Salivary glands – A.

EZZ
A-Classification:
I)COMPLETE:
-all salivary glands are of ................................type.

Ans :merocrine exocrine

-glands of the oral vestibule are......................

-glands of the oral cavity proper are..................................

Ans:

palatine glands= hard palate + soft palate + uvula

Floor of mouth= submandibular + sublingual + glossopalatine

Tongue glands= von ebner + Weber+ Blandin Nuhn

-major salivary glands are.............,..................,..................

-minor salivary glands are...................................................

-pure serous (2) salivary glands are...................&....................

-pure mucous (4) salivary glands are........,..........,............,........

-mucous ring consist of............,............,..............,...............

N.B: pure mucous = mucous ring

-mixed glands that are predominantly serous(2) are........&......

Ans: parotid (infant & old age) + submandibular

-mixed glands that are predominantly mucous(4) are...............

Ans: labial + buccal + major subligual + Blandin Nuhn

-The type of secretion of palatine glands is………………..

-The type of secretion of major sublingual salivary gland ……………………while
that of minor sublingual salivary gland is………………………..

-The mucous ring is a term related to the following

glands………………..,……………,………………..,……………..

-the glands of the floor of the mouth are..........,.............,.........

-the lingual glands=glands of tongue are..........,...........,............

-the palatine glands are present in....................,.........,...........

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"classification of salivary glands
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-the parenchymal part (epithelial part )of the salivary glands consist
of.....................................................................

Ans: secretory terminal portion + duct system + myoepithelial cells + oncocytes

-the secretory terminal portion of the gland is..........................

Ans: serous acini or mucous acini or demilune of von ebner

N.B: secretory terminal portion=secretory end piece=acini

B-Acini=secretory terminal portion:

-the seous acini :lumen...........ans: narrow

Shape...............ans: spherical

-the serous cells : shape.............

ans: high pyramidal cells

Nucleus............

ans: rounded in the basal 1/3

Granules called.........

ans: zymogen granules

Contain organelles, especially.........

ans: rER

+mitochondria..+free ribosomes..+few golgi.. + peroxisomes..+ tonofilaments..

Inbetween there are junctional complex to....

Ans: hold cells together + prevent leakage of the lumin content into the
intercellular spaces

Inbetween there are intercellular canaliculi to..

Ans: increase the area of the secretory surface

-the serous secretion consistency .....................

Ans: watery ( water proteins & carbohyrate)

-the mucous acini: lumen...................

ans: large

Shape..................

ans: tubular

-the mucous cells : shape.............

ans: low pyramidal

Nucleus......

ans: flattened& situated basally

 Granuled called........

ans: mucigen

Contain organelles ,especially .......

Ans: golgi ( ) + mitochondria.. + few rER..

Inbetween there are junctional complex to...

Ans: hold cells together + prevent leakage of the lumin content into the
intercellular spaces

NO intercellular canaliculi..why??

Ans: the lumen is already wide , so there is no need to increase the surface
area of the secretory surface.

-the mucous secretion consistency.......................

Ans: viscous ( water proteins & carbohyrate)

-the sympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands leads to secretion of saliva

that is.......................in consistency=====Ans: viscous

-the parasympathetic stimulation of salivary glands leads to secretion of saliva

that is ......................in consisitency.====Ans: watery

-give reason:

=the cytoplasm of the serous cell is highly basophilic.

Ans: due to its high content of rER

=intercellular canaliculi is present only in between serous cells and not present
in between mucous cells

Ans: because in the serous acini , the lumen is narrow , so there is a need for
the intercellular canaliculi to increase the surface area of the secretory surface
, bit in the mucous acini , the lumen is already wide , so there is no need for the
intercellular canaliculi.

=in the mucous cells the golgi apparatus is well developped while in the serous
cells the rER are well developped.

Ans: because the serous cell produce secretion of high protein content, so
there is huge number of rER inside it

While the mucous cell produce secretion of high carbohydrate content, so

there are well developed golgi inside it.

=the cytoplasm of mucous cells is less basophilic than the serous cells

Ans: because the mucous cell contains less amount of rER than the serous cell.

-in the mixed salivary gland ,,2 possibilities may be found.........or............

Ans: separate mucous & serous acini are present

Or there are mucous acini capped by serous cells=demilune of von Ebner

-the mucous acini that is capped by serous cells are called.......

Ans: demilune of von Ebner=crescent of Jiannuzi

-the demilune of von ebner is..................................

-in the demilune of von ebner , the secretions reach the lumen
through.............

Ans: intercellular canaliculi

-in the demilune of von ebner , ........................acini is bordering the lumen.

Ans: mucous acini

-the intercellular canaliculi are present inbetween.........&..........

Ans: serous cells & mucous cells if capped by serous cells in the demilune of
von Ebner
 C-duct system
-the duct system of salivary gland consist of............................

Ans: intercalated duct + striated duct + excretory duct + main duct

-intralobular ducts are......................................

Ans: intercalated duct & striated duct

-interlobular duct is...................................

Ans: excretory duct

-the intercalated duct is lined by............................

Ans: single raw of cuboidal cells with centrally placed nuclei

-the functions of the intercalated duct are...................,.............&................

Ans: pass the saliva from the acini to the striated duct

Reabsorb some protein from the lumen.

Their proximal cells act as undifferentiated cells.

-the striated duct is lined by...................................

Ans: single raw of tall columnar cells " with basal striations" with centrally
placed nuclei

-the functions of the striated duct are..................................

Ans:

 pass the saliva from the intercalated duct to the excretory duct
 modify the secretion from being isotonic with high sodium and low
potassium content to be hypotonic with low sodium and high potassium
& bicarbonate content by:

Reabsorption of Na & Cl from the lumin content

Active transport secretion of K & bicarbonate to the lumen

-the basal striations present in the striated duct cells originate
from......................................

Ans: basal deep infolding of the striated duct cells + presence of huge number
of mitochondria inbetween these folds

- The excretory duct is lined by.............................

Ans: pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

-The functions of the excretory duct are.................................

Ans: pass saliva from the striated duct to the main duct

Protein reasbsorption from the lumen

Add mucoid content to the saliva

-the concentration of sodium & potassium is controlled by...............duct

Ans: striated duct

-the main duct is lined by...........................

Ans: non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

-the main duct of parotid gland is called.............

ans: Stensen.

Submandibular gland called......

ans: Whartin

Major sublingual..................

ans: Bartholin

Minor sublingual...................

ans: Rivinus
 D-Myoepithelial cell
-the myoepithelial cells :shape.............

Ans: spindle shape with many processes ( 6-8 processes)

Site................

Ans: around the acini (mucous> serous) + around intercalated duct, in between
the basal lamina and the basal cell membrane.

By E.M it contain................

Ans: thin actin filaments + thick myosin filaments

Functions (2)..................

Ans: 1-Contraction of their process helps to expel saliva from the acini and
intercalated ducts.

2-Provides support for the acini and the intercalated duct

- The cell that is present between the basal lamina and the basal plasma •
membrane of acinar cells are called………………….

Ans: myoepithelial cell •

-The cell which accelerate the outflow of saliva is...............

Ans: myoepithelial cell

-the cell which is loaded by mitochondria and appear in the salivary gland by
age is called...................................

Ans: oncocytes
 E-Connective tissue
-the cellular element of the C.T stroma of the salivary gland
are..........................,....................,......................,....................

Ans: fibroblast, fat cell , macrophage , mast cell , plasma cell

-the C.T part of the salivary gland forms...............,..........,........

Ans: capsule, septa , stroma

F-Major salivary glands

-parotid gland:
capsule...........

Ans: well formed capsule with septa

nature of secretion.................

Ans: adult=pure serous , infant & old age= mixed (S>M)

The length of the intercalated and striated duct..

Ans: long & branching

The name of the main duct................

Ans: stensen's duct

Where the main duct open...............

Ans: on the buccal mucosa opposite to upper 7

-submandibular salvary gland:

capsule

Ans: well formed with septa

 nature of secretion.................

ans: mixed predominatly serous

The length of the intercalated and striated duct

Ans: shorter than that of the parotid gland

The name of the main duct................

Ans: Whartin's duct

Where the main duct open...............

Ans: floor of the mouth at each sides of the lingual frenum

-sublingual salivary gland:

capsule

Ans: ill defined capsule but prominent septa

nature of secretion.................

ans: major S.L = mixed predominantly mucous

minor S.L= pure mucous salivary gland

The length of the intercalated and striated duct

Ans: very very short (may be abscent)

The name of the main duct................

Ans: major S.L= Bartholin's duct

Minor S.L= Rivinus ducts

Where the main duct open...............

Ans: major S.L= near the submandibular duct at the sublingual papilla

Minor S.L= 8 – 12 ducts open in the sublingual fold

 G-minor salivary glands
-the characteristic features of minor salivary glands are........,.........,........

Ans:

Present all over the oral cavity (except gingiva)

The intercalated and the striated duct are poorly developped

They have ill defined capsule

-the minor salivary glands

are...........................,.......................,...........,............,.........

Ans: labial , buccal , glossopalatine , palatine , lingual glands

-the lingual glands are..................,..................&...................

Ans: von Ebner , weber , Blandin Nuhn

-the anterior lingual glands are called.............................and its secretion

is..............................and its duct open in...................

Ans: Blandin Nuhn – anterior part is mucous while its posterior part is mixed
(M>S) – the ventral surface of the tongue.

-the posterior lingual glands are.............................&..................

Ans: von Ebner & weber

-the von Ebner salivary glands are found under..........................and its type of
secretion is.................................

Ans: trough of circumvallate & folliate papillae – pure serous

-the functions of von ebner salivary glands are.................

Ans:

 Wash the trough of the papillae hence their taste buds become ready to
receive new taste stimuli.
 Protective function: This is provided by antibacterial enzymes
  Digestive function, by the digestive enzymes as amylase and lipase
(lingual lipase). The lingual lipase plays a significant role in lipid
digestion in infants, when the pancreatic lipase is low.

-the weber salivary glands are found under..................and its type of secretion
is...................................

Ans: the lingual crypt of the lingual tonsils – pure mucous

-the number of the palatine glands found in the submucosa of the hard palate
i….., while that found in the soft palate is...., while that found in the uvula
is….. Ans: 250 , 100 , 12

H-saliva
-the glandular saliva consist of...............................

Ans: water 99% + 1% inorganic ions + organic + serum

-the total volume of saliva secreted daily is.......................

Ans: 750 mL/day

-the PH of the whole saliva is........................

Ans: 6.7 to 7.4

-the functions of saliva are............,..............,................,...............

Ans: protective , taste , digestion , tissue repair

- 99% of saliva formed of………..and the remaining 1% formed

of………………..

Ans: water – inoraganic ions, organic,serum

 Choose the correct answer :
1- All of the following are pure mucous salivary glands except :

a-minor sublingual glands

b-labial glands

c-weber glands

d-glossopalatine

2- Which of the following statement is incorrect?

a-Parotid gland secrets pure serous.

b-Palatin salivary glands secrets pure mucous.

c-Submandibular secrets mixed secretion.

d- Sublingual secretes pure serous.

3- The excretory ducts of the major salivary glands are lined with:

A-Simple cubiodal epithelium with goblet cells.

B-Simple columnar without goblet cells.

C-Stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells.

D-pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

4- Mucous cells of salivary glands have:

A-Rounded nuclei.

B-Flattened nuclei.

C-Form the cap of the demilunes.

D-Have zymogen granules.

5- Which of the following is not characteristic of serous cells :

A-The cells are pyramidal in shape.

B-Its secretory granules are called zymogen granules.

C-They are capped by mucous cells in a mixed salivary acinus.

D-There is junctional complexes between the secretory cells.

6- the groups of pure serous adult salivary glands are :

a-von Ebner & palatal

b-parotid &von Ebner

c-parotid & weber

d-von Ebner & submandibular

7- The secretory canaliculi in salivary gland are found in:

A-mucous acini.

B-Striated ducts.

C-Serous acini.

D-Main duct.

8- serous acinar cells have all the following except :

a-numerous apical secretory granules

b-abundant basophilic cytolplasm

c- enfolding of the basal cell membrane with radially arranged mitochondria

d-extensive rER

9- Which of the following is not true of parotid glands of infants:

a- whartins' duct opens in the cheek opposite maxillary second molar.

b- Predominantly serous gland.

c- Long, branching intercalated ducts are present.

d- Serous demilunes cap mucous secretory units.

10- the lingual glands are :

 a-von Ebner & weber

b-weber , Blandin Nuhn & von Ebner

c-Blandin Nuhn & von Ebner

d-von Ebner , Weber & glossopalatine

11- The cytoplasmic basophilia observed in acinar cells of the adult

parotid gland is due to:

A-Mucigen granules.

B-RNA.

C-Glycoproteins.

D-Lysosomes.

12- Thin branching tubes of varying lengths that connect the terminal

portions with the striated ducts of salivary glands are:

a- Interlobular ducts.

b- Intercalated ducts.

c- excretory ducts.

d- lobar ducts.

13- Large cells with a small pyknotic nucleus and abundant cytoplasm,

increase by age are the:

a- Myoepithelial cells.

b- Oncocytes.

c- Serous cells.

d- Cells of the intercalated ducts.

14- Pure mucous salivary gland is:

A-Parotid gland.

B-Major sublingual glands.

C-Glossipalatine gland

D-Submandibular gland.

15- In the demilune of the mixed salivary acinus, the mucous secretory

cells:

A-Have rounded nuclei.

B-Form demilune cappings.

C-Have zymogen granules.

D-Line the luminal surface of the acinus.

16- The ducts of the salivary glands that are lined by a single layer of

tall columnar cells with radially arranged mitochondria are known as:

a- Lobar ducts.

b- Striated ducts.

c- Intercalated ducts.

d- Interlobar ducts.

17- The concentration of sodium and potassium in saliva is controlled

by:

A-Highly differentiated serous cells.

B-Well developed mucous cells.

C-Striated ducts.

D-Intercalated ducts.

18- The role of the myoepithelial cells in the salivary glands is:

A-Deffensive mechanism.
B-Contraction of the acinus.

C-Prevention of collapse of the acini.

D- Prevention of extravasation of saliva into the glandular stroma

19- Which of following is most likely to be a product of a salivary gland

serous cell?

A-Collagenase enzymes.

B-Mucous secretion.

C-Synovial fluid.

D-Enzyme which digests starch and other polysaccharides

20- The groups of entirely serous adult salivary glands are:

a- Von Ebner's and palatal.

b- Parotid and Von Ebner's.

c- Parotid and submandibular.

d- Sublingual and submandibular.

21- A serous acinar cell has all the following characteristic except:

a- Numerous secretory granules in apical cytoplasm.

b- Cytoplasm is abundant and basophilic.

c- Basal cell membrane has many enfolding between which rows of mitochondria are lodged.

d- Extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum is present.

22- Which of the following glands has a purely serous secretion?

A-Labial.

B-Anterior lingual.

C-Submandibular.

D-Von Ebner's.
23- Which minor salivary glands are purely serous:

a- Lingual glands of Von Ebner.

b- Lingual glands of Blandin Nuhn.

c- Palatine glands.

d- Labial and buccal glands

24- The secretions of salivary glands are:

a- Exocrine and holocrine.

b- Exocrine and merocrine.

c- Exocrine and apocrine.

d- Endocrine and merocrine.

II)give scientific term::

-a contractile cell located around the terminal secretory unit and intercalated
duct of the salivary glands.

Ans: myoepithelial cell

-a gland located near the tip of the tongue , its anterior part is mucous while
its posterior part is mixed.

Ans: Blandin Nuhn

-pure serous salivary gland located between the muscle fibers at the junction
of anterior and posterior parts of the tongue and it is situated below the
circumvallate papillae.

Ans: Von Ebner salivary glands

-a pure mucous salivary gland located at the base of the tongue in association
of the lingual tonsils.

Ans: Weber salivary glands

-large cells with small pyknotic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm that increase
by age.

Ans: oncocytes

-the duct of salivary gland that are lined by single layer of tall collumnar cells
with radially arranged mitochondria.

Ans: striated duct

- parotid gland main duct that open opposite to the upper 7

Ans: Stensen's duct

-thin branching ducts of salivary gland that connect the terminal portion with
the striated duct.

Ans: intercalated duct

-the mixed acini that is present in the mixed salivary gland that is
characterized by a mucous acini capped by serous cells.

Ans: demilune of von Ebner

-finger like branches of the acini lumen that extend between the adjacent cells
of the serous acini to increase the surface area of the secretory surface.

Ans: Intercellular canaliculi

-the secretory granules present in the apical part of the serous cells.

Ans: zymogen granules

-the secretory granules present inside the mucous cells.

Ans: mucigen granules

III)Give reasons:

-striated duct show basal striations under the microscope

Ans: due to basal infoldings of the cell membrane of the striated duct cell,,and
inside these folds there are huge nuber of mitochondria + “write the functions
of the striated duct”

-striated duct is loaded by great number of mitochondria

Ans: write the functions of the striated duct

-intercalated duct is long and branching in parotid gland but short or abscent
in sublingual salivary glands.

Ans: because the parotid gland secretion is watery, but the sublingual salivary
gland secretion is mixed predominantly mucous ( viscous) so the intercalated
duct must be short to avoid stagnation ‫ وقوف‬of the secretions.

-presence of von ebner salivary glands under the trough of circumvallate and
folliate papillae.

Ans: write the functions of von ebner salivary glands

-all salivary glands are merocrine and exocrine.

Ans: because the secretion pass through duct system and then enter the oral
cavity, without loss of the cytoplasm

-the presence of myoepithelial cells around the secretory terminal portion of

salivary glands.

Ans: write the functionS of myoepithelial cells

-the presence of more myoepithelial cells around the mucous acini than
around the serous acini.

Ans: because the heavy mucous secretion needs more squeezing to be expelled
into the lumen.
-presence of the mucous ring in the posterior portion of the mouth.

Ans: to facilitate the process of deglutition

-in the demilune of von Ebner , the mucous cells can not cap the serous acini

Ans: because if the mucous cells are the capping part , its secretion ( which is
viscous ) is liable to stagnation while passing in between the serous cells.

IV)Essay:

 Discuss the secretory teminal portion?

Answer:

Secretory terminal portion = secretory end piece = Acini

I) Serous acini and serous cells ......look in the complete

II) Mucous acini and mucous cells...look in the complete
III)Mixed acini= demilune of von ebner.....define

 Discuss the duct system?

Answer:

 intralobular= intecalated duct+ striated duct

 Interlobular=excretory duct
 Lining & functions:

Intercalated duct................look in complete

Striated duct.....................look in complete

Excertory duct....................look in the complete

Main duct.........................look in the complete

  Histlogy of submandibular salivary glands?
Answer:

The submandibular salivary gland is mixed predominant serous.

I) Parenchymal part ( Epithelial part):

 Acini (serous , mucous ,mixed)..................explain
 Duct system (intercalated , striated , excretory , main)....expalin
(main duct of submandibular S.G called.............
& Opens in................)
 Myoepithelial cell
site.........
shape...........
E.M.............
functions....
-Oncocytes….
II) C.T part
Cells..................+ground substance+B.V+nerve+lymph
Capsule+ septa +stroma….

 Myo epithelial cells ?

site.........look in the complete
shape........... look in the complete
E.M............. look in the complete
functions.... look in the complete

GOOD LUCK..Ezz .