12-14

The position of a particle along a straight-line path is defined by s = (t3 -

6t2 - 15t + 7) ft, where t is in seconds. Determine the total distance
traveled when t = 10 s (i.e. distance travelled in 10 seconds). What are
the particle’s average velocity, average speed, and the instantaneous
velocity and acceleration at this time?

s = t3 - 6t2 - 15t + 7

v = ds / dt = 3t2 - 12t – 15

When t = 0 s, v = -15 ft/s

When t = 10 s, v = 165 ft/s

For v = 0, 0 = 3t2 - 12t - 15

The positive root is t = 5 s

When t = 0, s = 7 ft

When t = 5 seconds, s = -93 ft

When t = 10 seconds, s = 257 ft

Total distance traveled

sT = 7 + 93 + 93 + 257 = 450 ft
vavg = ∆s /∆t =

(257 – 7)/10

= 25.0 ft/s

(vsp)avg = sT /∆t = 450/10 = 45.0 ft/s

a = dv/dt = 6t - 12

When t = 10 s, a = 48 ft/s2
12-25

If the effects of atmospheric resistance are accounted for a falling body

has an acceleration defined by the equation

a = 9.81[1 - 0.0001v2] m/s2

where v is in m/s and the positive direction is downward. If the body is

released from rest at a very high altitude, determine (a) the velocity when
t = 5 and (b) the body’s terminal or maximum attainable velocity (as t →
∞).

𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑡 =
𝑎
𝑡 𝑣
𝑑𝑣
∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫
0 9.81[1 − (0.01𝑣 ) ]
2
0

𝑣 𝑣
1 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ +∫
9.81 0 2[1 + 0.01𝑣] 0 2[1 − 0.01𝑣 ]

1 + 0.01𝑣
9.81𝑡 = 50 ln ( )
1 − 0.01𝑣

100(𝑒 0.196𝑡 − 1)
𝑣=
𝑒 0.196𝑡 + 1

When t = 5 seconds v = 45.5 m/s

𝑒 0.196𝑡 −1
When t → ∞ → 1, Thus v =100 m/s
𝑒 0.196𝑡 +1
12-43

The motion of a jet plane just after landing on a runway is described by

the a–t graph. Determine the time t′ when the jet plane stops. Construct
the v–t and s–t graphs for the motion. Here s = 0, and v = 300 m/s when t
= 0.

dv = a dt

For 0 ≤ t < 10, a = 0

Since v = 300 m/s at t = 0, for a = 0, v = 300 ft/s at t = 10 s.

For range 10 < t < 20 relation of a-t can be determined

−10 − (−20)
𝑎 − (−20) = (𝑡 − 10)
20 − 10

Thus a = t – 30 for 10 < t < 20

dv
 𝑣 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
300 10

𝑣 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ (𝑡 − 30) 𝑑𝑡
300 10

𝑣 = 0.5𝑡 2 + 30𝑡 + 550

At t = 20

a = -10 seconds, v = 150 m/s

For 20 < t < t’

a = - 10 m/s2

𝑣 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
150 20

𝑣 𝑡′
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ −10 𝑑𝑡
150 20

v = -10t + 350

v = 0 when t = 35 seconds
s-t graph

ds = vdt

For 0 ≤ t < 10, v = 300 m/s

𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
0 0

𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 300 𝑑𝑡
0 0

After integration s = 300t

If t = 10 seconds, s = 3000 m

10 < t < 20

𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
3000 10

But
 𝑣 = 0.5𝑡 2 + 30𝑡 + 550

𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ (0.5𝑡 2 + 30𝑡 + 550) 𝑑𝑡
3000 10

1 3
𝑠= 𝑡 − 15𝑡 2 + 550𝑡 − 1167
6

t = 20 seconds, s = 5167 m.

t > 20

𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
5167 20

v = -10t + 350

𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ (−10𝑡 + 350)𝑑𝑡
5167 20

s = -5t2 + 350t + 167

t = 35 seconds, s = 6292 m.
12-84

The van travels over the hill described by equation as shown. If it has a
constant speed of v = 75 ft/s , determine the x and y components of the
van’s velocity and acceleration when x = 50 ft.

y = -0.0015x2 + 15

𝑦̇ = −.003𝑥𝑥̇

Or
𝑣𝑦 = −.003𝑥𝑣𝑥

If x = 50 ft
𝑣𝑦 = −0.15𝑣𝑥

𝑣 = √𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2 = √𝑣𝑥2 + (−.15𝑣𝑥 )2

Since v = 75, vx = 74.2 ft/s (towards left)

𝑣𝑦 = −0.15(−74.2) = 11.1 ft/s

𝑦̇ = −.003𝑥𝑥̇

𝑦̈ = −.003 (𝑥̇ 𝑥̇ + 𝑥𝑥̈ )

𝑎𝑦 = −0.003(𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑥𝑎𝑥 )
x = 50, vx = 74.2,

𝑎𝑦 = −16.5 + .15𝑎𝑥 (A)

Determine slope of hill at x = 50 ft

tanθ = dy/dx = -0.003x = -0.003 x 50 = -0.15

θ = - 8.53°

When van travels with constant speed acceleration in tangential direction

is zero.

at = axcos8.53 – aysin8.53 = 0 (B)

Solving (A) and (B)

ax -2.42 ft/s2

ay = -16.1 ft/s2
12-97

It is observed that the skier leaves the ramp A at an angle θA = 25 with

the horizontal. If he strikes the ground at B, determine his initial speed
and the speed at which he strikes the ground.

Let A is reference point xA = yA = 0

xB = 100 x 4/5 = 80 m

yB = - 4 - 100 x 3/5 = -64 m

vA-x = vA cos25

vB-x = vA sin25

xB = xA + vA-xt + 0.5axt2

But ax = 0

80 = vA cos25 X t (1)

yB = yA + vA-yt + 0.5ayt2
ay = -9.81 m/s2

-64 = vA sin25 x t – 4.9 t2 (2)

Solving (1) and (2)

vA = 19.4 m/s, t = 4.54 s

vB-x = vA-x = 19.4 cos25 = 17.6 m/s

vB-y = vA-y + ayt

= 19.4 sin25 – 9.81 x 4.54

= -36.7 m/s

𝑣𝐵 = √17.62 + 36.72 = 40.4 m/s