M.

SANDI PURNAMA ALAM

NIM.41421120001

PRAK.FISIKA
FORUM 14
Soal ke-1:

EXAMPLE 11-4 Spring calculations. A spring stretches 0.150 m when a 0.300-kg mass is
gently suspended from it as in Fig. 11-3b. The spring is then set up horizontally with the
0.300-kg mass resting on a frictionless table as in Fig. 11-5. The mass is pulled so that the
spring is stretched 0.100 m from the equilibrium point, and released from rest. Determine: (a)
the spring stiffness constant k; (b) the amplitude of the horizontal oscillation A: (c) the
magnitude of the maximum velocity Umax; (d) the magnitude of the velocity u when the mass
is 0.050 m from equilibrium; and (e) the magnitude of the maximum accelera- tion @max of
the mass.

Penyelesaian:
(a) the spring stiffness constant k;
𝐹 + 𝑚𝑔 = 0,
𝑚𝑔 + 𝐹𝑥 = 0,
𝑚𝑔 − 𝑘𝑥 = 0
𝑚𝑔 0,3 × 9,8
𝑘= = = 19,6 𝑁/𝑚
𝑥 0,15

(b) the amplitude of the horizontal oscillation A;

𝐴 = 0,1 𝑚

(c) the magnitude of the maximum velocity Vmax;

𝑣 = −𝜔𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + ∅)

𝑘
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜔𝐴 = √ 𝐴
𝑚

19,6
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0,1√
0,3

𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0,808𝑚/𝑠

(d) the magnitude of the velocity v when the mass is 0.050 m from equilibrium;
𝑣 = −𝜔𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + ∅)
 𝑘
𝑣 = 𝜔𝐴 = √ 𝐴
𝑚

19,6
𝑣 = 0,05√
0,3

𝑣 = 0,404𝑚/𝑠

(e) the magnitude of the maximum acceleration amax of the mass.

𝑎 = −𝜔2 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + ∅)
𝑘
𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜔2 𝐴 = 𝐴
𝑚
19,6
𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = × 0,1
0,3
𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 6,53𝑚/𝑠 2
Soal ke-2:

Large-Amplitude oscillations When the amplitude of a pendulum's os cillation becomes large,

its motion continues to be periodic, but it is no longer a simple harmonic. For an angular
amplitude d, the period can be shown to be given by

where To = 2n VL/g is the period for very small amplitudes. Figure 14-15 shows T/T, as a
function of amplitude

Example 14-9

A Pendulum Clock

A simple pendulum clock is calibrated to keep accurate time at an amplitude of 10 derajat

When the amplitude has decreased to the paint where it is very small, does the clock gain or
lose time? About how much time will the clock gain or lose in one day if the amplitude
remains very small

Penyelesaian:
1 1 1 3 2 1
𝑇 = 𝑇0 [1 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∅0 + 2 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 ∅0 + ∙ ∙ ∙]
2
2 2 2 4 2
Dimana,
1
𝑑𝑥
𝐾=∫
∝
√1 − 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2
2 √1 − 𝑥
0

Buat ∝ tidak begitu Panjang, kita mempunyai seri yang mengikuti expansi dari 𝑇∝ :
𝐿 𝜋 1 2 ∝ 1∙3 2 ∝
𝑇∝ = 4√ ∙ [1 + ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 + ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 + ∙ ∙ ∙]
𝑔 2 2 2 2∙4 2
∝ ∝
Memperkirakan 𝑠𝑖𝑛 dengan ,
2 2
 𝐿 ∝2
𝑇∝ = 2𝜋√ (1 + + ∙ ∙ ∙)
𝑔 16
1
Diperkirakan, ∝= 5 𝑟𝑎𝑑~10° maka,

𝐿 1
𝑇 = 2𝜋√ (1 + )
𝑔 400