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Chapter One
Chemistry in Context
Throughout human history, people have tried to convert
matter into more useful forms.
Figure 1.1: Knowledge of chemistry is central to understanding a wide range of scientific disciplines. This diagram shows
just some of the interrelationships between chemistry and other fields.
Composition of Matter
• Matter - Everything in
universe is composed of
matter
• Matter is anything that occupies space or
has mass
• Mass – quantity of matter
an object has
• Weight – pull of gravity
on an object
• The force that
gravity exerts on an
object
•Solid
• Molecules are tightly linked.
• Little energy
•Liquid
• Molecules are not as tightly
linked
• Medium amount of energy
• Tocause a substance to
change state, thermal energy
(heat) must be added to or
removed from a substance
Reading Assignment:
Physical and Chemical Properties
Extensive and Intensive Property
Reading Assignment:
SI Base Units (Length, Mass, Temperature, and Time).
Derived SI Units (Volume, Density)
add/subtract 14.3
+ 220.75
235.05 = 235.1
1. Keep everything to the left of the decimal
2. Keep only the places in common to the right of the decimal
3. Use the last digit dropped to round
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Accuracy
Amy:
15.5 cm, 15.0 cm, 15.2 cm, 15.3 cm
High Accuracy
High Precision High Precision
Low Accuracy
Three
targets
with three
arrows each
to shoot.
Both Precise Neither
How do
accurate but not accurate
they
and accurate nor
compare?
precise precise
High
Accuracy
Low Accuracy Low Accuracy
High
Low Precision High Precision Precision
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Accuracy,
3. Precision, and Error
1
• The percent error is the absolute value of the error divided by the
accepted value, multiplied by 100%.
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SUMMARY
• accepted value: a quantity used by general agreement of
the scientific community
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Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
Example:1 m
= 100 = 1 or 1m = 100 = 1
1 m cm1m 100 cm
100
cm cm
conversion factors
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• Conversion Factors
• Exercise the conversion factors from your module!!!!