A

PROJECT REPORT ON
“SECURITY ALARM USING 555 TIMER IC”
SUBMITTED BY:
1.SANCHITA MISHRA 10922091
2.MOHAMMAD KAIF 10922061
3.RAGHIB AHMED 10922080
4.ARPIT SINHA 10922027
5.SHUBHAM KUMAR SINGH 109220104

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

MR. RAJAT HALDAR
(LECTURER)
In partial fulfillment of the requirement of subject in
DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

SUMBITTED TO:
AMBEDKAR SHAKARPUR CAMPUS- 1
Academic year (2022-2025)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Sanchita, kaif , Raghib, Arpit, Shubham has

successfully completed the project titled "Security Alarm Using 555 Timer
IC" under the guidance of Mr. Rajat Haldar.

Throughout the duration of this project, Sanchita, kaif , Raghib, Arpit,

Shubham demonstrated exemplary dedication, commitment, and
enthusiasm towards learning and implementing electronic circuitry
principles. This project involved the utilization of the 555 Timer Integrated
Circuit (IC) to design and construct a functional security alarm system.

Under the mentorship of Mr. Rajat Haldar, Student's exhibited

commendable technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and a keen
understanding of the project's objectives. The project was completed with
meticulous attention to detail, ensuring its effectiveness and functionality
as a security alarm system.

Signature of course instructor Signature of hod

RAJAT HALDER SATISH KUMAR
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who contributed to the

successful completion of this project on the development of a security
alarm system utilizing the versatile 555 Integrated Circuit (IC).

First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my

project supervisor RAJAT HALDER, whose invaluable guidance,
unwavering support, and insightful feedback have been instrumental
throughout this journey. Your expertise and encouragement have truly
enriched this endeavor.

I am deeply indebted to my professors and instructors at Ambedkar

Shakarpur Campus-I, whose teachings and mentorship have provided me
with the knowledge and skills necessary to undertake this project. Your
dedication to fostering intellectual growth has been truly inspiring.
 ABSTRACT

The project presents the design and implementation of a security alarm

system utilizing the widely-used 555 timer IC. Security alarm systems
serve as crucial deterrents against unauthorized access and intrusion,
safeguarding properties and ensuring peace of mind for occupants. The
utilization of the 555 timer IC, renowned for its versatility and reliability,
forms the backbone of the alarm system's functionality.

The project begins with a comprehensive overview of the principles

underlying security alarm systems and the operational characteristics of the
555 timer IC. Through systematic design and prototyping, the project
proceeds to integrate various components including sensors, amplifiers,
and output devices to construct a robust security alarm system.

Key features of the implemented security alarm system include adjustable

sensitivity settings, versatile trigger mechanisms, and audible/visual alarm
outputs. The system is designed to detect unauthorized entry through
doorways or windows, triggering the alarm to alert occupants and deter
potential intruders effectively.

Experimental testing and evaluation validate the efficacy and reliability of

the developed security alarm system under simulated intrusion scenarios.
The project's outcomes demonstrate the practical feasibility and
performance capabilities of utilizing the 555 timer IC in the context of
security applications.

.
 DECLARATION

SANCHITA MISHRA, MD KAIF, RAGHIB AHMED, ARPIT SINHA

AND SHUBHAM KUMAR SINGH the students of diploma in
communication engineering semester 4th (2022-2025) here by declare that
we have completed this project “SECURITY ALARM USING 555 TIMER
IC”.

The information submitted is true and original to best of our

knowledge.

Sanchita Mishra 10922091

Arpit Sinha 10922027
Md kaif 10922061
Raghib Ahmed 10922080
Shubham Kumar Singh 10922104
 INDEX

INDEX

CHAPTER NUMBER PARTICULAR PAGE NO.

CERTIFICATE I
Acknowledgement II
Declaration III
Abstract IV
1 INTRODUCTION V

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Working 2-3
1.3 Principal 4
2 COMPONENTS

2.1 555 TIMER IC 5

2.2 Resistors 10k,150 ohm 6
2.3 Capacitors 220uf 6
2.4 Light dependent resistors(LDR) 6
2.5 Leaser light 7
2.6 Speaker/buzzer 7
2.7 LEDs 7
2.8 Power supply 8
2.9 Preset, 50k 8
3 DESIGN

3.1 Block diagram 9

1 3.2 Circuit diagram 10
4 cost 11
5 Breadboard testing 12
6 Advantages, disadvantages, 13-14
application and issues
6.1 Issues 13
6.2 application 13
6.3 Advantage 14
6.4 Limitations 14
7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE 15-16
WORKS
8 EXECUTIVE SUMMERY 17
9 LIST OF SYMBOLS 18
10 LIST 0F FIG 19-20
11 REFERENCES 21
 CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION
1.1)INTRODUCTION

In an era marked by technological advancements and an increasing concern for safety,

the development of efficient and reliable security alarm systems has become
imperative. Among the various components utilized in such systems, the 555 Timer
IC stands out as a cornerstone of electronic design, renowned for its versatility and
reliability. In this project, we present an enhanced security alarm system that
harnesses the power of the 555 Timer IC to provide robust protection for residential
spaces.

The fundamental premise of our project is to create a security alarm system that not
only effectively detects intrusions but also offers customization options and ease of
use for homeowners. The 555 Timer IC, a highly versatile integrated circuit, serves
as the central component of our design, facilitating precise timing functions essential
for triggering alarm signals.
 1.2: WORKING
555 Timer IC Setup:

• Connect pin 8 (VCC) of the 555 timer IC to the positive terminal of the power
supply.
• Connect pin 1 (GND) of the 555 timer IC to the negative terminal of the power
supply.
• Connect pin 4 (Reset) of the 555 timer IC to pin 8 (VCC) to disable the reset
functionality.
• Connect pin 5 (Control Voltage) to pin 7 (Discharge).

Timer Configuration:

• Connect pin 6 (Threshold) to pin 2 (Trigger) using a resistor (R1).

• Connect pin 6 (Threshold) to pin 7 (Discharge) using a resistor (R2).
• Connect pin 2 (Trigger) to pin 2 (Trigger) using a 0.01µF capacitor.

LDR Setup:

• Connect one terminal of the LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) to pin 2 (Trigger)
of the 555 timer IC.
• Connect the other terminal of the LDR to the negative terminal of the power
supply.

Buzzer and LED Setup:

• Connect the positive terminal of the buzzer and the LED to pin 3 (Output) of
the 555 timer IC.
• Connect the negative terminal of the buzzer and the LED to the negative
terminal of the power supply.

Preset Setup:

• Connect one terminal of the 50k preset resistor to pin 7 (Discharge) of the 555
timer IC.
• Connect the middle terminal of the preset resistor to pin 6 (Threshold) of the
555 timer IC.
• Connect the other terminal of the preset resistor to pin 1 (GND).

Laser Diode Setup:

• Connect one terminal of the laser diode to the positive terminal of the power
supply.
• Connect the other terminal of the laser diode to the negative terminal of the
power supply.

Testing:
• Adjust the preset resistor until the LED and the buzzer turn off in the absence
of the laser beam.
• When the laser beam is obstructed and falls on the LDR, the resistance
decreases, triggering the 555 timer IC and activating the LED and the buzzer.
 1.3: PRINCIPAL
The principle of operation of this laser security alarm circuit revolves around the
behavior of the components involved:

555 Timer IC: The 555 timer IC is configured as an astable multivibrator, which
generates a continuous square wave output at pin 3. The frequency of this square
wave depends on the values of resistors R1 and R2, and capacitor C. In this circuit,
it serves as the main timing element.

when the laser beam is obstructed, the LDR's resistance decreases, triggering the 555
timer IC. This, in turn, activates the LED and the buzzer, alerting of a potential
intrusion. Adjusting the preset resistor allows you to fine-tune the sensitivity of the
alarm system.
 CHAPTER-2: COMPONENTS

2.1) 555 TIMER IC : At the heart of your security alarm system, the 555 Timer
IC serves as the primary timing element. It can be configured in various modes such
as astable, monostable, or bistable. In the case of a security alarm, the astable mode
is commonly used to generate continuous oscillations, providing the timing for the
alarm signal.

FIG- 2.1 FIG- 2.1.1

PIN CONFIGURATION:
PIN NO. NAME PURPOSE
1. GND Ground reference voltage, low level (0 V)

2. TRIG This output is driven to approximately 1.7 V below +Vcc,

or GND.
3. OUT This output is driven to approximately 1.7 V below +Vcc
or GND.
4. RESET A timing interval may be reset by driving this input to
GND, but the timing does not begin again until RESET
rises above approximately 0.7 volts. Overrides TRIG
which overrides threshold.
5. CTRL Provides “control” access to the internal voltage divider
(by default, 2/3 Vcc).
6. THR The timing (OUT high) interval ends when the voltage at
the threshold is greater than that at CTRL (2/3 Vcc if
CTRL is open).
7. DIS Open collector output which may discharge a capacitor
between intervals. In phase with output.
8. VCC Positive supply voltage, which is usually between 3 and
15 V depending on the variation.
2.2) RESISTORS: Resistors are used to set the timing intervals and voltage
levels in the circuit. The values of resistors will depend on the specific configuration
of the 555 timer circuit.

FIG-2.2 FIG-2.2.1

2.3) CAPACITORS:

capacitors in project help regulate timing intervals, stabilize voltage levels, filter out
noise, and provide local charge reserves for ICs. The specific role of capacitors will
depend on the configuration and mode of operation of your 555 timer IC circuit.

FIG 2.3 FIG-2.3.1

2.4) LDR :LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR: Light Dependent Resistors
(LDRs) detect light changes by varying resistance with light intensity. In a voltage
divider circuit with a resistor, LDRs monitor ambient light, triggering a 555 timer
IC. Configured in monostable mode, the IC activates an alarm when light falls
below a threshold. Calibration ensures accurate sensitivity, preventing false alarms
due to environmental light fluctuations.

FIG-2.4 FIG 2.4.1

2.5) LEASER LIGHT:
• The laser light source can be used to create a beam that, when interrupted,
triggers the alarm.
• We have set up the laser light to shine across a doorway or corridor. When
someone passes through and interrupts the beam, it triggers the alarm circuit.

Fig 2.5

2.6) Speaker/Buzzer:
• The speaker or buzzer is the output device that produces the audible alarm
sound when triggered.
• When the 555 timer IC generates a pulse, it activates the speaker or buzzer,
alerting people in the vicinity of the intrusion

Fig:2.6 FIG-2.6.1
2.7) LEDs:
• LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) can be used as visual indicators to show the
status of the alarm system.
• We’ve used an LED to indicate when the alarm is armed or when motion or
intrusion is detected.
FIG- 2.7 FIG-2.7.1

2.8) PCB (Printed Circuit Board):

 • The PCB provides a platform for mounting and interconnecting electronic
components in your security alarm project.
• It allows for a neat and organized arrangement of components and facilitates
the flow of signals through the circuit.

Fig:2.8

2.9) Power Supply:

• The power supply provides the necessary electrical energy to operate the
circuit.
• It typically supplies a stable DC voltage, such as +9V, to power the
components.

2.10) Preset of 50k:

• The 50k preset resistor is used to adjust the timing parameters of the 555
timer IC.
• It allows us to fine-tune the timing duration of the output pulse generated by
the 555 timer IC, providing flexibility in customizing the behavior of your
security alarm system.

FIG-2.10 FIG 2.10.1

CHAPTER-3 : DESIGN

3.1) BLOCK DIAGRAM

fig:3.1
 DESIGN
3.2) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

fig:3.2
 CHAPTER- 4: COST

NO OF COMPONENTS COST

555 TIMER IC 1 10
LDR 1 10
Resistors 1k 6 10
Bread board 1 60
Speaker/buzzer 1 35
LEDs 1 5
PCBs 1 30
Power Supply 9v 1 20
Leaser Diode 1 90
Capacitors 0.1uf 1 10

TOTAL ESTIMATED COST: 280

CHAPTER-5: BREAD BOARD TESTING
CHAPTER 6 :ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, APPLICATIONS
AND ISSUES

6.1) ADVANTAGES:
• SIMPLICITY: The project design utilizing a 555 timer IC is relatively simple
and straightforward, making it accessible for hobbyists and beginners in
electronics.
• Versatility: The 555 timer IC is highly versatile and can be configured in
various modes to suit different applications, including security alarms.
• Low Cost: Most components required for this project, including the 555 timer
IC, resistors, capacitors, and sensors, are readily available and inexpensive.
• Customizable: The project can be easily customized to meet specific
requirements by adjusting component values or adding features like remote
monitoring or integration with other security systems.
• Reliability: When properly designed and implemented, the security alarm
system can provide reliable performance in detecting intrusions and alerting
users.

6.2) DISADVANTAGES:

• Limited Features: Basic implementations of this project may lack advanced

features found in commercial security systems, such as remote monitoring,
smartphone integration, or complex alarm triggering mechanisms.
• Limited Range: Depending on the sensor used (e.g., LDR or simple motion
sensor), the detection range and sensitivity of the system may be limited.
• False Alarms: The system may be prone to false alarms triggered by
environmental factors such as sudden changes in light levels, passing shadows,
or small animals.
• Security Risks: Simple security alarm systems may be vulnerable to tampering
or sabotage, especially if they lack robust enclosures or anti-tamper
mechanisms.
6.3) APPLICATIONS
• Home Security: The project can be used to create a basic home security system
to detect intruders or unauthorized access to premises.
• Office Security: It can be deployed in offices or commercial establishments to
monitor restricted areas or secure valuable assets.
• DIY Projects: The simplicity and affordability of the project make it suitable
for DIY enthusiasts looking to build their own security solutions.
• Education: This project can be used as an educational tool to teach basic
electronics principles, including sensor interfacing, timer circuits, and alarm
systems.

6.4) ISSUES
• Power Consumption: Depending on the components used and the operating
mode of the circuit, the security alarm system may consume significant power,
especially if powered continuously.
• Sensor Calibration: Calibrating sensors such as LDRs or motion sensors for
optimal performance may require careful adjustment and testing to minimize
false alarms.
• Interference: External factors such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) or
radio frequency interference (RFI) could potentially interfere with the
operation of the security alarm system.
• Maintenance: Like any electronic system, the security alarm project may
require periodic maintenance to ensure proper functioning, including checking
and replacing worn-out components, cleaning sensors, and troubleshooting
issues.
 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

7.1) In conclusion, the security alarm project utilizing a 555 timer IC offers a cost-
effective and accessible solution for basic intrusion detection and alerting purposes.
By leveraging the versatility of the 555 timer IC and integrating components such as
sensors, resistors, capacitors, and alarm devices, we've created a simple yet functional
system capable of detecting unauthorized access and triggering alerts.

While the project provides several advantages such as simplicity, versatility, and low
cost, it's essential to acknowledge its limitations, including potential false alarms,
limited features, and security vulnerabilities. These factors highlight the need for
careful consideration during design, implementation, and deployment to ensure
optimal performance and reliability.

Despite its limitations, the security alarm project serves as a valuable learning tool for
electronics enthusiasts, DIY hobbyists, and students interested in exploring basic
principles of sensor interfacing, timer circuits, and alarm systems. It also
demonstrates the potential for further innovation and improvement in DIY security
solutions.
7.2) FUTURE WORKS

• Enhanced Features: Future iterations of the security alarm project could

incorporate advanced features such as remote monitoring, smartphone
integration, or integration with home automation systems for enhanced
functionality and convenience.
• Improved Sensing: Research and development efforts could focus on
enhancing sensor technologies to improve detection accuracy, reduce false
alarms, and extend detection range, thus enhancing the overall effectiveness of
the security alarm system.
• Integration with AI: Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for
intelligent analysis of sensor data could help distinguish between genuine
intrusion events and false alarms, improving the reliability and efficiency of
the security alarm system.
• Energy Efficiency: Future work could explore energy-efficient design
techniques to minimize power consumption and extend battery life, making the
security alarm system more sustainable and environmentally friendly.
• Security Enhancements: Implementation of robust encryption,
authentication, and anti-tamper mechanisms could enhance the security of the
system, mitigating potential risks associated with unauthorized access or
tampering.
• User Interface: Designing an intuitive user interface for configuration,
monitoring, and management of the security alarm system could enhance
usability and user experience, making it more accessible to a wider audience.
 CHAPTER 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The security alarm project employing a 555 timer IC presents a cost-effective and
adaptable solution for basic intrusion detection and alerting requirements. Leveraging
the versatility of the 555 timer IC alongside essential components like sensors,
resistors, capacitors, and alarm devices, this project offers a simplistic yet functional
system capable of detecting unauthorized access and triggering timely alerts.

Key advantages of the project include its simplicity, versatility, and affordability,
making it accessible to electronics enthusiasts, DIY hobbyists, and students seeking
hands-on experience. However, it's essential to acknowledge potential limitations
such as false alarms, limited features, and security vulnerabilities, necessitating
careful consideration during design and deployment.

Despite these challenges, the security alarm project serves as an invaluable

educational tool, allowing users to explore fundamental principles of sensor
interfacing, timer circuits, and alarm systems. Looking ahead, future iterations could
focus on enhancing features, improving sensor technologies, integrating AI for
intelligent analysis, optimizing energy efficiency, enhancing security measures, and
refining user interfaces for improved usability.

By addressing these areas for future work, DIY security alarm systems can evolve to
meet the growing demands of modern security applications, offering enhanced
capabilities, reliability, and user experience.
 CHAPTER- 9 :LIST OF SYMBOLS

NAME OF COMPONENT SYMBOL OF COMPONENT

555 TIMER IC

LDR

BUZZER

LED

PRESET
CAPACITOR

RESISTOR
CHAPTER-1O LIST OF FIGURES
COMPONENTS FIGURE
TIMER IC

RESISTORS

CAPACITORS

LDR

LEASER LIGHT

BUZZER

LEDs
pcb

PRESET
CHAPTER-11: REFERENCES

https://elonics.org/light-sensor-circuit-using-ldr-555-timer-adjustable/

https://how2electronics.com/laser-security-system-using-555-timer-ic-ldr/

https://www.electronicshub.org/security-alarm-circuit/

https://projectmaker.in/projects.php?pname=laser+security+system+proje
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