Lớp Tiếng Anh thầy Tiểu Đạt

A. CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

I. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI I
1. Cấu trúc (Form)
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN If + S + V (HTĐ), S + will/can/must/may/should + V
(Conditionals) Câu mệnh lệnh
2. Cách dùng (Use)
Biên soạn và trực tiếp giảng dạy: Diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra hoặc có thể thực hiện được ở
Thầy Lưu Tiến Đạt hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Eg: If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.
She’ll go to university if she does well in her exams.
If you’re free later, you can come with us.
If you arrive late, use your key to get in.

II. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI II

Chú ý: Câu điều kiện loại 0: diễn tả một sự thật hiển 1. Cấu trúc (Form)
nhiên, một quy luật tự nhiên hoặc một hành động xảy ra If + S + V (QKĐ), S + would/could/might + V
thường xuyên
Eg: If you heat ice, it melts.
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
If metal gets hot, it expands.
Diễn tả một sự việc không thể xảy ra hoặc không thể
There are few jobs for young people if the economy is thực hiện được ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
bad.
Eg: If she changed her job, she’d be much happier.
If I get ill, I rest in bed. What would you do if you were bitten by a snake?
If I won a lot of money, I might buy a house.
If it stopped raining, we could go out.
If I could understand his lectures, I’m sure I’d
learn a lot from him.
 Chú ý: Động từ “be” trong mệnh đề “If” thường được chia III. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI III
thành “were” cho tất cả các ngôi 1. Cấu trúc (Form)
Eg: If Rich were rich, he would have a yacht. If + S + had + P.P, S + would/could/might + have + P.P
The product would attract more customers if it were
less expensive. 2. Cách dùng (Use)
If I were you, I wouldn’t phone him. Diễn tả một sự việc không thể xảy ra hoặc không thể thực
hiện được ở quá khứ
Eg: If I had worked harder, I would have passed my
exams.
If you had told me about your plans earlier, I could
have arranged to meet you.
If the police had arrived sooner, they might have
caught the burglars.
I didn’t go out last night. I would have gone out if I
hadn’t been so tired.

B. ĐẢO NGỮ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

Chú ý: Câu điều kiện loại mixed: diễn tả điều kiện giả
định ở quá khứ và kết quả không thực hiện được ở hiện
tại
If + S + had + P.P, S + would/could/might + V
Eg: If she had followed my advice, she would be
richer now.
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you
would be better now.
I. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại I
If + S + V (HTĐ), S + will/can/may + V
 Should + S + V (không chia), S + will/can/may + V
Eg: If he runs, he will get there on time.
 Should he run, he will get there on time.
If the drought continues, many people will be forced to
leave their villages.
 Should the drought continue, many people will be
forced to leave their villages.
II. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại II III. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại III

1. If + S + V (QKĐ), S + would/could/might + V If + S + had + P.P, S + would/could/might + have + P.P

 Were + S + to V, S + would/could/might + V  Had + S + P.P, S + would/could/might + have + P.P
Eg: If I were rich, I would buy that villa. Eg: If they had asked me, I could have given them some
 Were I rich, I would buy that villa. advice.
 Had they asked me, I could have given them some
advice.
2. If + S + were + …, S + would/could/might + V
 Were + S + …, S + would/could/might + V
If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work.
 Were I to live near my office, I’d be in time for
work.

C. CÁC CÁCH KHÁC ĐỂ DIỄN TẢ ĐIỀU KIỆN

Chú ý: Nếu mệnh đề If phủ định, khi đảo ngữ ta để NOT I. UNLESS (NẾU … KHÔNG; TRỪ KHI)
sau chủ ngữ:
Trong câu điều kiện có thật, ta có thể thay thế if … not
Eg: If you don’t believe what I say, ask your mother. bằng unless.
 Should you not believe what I say, ask your mother. Eg: Unless the rain stops, we’ll cancel the game.
If she were not shy, she would enjoy parties. You can’t get a job unless you have the experience.
 Were she not shy, she would enjoy parties.
If I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have
believed it.
 Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have
believed it.
 Trong câu điều kiện không có thật, ta thường không dùng
unless. II. IN CASE/IN CASE OF
Eg: Your work would be much better if you weren’t always 1. In case + S + V (PHÒNG TRƯỜNG HỢP, PHÒNG KHI)
in such a hurry. Eg: In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.
Your work would be much better unless you were Chú ý: Phân biệt If và In case:
always in such a hurry.
- in case dùng để chỉ sự đề phòng
If we hadn’t worked so hard, we would never have
Eg: Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.
finished the project on time.
- if dùng để chỉ điều kiện
Unless we had worked so hard, we would never have
finished the project on time. Eg: Take your umbrella with you if it rains.

2. In case of + N (TRONG TRƯỜNG HỢP CÓ, TRONG

TRƯỜNG HỢP XẢY RA)
Eg: In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.

III. PROVIDED/PROVIDING (THAT); AS/SO LONG AS; IV. SUPPOSE/SUPPOSING (THAT); ASSUMING (THAT)
ON (THE) CONDITION THAT; ONLY IF (MIỄN LÀ, VỚI (GIẢ SỬ)
ĐIỀU KIỆN LÀ) Suppose/Supposing (that)
Provided/Providing (that) Assuming (that) + S+V
As/So long as Imagine (that)
+ S+V
On (the) condition that Eg: Suppose we miss the train, what will we do then?
Only if Supposing you won the lottery, what would you do
Eg: We’ll go up to the mountains this week as long as the with the money?
weather’s okay. Assuming that you get a place at university, how are
You can have a pet provided that you promise to look you going to finance your studies?
after it properly. Imagine you were president, how would you change
I’ll come to the party on the condition that you don’t the country?
wear those ridiculous trousers!
Anyone can join the course only if there is space
available.
 VI. BUT FOR/WITHOUT (NẾU KHÔNG CÓ, NẾU KHÔNG
V. OTHERWISE (NẾU KHÔNG THÌ)
XẢY RA)
Eg: If her director didn’t pay her good salary, she wouldn’t
work longer. But for/Without + N/V-ing
 Her director pays her good salary. Otherwise, she Eg: But for a good strategy, the company might not
wouldn’t work longer. survive in this competitive market.
If you hadn’t given us the directions, we wouldn’t have But for her guidance, I couldn’t have improved my
found the house. skills as quickly.
 You gave us the directions; otherwise, we wouldn’t Without your support, I would be struggling to
have found the house. achieve my goals.
Without more time, I wouldn’t have been able to
complete the project to the best of my abilities.

Chú ý: Cấu trúc:

But for/Without + N/V-ing
= If + it + not be + for + N/V-ing
= If + S + V (not)
Eg: But for/Without a reliable internet connection, we
wouldn’t be able to work remotely.
 If it weren’t for a reliable internet connection, we
wouldn’t be able to work remotely.

Eg: But for/Without your help, we would have been in

trouble.
 If it hadn’t been for your help, we would have
been in trouble.
 If you hadn’t helped us, we would have been in
trouble.