1

the measure of
the hotness or the coldness
of a body

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Temperature is measured in ...

Kelvin and Celsius

SI unit Practical
unit

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Symbols Kelvin Celsius
T t or q

T/K
t / °C

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Relationship … Kelvin and Celsius

t / °C = T / K ­ 273.15

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Thermometers measure temperature.
Thermometric Property
• A physical property
• that changes measurably
• with temperature

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 Thermometric Property ­ Examples
• Length of a liquid column
• e.m.f. of a thermocouple
• pressure of a gas at constant volume
• volume of a gas at constant pressure
• resistance
• colour

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 Thermometric Property ­ Examples
• Length of a liquid column

Mercury­in­glass thermometer
Alcohol­in­glass thermometer
7 8 ° C
+
15 ° C
3 5 7 °C ­1
+
Laboratory thermometer
° C
­ 39
Clinical thermometer L
(Barometer) / Thermometer

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 Thermometric Property ­ Examples
• e.m.f. of a thermocouple

Infra­red
Car engine temperature
(but …)

­ 200 °C to 1700 °C

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Thermometric Properties
Volume of a gas at constant pressure

Volume increases
measurably
with temperature

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Thermometric Property ­ Examples
• Pressure of a gas at constant volume

Pressure increases
measurably
with temperature

V o l u m e
o n s t a nt
C o m e t e r
T h er m
Gas

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 Thermometric Property ­ Examples

• Resistance Metal (Platinum)

Thermistor (Semiconductor)

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Using A Thermometric Property
To Measure Temperature

In pure In steam
melting above
ice boiling water

Mark ...

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Using A Thermometric Property Warm water temp. = ??
To Measure Temperature
Measure L …
Calculate q from graph
Length

L
LSTEAM
LICE
0°C q 100°C

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Using A Thermometric Property Warm water temp. = ??
To Measure Temperature
Measure R …
Calculate q from graph

Resistance

RICE RSTEAM
0°C q 100°C

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 Temperature of the warm water =

55.3 ° … using the Mercury thermometer

55.7 °C … using the Resistance thermometer

The different thermometric properties

vary differently with temperature.

All agree at … 0 °C and 100 °C

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A standard thermometer is needed.

In school lab.
… a mercury­in­glass thermometer

Calibrate other thermometers using this.

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 “Fever Strip ..”
Clinical Thermometer
Liquid Crystals

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 Infra­Red Radiation
Thermometer
Provides accurate and rapid
temperature readings from the ear
within three seconds.

Measures the temperature of the

infrared heat given by the eardrum
and surrounding tissues

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Thermocouple
­ DataStudio

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Bimetallic Thermometers

Oven Refrigerator

Lab.

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 Boiler Thermometer

• Thin copper pipe

• “Santotherm” expands
• Pressure on diaphragm
• Turns needle

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Car ­ Temperature Gauge
Thermistor (or Thermocouple)

Platinum Resistance Thermometer

Thermocouples
Constant Volume Gas Thermometer (Standard)
Optical Pyrometers

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To Plot The Calibration Curve Of A Thermometer Using
The Laboratory Mercury Thermometer As A Standard

APPARATUS
Alcohol thermometer (on metre stick)
Mercury Thermometer
Beaker & water, etc.

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To Plot The Calibration Curve Of A Thermometer Using
The Laboratory Mercury Thermometer As A Standard

PROCEDURE
1. Heat gently
… take readings every 10°
2. Measure (2)
… Length of .. & Temperature
3. L=?
Temperature from mercury thermometer
4. Repeat, every 10°, to graph.

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To Plot The Calibration Curve Of A Thermometer Using
The Laboratory Mercury Thermometer As A Standard

RESULTS
Length

Temperature
PRECAUTIONS
1. Heat gently … thermal equilibrium
2. Etc.

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Calibration Curve ­ Measuring Temperature With It

Length
L

L
Temperature

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Absolute Zero ­ 273.15 °C
Freezer ­ 18 °C
Fridge / Ice­box ­ 4 °C
Water Freezes 0 °C
Fridge ­ Main + 4 °C
Room Temp. + 20 °C
Body Temp. + 37.0 °C
Water Boils +100 °C

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Alcohol freezes ­ 115 °C
Alcohol boils + 78 °C
Mercury freezes ­ 39 °C
Mercury boils + 357 °C
Chips + 200 °C
Horse + 38.3 °C
Bunsen flame + 1500 °C
Filament + 2500 °C
Sun’s surface + 6000 °C
H­bomb / A­bomb Millions
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