Energy Examples

Example 6
You throw a 0.145 𝑘𝑔 baseball straight up, giving it an initial velocity of
magnitude 20.0 𝑚/𝑠. Find how high it goes, ignoring air resistance.

Given: 𝑚 = 0.145 𝑘𝑔; 𝑣1 = 20.0 𝑚/𝑠

Find 𝑦2 , max when 𝑣2 = 0
Solution:
𝐾1 + 𝑈1 = 𝐾2 + 𝑈2
Note: 𝑈1 = 𝐾2 = 0 because 𝑦1 = 𝑣2 = 0.
𝐾1 = 𝑈2
1
𝑚𝑣12 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦2
2
𝑣12 20.0 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑦2 = =
2𝑔 2 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝒚𝟐 ≈ 𝟐𝟎. 𝟒 𝒎
Example 7
In the preceding example suppose your hand moves upward by 0.50 𝑚 while you are throwing the
ball. The ball leaves your hand with an upward velocity of 20.0 𝑚/𝑠. (a) Find the magnitude of the
force (assumed constant) that your hand exerts on the ball. (b) Find the speed of the ball at a point
15.0 𝑚 above the point where it leaves your hand. Ignore air resistance.
Given: 𝑑 = 0.50 𝑚; 𝑣2 = 20.0 𝑚/𝑠; 𝑣1 = 0
Let: 𝑦2 = 0; 𝑦1 = −𝑑; 𝑦3 = 15.0𝑚
Solution: (a)
𝐾1 + 𝑈1 + 𝑊𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 = 𝐾2 + 𝑈2
Note, 𝐾1 = 𝑈2 = 0 because 𝑣1 = 𝑦2 = 0
𝑊𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 = 𝐾2 − 𝑈1
1
𝐹𝑑 = 𝑚𝑣22 − 𝑚𝑔𝑦1
2 2
𝑣2 𝑔 −𝑑 𝑣22
𝐹=𝑚 − =𝑚 +𝑔
2𝑑 𝑑 2𝑑
2
20.0 𝑚/𝑠
𝐹 = 0.145 𝑘𝑔 + 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 = 𝟓𝟗 𝑵
2 0.50 𝑚
Example 7
In the preceding example suppose your hand moves upward by 0.50 𝑚 while you are throwing the
ball. The ball leaves your hand with an upward velocity of 20.0 𝑚/𝑠. (a) Find the magnitude of the
force (assumed constant) that your hand exerts on the ball. (b) Find the speed of the ball at a point
15.0 𝑚 above the point where it leaves your hand. Ignore air resistance.
Given: 𝑑 = 0.50 𝑚; 𝑣2 = 20.0 𝑚/𝑠; 𝑣1 = 0
Let: 𝑦2 = 0; 𝑦1 = −𝑑; 𝑦3 = 15.0𝑚
Solution: (b)
𝐾2 + 𝑈2 = 𝐾3 + 𝑈3
Note: 𝑈2 = 0 because 𝑦2 = 0
𝐾2 = 𝐾3 + 𝑈3
1 1
𝑚𝑣2 = 𝑚𝑣32 + 𝑚𝑔𝑦3
2
2 2
𝑣3 = ± 𝑣22 − 2𝑔𝑦3
𝑣3 = ± 20.0 𝑚/𝑠 2 − 2(9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(0.15 𝑚)
𝒗𝟑 = ±𝟏𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
 Example 8
We want to slide a 12 𝑘𝑔 crate up a 2.5 𝑚-long ramp inclined at
30∘ . A worker, ignoring friction, calculates that he can do this by
giving it an initial speed of 5.0 𝑚/𝑠 at the bottom and letting it go.
But friction is not negligible; the crate slides only 1.6 𝑚 up the ramp,
stops, and slides back down (See figure). (a) Find the magnitude of
the friction force acting on the crate, assuming that it is constant. (b)
How fast is the crate moving when it reaches the bottom of the
ramp?
Given: 𝑚 = 12 𝑘𝑔; 𝑟 = 2.5 𝑚; 𝜃 = 30∘ ; 𝑣1 = 5.0 𝑚/𝑠; 𝑣2 = 0;
𝑑 = 1.6 𝑚; 𝑦1 = 𝑦3 = 0; 𝑦2 = 𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 1.6 𝑚 sin 30∘ = 0.8 𝑚
Solution: (a)
𝐾1 + 𝑈1 + 𝑊𝑓 = 𝐾2 + 𝑈2 → 𝑈1 = 𝐾2 = 0
𝑊𝑓 = 𝑈2 − 𝐾1 → 𝑊𝑓 = −𝑓𝑘 𝑑
1
−𝑓𝑘 𝑑 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦2 − 𝑚𝑣12
2 2
𝑚 𝑣1 12 𝑘𝑔 5.0𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑓𝑘 = − 𝑔𝑦2 = − 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 0.8 𝑚
𝑑 2 1.6 𝑚 2
𝒇𝒌 ≈ 𝟑𝟓 𝑵
 Example 8
We want to slide a 12 𝑘𝑔 crate up a 2.5 𝑚-long ramp inclined at 30∘ . A
worker, ignoring friction, calculates that he can do this by giving it an
initial speed of 5.0 𝑚/𝑠 at the bottom and letting it go. But friction is
not negligible; the crate slides only 1.6 𝑚 up the ramp, stops, and slides
back down (See figure). (a) Find the magnitude of the friction force
acting on the crate, assuming that it is constant. (b) How fast is the crate
moving when it reaches the bottom of the ramp?
Given: 𝑚 = 12 𝑘𝑔; 𝑟 = 2.5 𝑚; 𝜃 = 30∘ ; 𝑣1 = 5.0 𝑚/𝑠; 𝑣2 = 0;
𝑑 = 1.6 𝑚; 𝑦1 = 𝑦3 = 0; 𝑦2 = 𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 1.6 𝑚 sin 30∘ = 0.8 𝑚
Solution: (b)
𝐾2 + 𝑈2 + 𝑊𝑓 = 𝐾3 + 𝑈3 → 𝐾2 = 𝑈3 = 0
𝐾3 = 𝑈2 + 𝑊𝑓
1
𝑚𝑣32 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦2 − 𝑓𝑘 𝑑
2
𝑓𝑘 𝑑 2
35 𝑁 1.6 𝑚
𝑣3 = 2 𝑔𝑦2 − = 2 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 0.8 𝑚 −
𝑚 12 𝑘𝑔
𝒗𝟑 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
END