A PROJECT REPORT ON:

“FREQUENCY DIVIDER’’
Submitted By-
Akash chaurasiya
Deepak gupta
Lalit kapse
Abhishek payas

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RAMRAO ADIK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DR.D.Y.PATIL. VIDYANAGAR, SECTOR-7, NERUL, NAVI-MUMBAI-400706

AFFILIATED TO

MUMBAI UNIVERSITY
Title: To implement the circuit of frequency divider to generate the frequency
at the rate of f/2 and f/4.
Abstract:
A frequency divider also called as clock divider or scalar or pre-scalar is a
circuit that takes the input signal of frequency fin , and generates and output
signal of frequency.
INTRODUCTION:
Frequency dividers are the circuits that are used to divide the input frequency by
n-means if we provide some signal of frequency ‘f1n’ . Frequency dividers are
the circuits that are useful in analog as well as digital systems. Here we are
building the circuit to divide the frequency by 2 or 4. Phase locked loop
frequency synthesizers make use of frequency divider to generate a frequency
that is multiple of reference frequency.

APPARATUS:

1. 555 Timer IC
2. 4017 counter IC
3. Bread Board
4. Resistor 330, 220, 10K, 47k ohm
5. 50k POT
6. LEDs
7. 4.7uF Capacitor
8. 10nF Capacitor
9. SPDT switch
10. Jumper wire
11. 9V battery or supply
12.Voltage Regulator LM7805

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
In this Frequency Divider Circuit, we have used a 555 timer IC to generate an
input frequency signal. Here we have connected a 10k (R2) resistor between
Vcc and pin 7th of 555 Timer (U1). Then we have connected 47k (R3) resistor
& 50k Pot (RV1) between pin 7 and 6. Pin 2 is shorted with pin 6 and a 4.7uF
capacitor C1 is connected to pin 2 or 6 with respect to ground. Pin 1 is
connected to ground and pin 4 directly connected to VCC and pin 8 as well. The
output pin of this 555 timer is connected to a LED D1 through a 330-ohm
resistor and also connected to clock pin of 4017 counter IC. LED D1 will
indicate the frequency of input signal.
4017 Counter IC is responsible for dividing the frequency by f/2 or f/4. An
SPDT switch is used for selecting frequency. A LED D2 is connected to pin 2
of IC 4017 through a 220-ohm resistor, which indicates the divided frequency.
Means LED D1 will blink with frequency f and LED D2 will blink with
frequency f/2 or f/4 depending upon the position of SPDT switch. A 7805 IC is
used to regulate the voltage. Finally, we have connected a 9v Battery to power
the circuit.
Working of this Frequency Divider Circuit is simple. Here we have made a
555 based astable multivibrator for the input signal and we are controlling the
frequency of the signal by using a potentiometer.
When we connect supply to circuit then Astable Multivibrator generates a
frequency which can be easily seen by the blinking LED D1. This signal is
applied to the clock input of counter IC 4017 as a clock pulse.

In case of the frequency divided by 2 (f/2), we have applied the Q2 output to

reset pin (15) of counter IC by using SPDT switch so that the counter IC reset
itself and starts from the beginning (Q0). Means for first clock pulse output Q1
will be high and for second clock pulse output Q2 will be high which resets the
IC and makes the output Q0 high. For third clock pulse output Q1 will be high
again and LED will glow. Sofor every two input clock pulse, LEDD2 will be
high once, that how it divides the frequency by 2. So the final output of the
counter IC will be:

In case of frequency divided by 4 (f/4), we have applied the Q4 output to reset

pin (15) of counter IC by using SPDT switch so IC 4017 will be reset in the
fourth pulse, hence LED D2 will glow once during four pulses. Initially, Q0 will
be high that is the default state of IC, then for first clock pulse output Q1 will be
high and LED D2 will glow. For second and third clock pulses, output Q2 and
Q3 will be high respectively. Now in fourth pulse Q4 gets high and resets the IC
as it is connected to reset Pin 15 of IC 4017 (Q0 high). For fifth clock pulse
output Q1 will be high again and LED will glow. So here, for every four input
clock pulses, LED D2 will be high once, that how it divides the frequency by 4
(f/4).
Procedure:

 Carry out the following connections as shown in the circuit diagram.

 Select the components for the circuit design.
 To prototype a circuit use a general purpose PCB.
 Place the component on the board , solder them and finally make the
connection of the circuit.
  Complete testing on the general purpose PCB.
 Observe the output.

Result:

We have generated the square wave using 555 timer IC and divided by
using decade counter IC. We have divided the frequency by varying
potentiometer.

CONCLUSION:

We have implemented frequency divider circuit using 555 timer IC, which can
be used as the integral part of many communication system and audio based
systems like Military equipment, audio equipment etc.