11.

1 Floating and sinking

1. a. Missing words in order: smaller, less.
b. The same size as.
2. a. When a submarine's tanks are filled with water they increase the mass of the
submarine and therefore its density. If the density of the submarine is greater than
that of water it will submerge.
b. Air is pumped into the tanks and water out to the surface. Air is less dense than
water and so the submarine's mass and density decreases until it is less than that
of the water.
3. a. F b. F c. F d. T e. F

Extension
The density of the submarine when its tanks are filled with air is
8 000 000 kg/10 000 m3 = 800 kg/m3. This is less than the density of water, so it
will float. However, when the outer tanks are full the density of the submarine
changes to (8 000 000 + 6 500 000)/10 000 m3 = 1450 kg/m3. This is greater than
the density of water, so it will sink.