Edbert Lim

(024202200014)

Building Utilities Final Exam

1. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning) system is a system to increase
comfort in a building by heating or cooling
the temperature in the building, and also
making the air quality in the room increase.

Figure 1 HVAC system https://fanturk.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/HVAC-systems.jpeg

Passive cooling systems generally use the

method of installing vents or air soil tunnels.
This passive cooling focuses on how to get rid
of the heat trapped in the building. One way to
maximize passive cooling is with cross air
circulation, so that there is an alternation of
hot air with cold air.
Figure 2 passive cooling with ventilation
https://images.app.goo.gl/h5MmB7MzgqcZbg1r8

2. The passive security system that can be used to prevent human crime is CCTV because with CCTV
all human activities can be recorded, and the recording can be repeated. So it will be easier to find
the perpetrators of the crime. Therefore, when there is CCTV people will think again to commit an
act of crime.

3. elements that are determined as an integration system in the design of a building are the provision
of emergency stairs in places that are easily accessed by everyone, the presence of signs or roads
leading to emergency stairs, and the presence of disaster alarms in every room or corner of the
building so that people can quickly act when they hear the alarm.

4. Fire extinguishers in buildings can be divided into 3 namely fire extinguisher, hydrant system,
sprinkler system.
Fire extinguisher itself is divided into 4, namely:

• The water type fire extinguisher, containing water at high

pressure, is the most economical type of fire extinguisher
and is suitable for extinguishing fires caused by non-metal
solid materials such as paper, cloth, rubber, plastic, and so
on (class A fires). But it will be very dangerous when used
on fires caused by electrical installations with voltage (class
C fires).
• Foam type fire extinguisher (AFFF), is a type that
Figure 3 jenis-jenis APAR
contains chemicals that can form foam. The AFFF
http://damkar.inhilkab.go.id/alat-pemadam-kebakaran/
Edbert Lim
(024202200014)

(Aqueous Film Forming Foam) foam that is sprayed out will cover the burning object and
prevent oxygen from entering. This type of fire extinguisher will be effective for
extinguishing fires caused by non-metallic solid materials such as paper, cloth, rubber,
plastic, etc. (class A fires) and fires caused by flammable liquids such as oil, alcohol, sovent,
etc. (class B fires).

• Dry Chemical Powder type fire extinguisher, this is a fire extinguisher consisting of a
chemical dry powder which is a combination of Mono-ammonium and ammonium
sulphate. The dry chemical powder released will envelop the burning object so that it
leaves oxygen. This type of fire extinguisher is the most versatile because it is effective for
extinguishing fires in all types of fire classes. Usually this type of fire extinguisher is used
in cars or public vehicles.

The disadvantage of this type of Fire Extinguisher is that if it is used in a factory, it will
damage and contaminate the surrounding production equipment.

• The last type of fire extinguisher is a fire extinguisher containing carbon dioxide or CO2
gas. This type of fire extinguisher is suitable for extinguishing class B fires (flammable
liquid materials) and class C fires (electrical installations).

Hydrant system is a fire extinguishing system that consists of a number of components to provide
high-voltage water supply in emergency situations. The main function of this system is to
extinguish fires quickly and effectively.

The supporting components of the hydrant system include:

• Ground tanks, because hydrant systems are water-based extinguishers, ground tanks are
useful for supplying large amounts of water.
• Hydrant pump, this is a component that functions to increase water pressure in the
hydrant system. High water pressure is needed to reach the fire area with a long distance.
• Hydrant pipe, is a channel that connects the source of water supply with hydrant pillar
points or hydrant valves located around the building. The function of the hydrant pipe is
to bring water supply to areas that require firefighting.
• Control panel, the main function of this supporting component is to monitor the condition
of the fire extinguishing system continuously. Monitored conditions include water
pressure, temperature, and fire detection sensors. This control panel can also detect if a
system problem occurs.
• Hydrant Pillar, serves to provide a water supply that can be used by firefighters. This
component is directly connected to the hydrant pipe that distributes high pressure water
from the ground tank.
• Hydrant Valve, is an output component on a hydrant system that is inside a building or
room. This component has a connection that can be connected directly to the fire hose,
to drain water to the point of fire.
• Hydrant box, this component is designed to protect extinguishers from physical damage,
dust, and extreme weather. This component can also make it easier for firefighters to
Edbert Lim
(024202200014)

access the equipment. Some of the tools in the hydrant box include hydrant hose, hydrant
nozzle, hose rack, hydrant key.

The last system is the sprinkler system, this is a system that sprinkles water from the ceiling of the
building or room as a whole. This system is usually equipped with fire detection sensors. Sensors
can be smoke detectors or detect temperature changes.

5. Security systems in inclusive buildings include, there are guiding blocks properly so that the safety
of the blind is maintained. There is also an alarm in the form of light so that in the event of a
disaster or fire the deaf can still respond well. In addition to providing emergency stairs, there
should also be an emergency ramp for people with disabilities who use wheelchairs.