
– The second ordinate is obtained by subtracting
(0.6 / 0.8) x 750 = 562.50 from second ordinate
of composite hydrograph i.e. 1400 ‐ 562.50 =
837.50. The third ordinate of first storm
hydrograph is obtained by subtracting 0.75 x
837.50 = 628.12 from third ordinate of
composite hydrograph i.e. 1671.88 and so on.
The calculations are shown in table
– The ordinates of second hydrograph are
obtained simply by subtracting ordinates of first
hydrograph from composite hydrograph.
– For unit hydrograph ordinates , we can do the
usual procedure already studied.
Date Time Composit Date Time Composite Date Time Composit
(Hours e (Hours Hydrograph (Hours e
) Hydrograp ) (cumecs) ) Hydrograp
h h
(cumecs) (cumecs)
22-04-
22 04 25-04-
25 04 27-04-
27 04
65 0 - 65 60 19,100.00 65 120 3,300.00
6 750.00 66 15,000.00 126 2,900.00
12 1 400 00
1,400.00 72 11 400 00
11,400.00 132 2 600 00
2,600.00
18 2,300.00 78 9,300.00 138 2,100.00
23-04- 28-04-
65 24 3 000 00
3,000.00 84 7 800 00
7,800.00 65 144 1 700 00
1,700.00
30 7,000.00 90 6,300.00 150 1,300.00
26-04-
36 13,000.00 65 96 5,700.00 156 900.00
42 23,000.00 102 4,800.00 162 600.00
24-04- 29-04-
65 48 29,700.00
, 108 4,000.00
, 65 168 -
54 25,000.00 114 3,700.00
Date Time Composite First 6 Hour Second 6 Hour 6 Hour Unit 6 Hour Unit
Hydrograph Hydrograph Hydrograph Hydrograph Hydrograph
(First Storm) (Second
Storm)
(Hours) (cumecs) (0.8 cm) (0.6 cm)
22-04-65 0 - - - -
6 750.00 750.00 - 937.50 -
12 1,400.00 837.50 562.50 1,046.88 937.50
18 2,300.00 1,671.88 628.13 2,089.84 1,046.88
23-04-65 24 3,000.00 1,746.09 1,253.91 2,182.62 2,089.84
30 7,000.00 5,690.43 1,309.57 7,113.04 2,182.62
36 13,000.00 8,732.18 4,267.82 10,915.22 7,113.04
42 23,000.00
, 16,450.87
, 6,549.13
, 20,563.58
, 10,915.22
,
24-04-65 48 29,700.00 17,361.85 12,338.15 21,702.31 20,563.58
54 25,000.00 11,978.61 13,021.39 14,973.27 21,702.31
60 19 100 00
19,100.00 10 116 04
10,116.04 8 983 96
8,983.96 12 645 05
12,645.05 14 973 27
14,973.27
66 15,000.00 7,412.97 7,587.03 9,266.21 12,645.05
Date Time Composite First 6 Hour Second 6 Hour 6 Hour Unit 6 Hour Unit
Hydrograph Hydrograph Hydrograph Hydrograph Hydrograph
(First Storm) (Second
Storm)
(Hours) (cumecs) (0.8 cm) (0.6 cm)
25-04-65 72 11,400.00 5,840.27 5,559.73 7,300.34 9,266.21
78 9,300.00 4,919.80 4,380.20 6,149.74 7,300.34
84 7,800.00 4,110.15 3,689.85 5,137.69 6,149.74
90 6,300.00
, 3,217.38
, 3,082.62
, 4,021.73
, 5,137.69
,
26-04-65 96 5,700.00 3,286.96 2,413.04 4,108.70 4,021.73
102 4,800.00 2,334.78 2,465.22 2,918.47 4,108.70
108 4 000 00
4,000.00 2 248 92
2,248.92 1 751 08
1,751.08 2 811 14
2,811.14 2 918 47
2,918.47
114 3,700.00 2,013.31 1,686.69 2,516.64 2,811.14
27-04-65 120 3,300.00 1,790.02 1,509.98 2,237.52 2,516.64
126 2,900.00 1,557.49 1,342.51 1,946.86 2,237.52
132 2,600.00 1,431.88 1,168.12 1,789.85 1,946.86
138 2 100 00
2,100.00 1 026 09
1,026.09 1 073 91
1,073.91 1 282 61
1,282.61 1 789 85
1,789.85
Date Time Composite First 6 Hour Second 6 Hour 6 Hour Unit 6 Hour Unit
Hydrograph Hydrograph Hydrograph Hydrograph Hydrograph
(First Storm) (Second
S
Storm)
)

(Hours) (cumecs) (0.8 cm) (0.6 cm)

28-04-65 144 1,700.00 930.43 769.57 1,163.04 1,282.61

150 1,300.00 602.17 697.83 752.72 1,163.04

156 900 00
900.00 448 37
448.37 451 63
451.63 560 46
560.46 752 72
752.72

162 600.00 263.72 336.28 329.65 560.46

29 04 65
29-04-65 168 - - - - -
 SEPARATION OF COMPOSITE HYDROGRAPH
35,000

30,000

25 000
25,000
e (cumec))

20,000
Discharge

15,000

10,000

5,000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time (Hours)

Composite Hydrograph First 6 hr Hydrograph Second 6 hr Hydrograph

 – Develop a complex hydrograph for the following data given
in Table 10
10, Take R2 / R1 = 1
1.2
2

Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

q1 0 200 400 1000 2800 1400 900 700 480 200 0

– Table below gives calculations for determination of q2 & Q, in
which ordinates of q2 have been calculated by using a modified
but simple
p formula ggiven in the table.

n TIME q1 Ordinates of Discharge Q of complex

q2=(R2/R1)xq1(n-1) hydrograph
0 1 0 0
1 2 200 0 200
2 3 400 240 640
3 4 1000 480 1480
4 5 2800 1200 4000
5 6 1400 3360 4760
6 7 900 1680 2580
7 8 700 1080 1780
8 9 480 840 1320
9 10 200 576 776
10 11 0 240 240
11 12 0 0
• Composite hydrograph along with component hydrograph

COMPLEX HYDROGRAPH
6000

5000

4000
ARGE
DISCHA

3000

2000

1000

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

TIME
• Example
– Repeat
p previous p
p problem for the case when
ordinates of Q are given (as shown in Table
below)) for its separation
p into its components
p q1
q
& q2 with R2/R1 =1.2
n TIME Discharge Q Ordinates of q1 = Ordinates of
of complex Qn - (R1/R2) x q1(n-1). q2 = (R1/R2)xq1(n-1).
hydrograph
0 1 0 0
1 2 200 200 0
2 3 640 400 240
3 4 1480 1000 480
4 5 4000 2800 1200
5 6 4760 1400 3360
6 7 2580 900 1680
7 8 1780 700 1080
8 9 1320 480 840
9 10 776 200 576
10 11 240 0 240
11 12 0 0
 COMPONENTS OF A COMPLEX HYDROGRAPH

6000
5000
ARGE

4000
DISCHA

3000
2000
1000
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
TIME
 – Develop a complex hydrograph for the following data given
in Table, Take
R2 / R1 = 1.2 and R3 / R1 = 1.5

Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

q1 0 200 400 1000 2800 1400 900 700 480 200 0

• Solution
– Table below ggives calculations for determination
of q2, q3 and Q, in which ordinates of q2, q3 have
been calculated byy usingg modified but simple
p
formulae given in the table.
n TIME q1 Ordinates of Ordinates of Discharge Q of
q2=(R1/R2)xq1(n-1). q3=(R1/R3)xq1(n-2). complex
hydrograph

(1) (2) (3) (1) + (2) + (3)

0 1 0 0

1 2 200 0 200

2 3 400 240 0 640

3 4 1000 480 300 1780

4 5 2800 1200 600 4600

5 6 1400 3360 1500 6260

6 7 900 1680 4200 6780

7 8 700 1080 2100 3880

8 9 480 840 1350 2670

9 10 200 576 1050 1826

10 11 0 240 720 960

11 12 0 300 300

12 13 0 0
 COMPLEX HYDROGRAPH

8000
7000
6000
GE
CHARG

5000
4000
DISC

3000
2000
1000
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
TIME
– Repeat example 8 for the case when ordinates of
Q are given (as shown in Table below) for its
separation into its components q1, q2 & q3 with
R1/R2 =1.2 & R1/R3 =1.5.
N Time Discharge Q Ordinates of Ordinates of Ordinates of
of complex q1 = Qn - (R1/R2)xq1(n-1) - q2 = (R1/R2)x q1(n-1). q3=(R1/R3)x q1(n-2).
hydrograph (R1/R3)xq1(n-2).

0 1 0 0
1 2 200 200 0
2 3 640 400 240 0
3 4 1780 1000 480 300
4 5 4600 2800 1200 600
5 6 6260 1400 3360 1500
6 7 6780 900 1680 4200
7 8 3880 700 1080 2100
8 9 2670 480 840 1350
9 10 1826 200 576 1050
10 11 960 0 240 720
11 12 300 0 300
12 13 0 0
 COMPONENTS OF A COMPLEX
HYDROGRAPH

8000
GE
DISCHARG

6000
4000
2000
0
0 5 10 15
TIME
Synthetic Unit Hydrograph
• The unit hydrograph
y g p estimated from rainfall
runoff records of a specific catchment can only
be app
applied
ed to tthat
at catc
catchment.
e t

• M
Many catchments
t h t are ungauged,
d so there
th i no
is
rainfall or runoff data available to develop
unit
it hydrograph
h d h model.
d l

• Sythetic unit hydrograph can therefore be

estimated from a set of equation derived from
regression analysis of gauged catchments
which may be of the form
• L is the main river channel length
• S is the main channel slope
• I is the percentage of imperviousness in
area
• A iss catc
catchment
e taarea
ea
• ɸ is linked with channel roughness