A PROJECT REPORT ON:

“PULSE POSITION MODULATION USING TIMER IC

555’’
BY
Akash chaurasiya
Deepak gupta
Lalit kapse
Abhishek payas

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RAMRAO ADIK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DR.D.Y.PATIL. VIDYANAGAR, SECTOR-7, NERUL, NAVI-MUMBAI-400706
 Certificate of Approval
This is to certify
that, the Mini Project for the subject LIC entitled

“PULSE POSITION MODULATION USING TIMER IC 555’’

Is bonafide work done by

Akash chaurasiya
Deepak gupta
Lalit kapse
Abhishek payas

Examiner Supervisor
Aim: Pulse Position Modulation.using timer ic 555
Introduction:
PPM is an important feature of today’s every microcontroller due to its
requirement for controlling many devices in every field of Electronic
almost.PWM is widely used for motor controlling lightning controller, etc.
Sometimes we do not use microcontroller in our applications and if we need to
generate PWM without microcontroller hen we prefer some general purpose
IC’s like op-amps, times, pulse generators ,etc. 555 Timer IC is a very useful
and general purpose IC which can be used in many applications.
Apparatus:
 555 timer IC
 Connecting wires
 820ohm resistor
 45.5k resistor
 0.001 micro farad capacitor
 0.01 micro farad capacitor
  IN 4007
 Battery -9v
Theory:
A PPM signal (or Pulse Position Modulation) is used by most transmitters and
receivers to transfer information from the transmitter to the receiver. The signal
itself is a series of pulses of fixed length.
Pulse position modulation is a signal modulation technique that allows
computers to share data by measuring the time each data packet takes to reach
the computer. It is often used in optical communication, such as fiber optics, in
which there is little multi-pathway interference. Pulse position modulation
exclusively transfers digital signals and cannot be used with analog systems. It
transfers simple data and is not effective at transferring files.
Pulse position modulation works by sending electrical, electromagnetic, or
optical pulses to a computer or other device in order to communicate simple
data. It requires both devices to be synchronized to the same clock so that when
a series of pulses is sent, the device decodes the information based on when the
pulses were broadcasted. Alternately, another form of pulse position modulation
known as differential pulse position modulation, allows all signals to be
encoded based on the difference between broadcast times. This means that a
receiving device only has to observe the difference in arrival times in order to
decode a transmission
PROCEDURE-
1. CARRY OUT THE CONNECTIONS.
2. SELECT THE COMPONETS FOR CIRCUIIT DESIGN.
3. TO PROTOTYPE A CIRCUIT USE A GENRAL PURPOSE PCB.
4. PLACE THE COMPONETS ON THE BOARD,SOLDER THEM AND
FINALLY MAKE CONNECTION OF COMPONET.
5. COMPLETE TESTING ONGEGERALN PURPOSE BOARD.
6. OBSERVE THE WAVEFORM ON CRO.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 :

HARDWARE/SOFTWARE COMPONETS-
555 timer IC
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse
generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time
delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide two
(556) or four (558) timing circuits in one package.
IN 4007
A diode is a device which allows current flow through only one direction. That
is the current should always flow from the Anode to cathode. The cathode
terminal can be identified by using a grey bar as shown in the picture above.
For 1N4007 Diode, the maximum current carrying capacity is 1A it withstand
peaks up to 30A. Hence we can use this in circuits that are designed for less E
IM than 1A. 
The reverse current is 5uA which is negligible. The power dissipation of this
diode is 3W.
RESULT
CONCLUSION

Hence we have concluded the circuit of pulse position modulation.