CBSE 2023 EXAMINATIONS

XII MATHEMATICS (041)

Series EF1GH/1 ♦ Q.P. Code 65/1/1; 65/1/2; 65/1/3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time Allowed : 180 Minutes Max. Marks : 80
General Instructions :
1. This Question paper contains five sections - A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQs and 02 Assertion-Reason (A-R) based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 05 questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 06 questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 04 questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 03 Case-study / Source-based / Passage-based questions with sub-parts (4
marks each).
3. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in
 02 Questions of Section B
 03 Questions of Section C
 02 Questions of Section D
 02 Questions of Section E
You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.

 Q.P. Code - 65/1/1

SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
01. If for a square matrix A, A 2  3A  I  O and A 1  xA  y I, then the value of x  y is
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 3
2
Sol. (b) A  3A  I  O
 A 1 (A A  3A  I)  A 1O
 (A 1A) A  3A 1A  A 1 I  O
 I A  3I  A 1  O
 A 1   A  3I …(i)
On comparing (i) with A 1  xA  y I, we get x  1, y  3
Therefore, x  y  1  3  2 .
02. If A  2 , where A is a 2  2 matrix, then 4A 1 equals
1
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d)
32
1 1
Sol. (c) 4A 1  42 A 1  16 A  16 
8.
2
03. Let A be a 3  3 matrix such that adj A  64. Then A is equal to
(a) 8 only (b) 8 only (c) 64 (d) 8 or 8
31
Sol. (d) adj A  A  64
2
 A  64  A  8 .
3 4
04. If A    and 2A  B is a null matrix, then B is equal to
5 2 

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 6 8  6 8  5 8  5 8
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
10 4   10 4  10 3  10 3
Sol. (b)  2A  B  O
 6 8
 B  2A   .
 10 4
d
05. If (f (x))  log x, then f (x) equals
dx
1 1
(a)   C (b) x(log x  1)  C (c) x(log x  x)  C (d) C
x x
Sol. (b) On rewriting, d(f (x))  log x dx
  d(f (x))   log x dx
 d 
 f (x)  log x  1dx    (log x) 1dx  dx
 dx 
1 
 f (x)  x log x     x  dx
x 
 f (x)  x log x   1dx
 f (x)  x log x  x  C  x(log x  1)  C .

6
2  
06.  sec
0
 x   dx is equal to
 6
1 1
(a) (b)  (c) 3 (d)  3
3 3
 
6
      6        
Sol. (a)  sec 2  x   dx   tan  x      tan     tan  0   
0  6   6  0   6 6   6 
 1
 tan 0  tan  .
6 3
3
d 2 y  dy 
07. The sum of the order and the degree of the differential equation     sin y is
dx 2  dx 
(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Sol. (c) Order is 2 and degree is 1; required sum is 3.
08. The value of p for which the vectors 2i  pj  k and  4i  6j  26k are perpendicular to each
other, is
17 17
(a) 3 (b) 3 (c)  (d)
3 3
Sol.     
(a)  (2i  p j  k)  (4i  6 j  26k) 

 (2i  pj  k)
  (4i  6j  26k)
 0
 8  6p  26  0
 p  3.
09. The value of (i  j).j  (j  i).k is
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 1

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Sol. (d) (i  j).j  (j  i).k  kˆ . j  ( k).k

ˆ   0  1  1 .
   
10. If a  b  i and a  2i  2j  2k,  then b equals

(a) 14 (b) 3 (c) 12 (d) 17

    
Sol. (b) a  b  i  b  i  a  i  2j  2k

 b  1 4  4  3 .
x  1 1  y 2z  1
11. Direction cosines of the line   are
2 3 12
2 3 6 2 3 12
(a) , , (b) , ,
7 7 7 157 157 157
2 3 6 2 3 6
(c) ,  ,  (d) ,  ,
7 7 7 7 7 7
1
z
x  1 y 1 2
Sol. (d) Rewriting the given line,  
2 3 6
The direction ratios of the line are 2, –3, 6.
2 (3) 6 2 3 6
Therefore the direction cosines of the line are  , ,  i.e.,  ,  ,  .
4  9  36 49 7 7 7 7
A  B
12. If P    0.3, P(A)  0.4 and P(B)  0.8, then P   is equal to
B A
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.06 (d) 0.4
A P(A  B)
Sol. (a) P    0.3   0.3
B P(B)
 P(A  B)  0.3  0.8  0.24
 B  P(B  A) 0.24
 P     0.6 .
A P(A) 0.4
3x  5, x  2
13. The value of k for which f (x)   2
is a continuous function, is
 kx , x  2
11 4 11
(a)  (b) (c) 11 (d)
4 11 4
Sol. (d)  f (2)  lim f (x) i.e.,  f (2)  lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x2 x2 x 2
2
 3(2)  5  lim (kx )
x2
 11  (k  4)
11
k  .
4
 0 1
14. If A    and (3I 4 A)(3 I 4 A)  x 2 I, then the value(s) x is/are
 1 0 
(a)  7 (b) 0 (c) 5 (d) 25
 0 1   0 1   1 0 
Sol. (c) A 2       I
 1 0   1 0   0 1
Now (3 I 4 A)(3I 4 A)  x 2 I  9 I  16A 2  x 2 I

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 9 I  16 ( I)  x 2 I
 25 I  x 2 I
 x 2  25
 x  5 .
15. The general solution of the differential equation x dy  (1  x 2 ) dx  dx is
x3 x3
(a) y  2x  C (b) y  2 log x  C
3 3
x2 x2
(c) y  C (d) y  2 log x  C
2 2
2 
Sol. (d) On rewriting the D.E., dy    x  dx
x 
2 
On integrating,  dy     x  dx
x 
2
x
 y  2 log x   C .
2
16. If f (x)  a(x  cos x) is strictly decreasing in , then ‘a’ belongs to
(a) {0} (b) (0, ) (c) ( , 0) (d) (  , )
Sol. (c) f (x)  a(1  sin x)
As 1  sin x  1  x   i.e., 0  1  sin x  2
Also for strictly decreasing function, we must have f (x)  0 i.e., f (x)  a(1  sin x)  0
Since 1  sin x  0 therefore, ‘a’ must belong to negative real nos. so that f (x)  0 .
That is, a  ( , 0) .
Note that, here f (x) is decreasing function in  .
17. The corner points of the feasible region in the graphical representation of a linear programming
problem are (2, 72) , (15, 20) and (40, 15). If z  18x  9y be the objective function, then
(a) z is maximum at (2, 72), minimum at (15, 20)
(b) z is maximum at (15, 20), minimum at (40, 15)
(c) z is maximum at (40, 15), minimum at (15, 20)
(d) z is maximum at (40, 15), minimum at (2, 72)
Sol. (c) Let A(2, 72), B(15, 20) and C(40, 15). Then, z A  684, z B  450, z C  855 .
18. The number of corner points of the feasible region determined by the constraints
x  y  0, 2y  x  2, x  0, y  0 is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
Sol. (a) Consider the graph shown below.

Clearly, we have two corner points

of the feasible region, at A and O.

Question number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two
statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

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(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
3   5 
19. Assertion (A) : The range of the function f (x)  2sin 1 x  , where x  [1, 1], is  ,  .
2 2 2 
1
Reason (R) : The range of the principal value branch of sin (x) is [0, ].
 
Sol. (c) Since   sin 1 x   x  [1,1]
2 2
3 3 3
   2sin 1 x       2sin 1 x   
2 2 2
 5   5 
  f (x)  i.e., Range of f (x)   , . Therefore, Assertion (A) is true.
2 2  2 2 
Also, Reason (R) is false.
20. Assertion (A) : Equation of a line passing through the points (1, 2, 3) and (3,  1, 3) is
x  3 y 1 z  3
  .
2 3 0
Reason (R) : Equation of a line passing through points (x1 , y1 , z1 ), (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) is given by
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
  .
x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1
Sol. (d) Note that the direction ratios of the line passing through the points (1, 2, 3) and (3,  1, 3) are
2, –3, 0. Therefore, Assertion (A) is false. Also, note that the Reason (R) is true.
SECTION B
This section comprises very short answer (VSA) type questions of 2 marks each.
21. (a) A function f : A  B defined as f (x)  2 x is both one-one and onto. If A  {1, 2, 3, 4},
then find the set B.
OR
 3   3 
(b) Evaluate sin 1  sin   cos1  cos   tan 1 (1) .
 4   4 
Sol. f :{1, 2, 3, 4}  B , f (x)  2 x is both one-one and onto.
So, f (1)  2, f (2)  4, f (3)  6, f (4)  8 .
Therefore, set B  {2, 4, 6, 8} .
OR
 3   3       3 
sin 1  sin   cos 1  cos   tan 1 (1)  sin 1  sin       
 4   4    4  4 4
   5
 sin 1  sin        .
 4 4 4
22. Find all the vectors of magnitude 3 3 which are collinear to vector i  j  k. 
i  j  k i  j  k
Sol. Unit vectors in the direction of i  j  k   
111 3
 i  j  k 
Required vectors of magnitude 3 3 will be 3 3  
    (3i  3j  3k)
 .
 3 
  
23. (a) Position vectors of the points A, B and C as shown in the figure below are a, b and c
respectively.
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 5    
If AC  AB, express c in terms of a and b.
4
OR
(b) Check whether the lines given by equations x  2  2, y  7  1, z  3  3 and
x    2, y  2  8, z  4  5 are perpendicular to each other or not.
 5   5 
Sol. Since AC  AB so, AC  AB i.e., 4 AC  5 AB
4 4
 4 (AB  BC)  5 AB
AB
 4 BC  AB i.e., 4 
BC
Therefore, B divides AC in 4:1.
 
 4OC  1OA 4 c  a
Now OB  
 4  1 5
 
 5b  4c  a
 
 5b  a
c  .
4
OR
x  2 y 1 z  3 x  2 y8 z 5
Rewriting the given equations,   and   .
2 7 3 1 2 4
The direction ratios of the lines are 2, 7, –3 and –1, 2, 4.
Since 2(1)  7(2)  (3)4  2  14  12  0 ( a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2  0 for  lines
Hence, the lines are perpendicular to each other.
2
 dy 
24. If y  (x  x  1) , then show that (x  1)    4y 2 .
2 2 2

 dx 
Sol. y  (x  x 2  1)2
dy  x 
  2(x  x 2  1)  1  
dx  x2 1 
dy  x 2 1  x 
  2(x  x 2  1)  
dx  x 2
 1 
 
dy
 x2 1  2(x  x 2  1) 2  2y
dx
2
 dy 
On squaring both sides, (x 2  1)    4y 2 .
 dx 
16sin x  
25. Show that the function f (x)   x , is strictly decreasing in  ,   .
4  cos x 2 
16sin x
Sol. f (x)  x
4  cos x
(4  cos x)(16 cos x)  16sin x ( sin x)
 f (x)  1
(4  cos x) 2

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64cos x  16 (sin 2 x  cos2 x)

 f (x)  1
(4  cos x) 2
64cos x  16  16  cos2 x  8cos x
 f (x) 
(4  cos x)2
56cos x  cos2 x (56  cos x) cos x
 f (x)  
(4  cos x)2 (4  cos x)2
  (56  cos x) cos x
In  ,   , cos x  0 so,  0 i.e., f (x)  0
2  (4  cos x)2
 
So, f (x) is strictly decreasing in  ,   .
2 
SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.

2
26. Evaluate  [log(sin x)  log(2cos x)]dx .
0

2
Sol. Let I   [log(sin x)  log(2 cos x)]dx
0

2
 sin x 
 I   log   dx
0  2 cos x 

2
 I    log tan x  log 2 dx …(i)
0

2
   
 I    log tan   x   log 2  dx
0 2  

2
 I    log cot x  log 2 dx
0

2
 I     log tan x  log 2 dx …(ii)
0

2
 /2  
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 2 I    2log 2 dx  2log 2  x 0  2log 2   0 
0 2 
  1
 I   log 2  log   .
2 2 2
1
27. Find  dx .
x ( x  1)( x  2)
dx
Sol. Put x  1  t   2dt
x

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1 1 1 1 
  dx  2  dt  2    dt  2  log t  log t  1   c
x ( x  1)( x  2) t(t  1)  t (t  1) 
x 1
 2log c.
x 2
dy
28. (a) Find the particular solution of the differential equation  sec2 x . y  tan x .sec2 x, given
dx
that y(0)  0.
OR
(b) Solve the differential equation given by x dy  y dx  x 2  y 2 dx  0.
dy
Sol. (a) On comparing the given D.E. with  P(x)y  Q(x) , we get
dx
P(x)  sec2 x, Q(x)  tan x.sec 2 x
2

Now integrating factor  e 

sec x dx
 e tan x .
Then the solution of D.E. is given by e tan x  y   e tan x tan x .sec2 x dx  c
Put tan x  t  sec2 x dx  dt
 e t  y   e t t dt  c
d 
 e t  y  t  e t dt    (t)  e t dt  dt  c
 dt 
 e  y  t e   1e dt  c  t e  e t  c
t t t t

 e tan x  y  (tan x  1) e tan x  c

It is given that y(0)  0 so, e tan 0  0  (tan 0  1) e tan 0  c  c 1
Hence, the required particular solution is e  y  (tan x  1) e tan x  1 or, y  tan x  1  e tan x .
tan x

OR
2
dy y x 2  y2 dy y y
(b) Rewriting the D.E.,   i.e.,   1  
dx x x dx x x
dy dv
Put y  vx   vx
dx dx
dv
 vx  v  1  v2
dx
dv dx
 
1  v2 x
 log v  1  v 2  log x  log c

y  x 2  y2
 log  log x  log c
x

 log y  x 2  y 2  2log x  log c

 y  x 2  y 2  c x 2 is the required general solution of D.E.

29. Solve graphically the following linear programming problem.

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Maximize z  6x  3y ,
Subject to the constraints
4x  y  80,
3x  2y  150,
x  5y  115,
x  0, y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.
Corner points Value of z
A(2, 72) 228
B(15, 20) 150
C(40, 15) 285  Max. value

Therefore, the maximum value of z is

285 and it is obtained at (40, 15).

30. (a) The probability distribution of a random variable X is given below:

X 1 2 3
k k k
P(X)
2 3 6
(i) Find the value of k.
(ii) Find P(1  X  3).
(iii) Find E(X), then mean of X .
OR
1 1
(b) A and B are independent events such that P(A B)  and P(A  B)  . Find P(A) and
4 6
P(B).
Sol. (a) (i) Since  P(X)  1 so, P(1)  P(2)  P(3)  1
k k k
   1
2 3 6
3k  2k  k
 1
6
6k
 1 k  1 .
6
k k 1 1 5
(ii) P(1  X  3)  P(1)  P(2) 
    .
2 3 2 3 6
k k k 2k 5k 5
(iii) E(X)   X P(X)  1  2   3   k    .
2 3 6 3 3 3
OR
(b) If A and B are independent events then, A and B ; A and B are also independent events.

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1 1
Therefore, P(A B)  and P(A  B) 
4 6
1 1
 P(A) P(B)  and P(A) P(B) 
4 6
1 1
 P(A) 1  P(B)  and 1  P(A) P(B) 
4 6
1 1
 P(A)  and P(B) 
4 1  P(B) 6 1  P(A)
1
On solving, P(A) 
 1 
4 1  
 6  6 P(A) 
6  6 P(A)
 4 P(A) 
5  6 P(A)
 20 P(A)  24{P(A)}2  6  6 P(A)
 12{P(A)}2  13P(A)  3  0
 {3P(A)  1}{4P(A)  3}  0
1 3
P(A)  , .
3 4
1 1 1 1
When P(A)  , P(B)    ;
3  1 2 4
6 1   6 
 3 3
3 1 1 2
When P(A)  , P(B)    .
4  3 1 3
6 1   6 
 4 4

2
31. (a) Evaluate  e x sin x dx .
0

OR
1
(b) Find  dx .
cos(x  a) cos(x  b)
 d 
Sol. (a) Let I   e x sin x dx  e x  sin x dx    (e x )  sin x dx  dx
 dx 
x x
 I  e cos x   e cos x dx
 d 
 I  e x cos x  e x  cos x dx    (e x ) cos x dx  dx
 dx 
x x x
 I  e cos x  e sin x   e sin x dx
 I  e x cos x  e x sin x  I
ex
 I   sin x  cos x 
2

/ 2
2
 ex   e / 2  1
Now  e sin x dx   sin x  cos x    
x
1  0     0  1 
0  2 0  2  2 
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e / 2 1 1  / 2
   e  1 .
2 2 2
OR
1 1 sin  (x  b)  (x  a)
(b)  dx   dx
cos(x  a) cos(x  b) sin(a  b) cos(x  a) cos(x  b)
1 sin(x  b) cos(x  a)  sin(x  a) cos(x  b)
  dx
sin(a  b) cos(x  a) cos(x  b)
1
  tan (x  b)  tan (x  a) dx
sin(a  b) 
1
  log cos (x  b)  log cos (x  a)   c
sin(a  b) 
1 cos (x  a)
  log c.
sin(a  b) cos (x  b)

SECTION D
This section comprises long answer (LA) type questions of 5 marks each.
32. A relation R is defined on a set of real number  as
R  {(x, y) : x. y is an irrational number}.
Check whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive or not.
Sol. Let x   . Since x .x  x 2 is a rational number, that means (x, x)  R .
Therefore, R is not reflexive.
Let x, y   . Let (x, y)  R .
That is, x .y is an irrational number.
That implies, y.x is also an irrational number.
That is, (y, x)  R .
Therefore, R is symmetric.
Let x  2, y  3, z  2 2 . Let ( 2,3)  R and (3, 2 2)  R .
Note that, 2 .3  3 2 is an irrational number and; 3.2 2  6 2 is also an irrational number.
But 2 .2 2  4 is not an irrational number.
That implies, ( 2, 2 2)  R .
Therefore, R is not transitive.
 1 2 2   3 1 1 
33. (a) If A  1 3 0 and B   15 6 5 , find (AB) 1 .
  1
   
 0 2 1   5 2 2 
OR
(b) Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:
x  2y  3z  6,
2x  y  z  2,
3x  2y  2z  3.
 1 2 2 
Sol. (a) For A   1 3 0  , A  0  2(0  2)  1(3  2)  1 .
 0 2 1 

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3 2 6 3 2 6
  adj.A 
Also adj.A  1 1 2 1
A   1 1 2
  A  
 2 2 5   2 2 5 
 3 1 1   3 2 6   9 1 2 6 1  2 18  2  5 
So, (AB)  B A   15 6 5   1 1 2 
1 1 1   45  6  10 30  6  10 90  12  25

 
 5 2 2   2 2 5   15  2  4 10  2  4 30  4  10 
 10 7 21 
 49 34 103 .

 
 17 12 36 
OR
(b) Given x  2y  3z  6, 2x  y  z  2, 3x  2y  2z  3 can be written as
1 2 3   x  6 1 2 3 
 2 1 1 y  2 ; where A   2 1 1  .
    
      
 3 2 2   z  3   3 2 2 
Now A  1(0)  2( 7)  3(7)  14  21  35 .
 0 10 5   0 10 5
adj.A 1 
Also adj.A  7 11 5  A  1
 7 11 5 
  A 35  
7 4 5 7 4 5
1 2 3   x  6 x 6   0 10 5  6 
        1   1 
Now  2 1 1   y    2 implies,  y   A  2   7 11 5   2 
35   
 3 2 2   z  3   z  3   7 4 5 3 
x  0  20  15  1
  1 
 y  42  22  15  1
  35    
 z   42  8  15  1
By equality of matrices, we get x  1, y  1, z  1 .
34. (a) Find the vector and the Cartesian equations of a line passing through the point (1, 2,  4) and
parallel to the line joining the points A(3, 3,  5) and B(1, 0,  11). Hence, find the distance
between the two lines.
OR
(b) Find the equations of the line passing through the points A(1, 2, 3) and B(3, 5, 9). Hence,
find the coordinates of the points on this line which are at a distance of 14 units from point B.
Sol. (a) The direction ratios of the line AB : 2, 3, 6.
The Cartesian equation of line passing through the point (1, 2, –4) and parallel to the line AB is
x 1 y  2 z  4
  .
2 3 6
( The direction ratios of parallel lines are proportional

Also, the vector equation is r  ˆi  2ˆj  4kˆ   (2iˆ  3jˆ  6k)
ˆ .
 ˆ
Equation of line AB : r  i  11kˆ   (2iˆ  3jˆ  6k)
ˆ .
 
ˆ a  ˆi  11k,
Here a1  ˆi  2ˆj  4k, ˆ b  2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ
2

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ˆi ˆj kˆ
    
 a 2  a1  2ˆj  7k,
ˆ (a  a )  b  0 2 7  9iˆ  14ˆj  4kˆ
2 1

2 3 6
  
(a 2  a1 )  b 81  196  16 293
Required distance, S.D.     units.
b 4  9  36 7
OR
x 1 y  2 z  3 x 1 y  2 z  3
(b) Equation of line AB :   i.e.,  
3 1 5  2 9  3 2 3 6
x 1 y  2 z  3
The coordinates of any random point on     : P(2  1,3  2, 6  3) .
2 3 6
Since PB  (2  1  3) 2  (3  2  5) 2  (6  3  9) 2  14
 (2  2)2  (3  3) 2  (6  6) 2  14
 4 2  8  4  9 2  18  9  36 2  72  36  196
 49 2  98  147  0
  2  2  3  0
 (  1)(  3)  0
   1, 3
Therefore, the required points are (1,  1,  3); (7,11, 21) .
35. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve x 2  y, y  x  2 and x-axis, using integration.
Sol. Consider the diagram given below.
Solving x 2  y, y  x  2 , we get
 x  1, 2
Points of intersection : (1,1); (2, 4) .

1 0
Required area   (x  2)dx   (x 2 )dx
2 1
1 1 1 0
 (x  2)2    x 3 
2 2 3 1

1 1
 1  0   0  (1) 
2 3
1 1
 
2 3
5
 Sq.units .
6
SECTION E
(Question numbers 36 to 38 carry 4 marks each.)
This section contains three Case-study / Passage based questions.
First two questions have three sub-parts (i), (ii) and (iii) of marks 1, 1 and 2 respectively.
Third question has two sub-parts of 2 marks each.
CASE STUDY I
36. There are different types of Yoga which involve the usage of different poses of Yoga Asanas,
Meditation and Pranayam as shown in the figure below:

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The venn diagram below represents the probabilities of

three different types of Yoga A, B and C performed by the
people of a society.
Further, it is given that probability of a member performing
type C Yoga is 0.44.

On basis of the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the value of x.
(ii) Find the value of y.
C
(iii) Find P   .
 B
OR
(iii) Find the probability that a randomly selected person of the society does Yoga of type A or B
but not C.
Sol. (i) Given that P(C)  0.44
 x  0.21  0.44  x  0.23 .
(ii) As 0.32  0.09  y  x  0.21  0.11  1
 0.73  y  0.23  1  y  0.04 .
 C  P(C  B) x
(iii) P    
B P(B) 0.09  y  x
0.23 23
  .
0.36 36
OR
(iii) P(A or B but not C)  P(A  B)  P(B  C)  [P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B)]  P(B  C)
 [(0.32  0.09)  (0.09  y  x)  0.09]  x  0.41  0.04  0.45 .
CASE STUDY II
37. A tank, as shown in the figure below, formed using a combination of a cylinder and a cone,
offers better drainage as compared to a flat bottomed tank.

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A tap is connected to such a tank whose conical part is full

of water. Water is dripping out from a tap at the bottom at
the uniform rate of 2 cm3 /s.
The semi-vertical angle of the conical tank is 45.

On the basis of given information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the volume of water in the tank in terms of its radius r .
(ii) Find rate of change of radius at an instant when r  2 2 cm.
(iii) Find the rate at which the wet surface of the conical tank is decreasing at an instant when
radius r  2 2 cm.
OR
(iii) Find the rate of change of height ‘h’ at an instant when slant height is 4 cm.
Sol. (i) Consider the diagram shown below.
Note that CD  r , VC  h and VD  x (slant height).
Also semi-vertical angle of the cone is, CVD  45.
In VCD ,
CD
 tan 45o
VC
r h.
Note that the conical part of the tank is full of water
and we have to find the volume of water in the tank in
terms of its radius r.
1
Therefore the volume of cone, V   r 2 h
3
1
 V   r2  r
3

 V   r3 .
3

(ii) As V   r 3
3
dV dr
   r 2 
dt dt
dr 2
 
dt  r 2
dr 2 1
When r  2 2 cm,   cm/s .
dt  8 4
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CD
(iii) In VCD ,  sin 45o
VD
 xr 2.
Wet surface area of the conical tank, A   r x   2  r 2
dA dr
  2 2  r 
dt dt
dA  1 
When r  2 2 cm,  2 2  2 2      2 cm2 /s .
dt  4 
Hence, the required rate of decrease is 2 cm2 /s .
OR
 3  3
(iii) Since V   r   h { r  h in (i)
3 3
dV dh
   h 2 
dt dt
2 dh  x 2  r 2  h 2  2h 2
 2    h  
dt When x  4 cm, h  2 2 cm
dh 2 1
   cm/s .
dt  (8) 4
CASE STUDY III
38. The equation of the path traced by a roller-coaster is given by the polynomial
f (x)  a (x  9)(x  1)(x  3).
If the roller-coaster crosses y-axis at a point (0,  1), answer the following questions.

(i) Find the value of ‘a’.

(ii) Find f (x) at x  1.
Sol. (i) As the roller-coaster crosses y-axis at a point (0,  1) so, 1  a (0  9)(0  1)(0  3)
1
a  .
27
1
(ii) f (x)  a (x  9)(x  1)(x  3) becomes f (x)  (x  9)(x 2  2x  3)
27
1 1
 f (x)   (x  9)(2x  2)  (x 2  2x  3)(1)   3x 2  14x  21
27 27
1
 f (x)   6x  14
27

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1 20
At x  1, f (x)   6 1  14  .
27 27

 Q.P. Code - 65/1/2

1  tan x
01.  1  tan x dx is equal to
   
(a) sec 2   x   C (b) sec 2   x   C
4  4 
   
(c) log sec   x   C (d) log sec   x   C
4  4 
1  tan x    
Sol. (c)  dx   tan   x  dx  log sec   x   C .
1  tan x 4  4 
05. If the vector i  bj  k is equally inclined to the coordinate axes, then the value of b is
1
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c)  3 (d) 
3
i  bj  k
Sol. (a) Unit vector in the direction of i  bj  k 
b2  2
1 b 1
The direction cosines of i  bj  k are , ,
b2  2 b2  2 b2  2
 i  bj  k is equally inclined to the coordinate axes so,      i.e., cos   cos   cos  .
1 b
Therefore,   b  1 .
2 2
b 2 b 2
07. Direction cosines of a line perpendicular to both x-axis and z-axis are
(a) 1, 0, 1 (b) 1, 1, 1 (c) 0, 0, 1 (d) 0, 1, 0
Sol. (d)  cos   cos   cos   1
2 2 2

 cos 2 90o  cos2   cos2 90o  1

 0  cos2   0  1   0o
Hence, the required direction cosines of the line are 0, 1, 0.
 k(3x 2  5 x) , x  0
09. For what value of k may the function f (x)   becomes continuous?
 cos x , x  0
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c)  (d) No value
2
Sol. (d) For function to be continuous, lim f (x)  f (0) i.e., lim f (x)  lim f (x)  f (0)
x 0 x 0 x 0
2
 lim cos x  k 3(0)  5(0) 
x 0
 1  k  0 i.e., 1  0 (which is absurd).
Therefore, there is ‘no value’ of k for which the function may become continuous.
A 1 1
16. If  , where A is a 3  3 matrix, then the value of k is
2 kA
1 1
(a) (b) 8 (c) 2 (d)
8 2

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A 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol. (b)   3
A  A
2 kA 2 k
1 1 1 1
 A  A
8 k
 k  8.
20. Assertion (A) : The number of onto functions from a set P containing 5 elements to a set Q
containing 2 elements is 30.
Reason (R) : Number of onto functions from a set containing m elements to a set containing n
elements is n m .
Sol. (c) Here n(P)  5, n(Q)  2 .
2
No. of onto functions from P to Q   (1)r  2Cr  (2  r)5
r 0

 (1)  C 0  (2  0)5  (1)1  2 C1  (2  1)5  (1) 2  2 C 2  (2  2)5

0 2

 32  (1)1  2  1  0  32  2  30 .
Therefore, Assertion (A) is true.
Also if n(P)  m, n(Q)  n then, no. of functions from set P to set Q is n m .
That means, Reason (R) is not true, as it mentions about the number of onto functions.
x
23. Find the sub-intervals in which f (x)  log(2  x)  , x  2 is increasing or decreasing.
2x
Sol. Note that, f (x) is defined if 2  x  0, 2  x  0 i.e., x  2 .
Domain of f (x)  x  (2, ) .
x 2
Now f (x)  log(2  x)   log(2  x)  1 
2x 2 x
1 2 x
 f (x)   
2  x (2  x)2 (2  x) 2
In x  (2, 0], f (x)  0 so the function f (x) is decreasing in x  (2, 0] .
In x  [0, ), f (x)  0 so the function f (x) is increasing in x  [0, ) .
       
25. For two non-zero vectors a and b, if a  b  a  b , then find the angle between a and b.
   
Sol. ab  ab
 2  2
 ab  ab
       
 (a  b)  (a  b)  (a  b)  (a  b)
2   2 2   2
 a  2a  b  b  a  2a  b  b
 
 4a  b  0
 
 a b  0
   
Since a and b are non-zero vectors so, a  b .
 
Hence, the angle between a and b is 90o .
x 
e x/y   1
26. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation :
dx
  y .
dy 1  e x/y
OR

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dy
(b) Find the particular solution of the differential equation  cot x . y  cos 2 x, given that
dx

when x  , y  0.
2
x 
e x/ y   1
Sol. (a) Given D.E. is
dx
 y 
dy 1  e x/ y
dx dv
Put x  vy  vy
dy dy
dv e v (v  1)
 D.E. will become v  y 
dy 1  ev
dv e v (v  1)
y  v
dy 1  ev
dv e v  v
y 
dy 1  e v
ev  1 dy
 v dv   
e v y
 log e v  v   log y  log c
 x
 log y  e x/ y    log c
 y
x/y
 y e  x  c is the required general solution of D.E.
OR
dy
(b) On comparing the given D.E. with  P(x)y  Q(x) , we get P(x)  cot x, Q(x)  cos 2 x
dx
Now integrating factor  e 
cot xdx
 e log sin x  sin x .
The solution of D.E. is given by, y sin x   cos2 x sin x dx  c
In the integral, put cos x  t  sin x dx  dt
t3
 ysin x    t 2 dt  c   c
3
cos3 x
 ysin x   c
3

cos3
  2 c
It is given that when x  , y  0 so, 0sin  
2 2 3
0
 0 1    c  c  0.
3
cos3 x
Hence, the particular solution is given by y sin x   i.e., 3ysin x  cos3 x  0 .
3
27. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.
Maximize P  100x  5y
Subject to the constraints

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CBSE 2023 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)

x  y  300,
3x  y  600,
y  x  200,
x ,  0.
Sol. Consider the graph given below.

Corner points Value of P  100x  5y

A(0, 200) 1000
B(50, 250) 6250
C(150, 150) 15750
D(200, 0) 20000  Max. value
O(0, 0) 0

Therefore, the maximum value of P is 20000 and it

is obtained at (200, 0).


2
30. Evaluate  sin x  cos x dx .
0
  
2 4 2
Sol. Let I   sin x  cos x dx   sin x  cos x dx   sin x  cos x dx
0 0 
4
 
4 2
 I    (sin x  cos x) dx   (sin x  cos x) dx
0 
4
 /4 / 2
 I   cos x  sin x 0    cos x  sin x / 4
 I   2  1   1  2 
 I  2 ( 2  1) .
Q33. Find the area of the region {(x, y) : x 2  y 2  1  x  y} , using integration.
Sol. Consider x 2  y 2  1, x  y  1
On solving, x 2  (1  x) 2  1
 2x(x  1)  0
 x  0, 1
Points of intersection : (0,1); (1, 0) .
1 1
Required area   1  x 2 dx   (1  x)dx
0 0
1
x 1  1 1
  1  x 2  sin 1 x    (1  x) 2 
2 2 0 2 0

 1   1
  0      0  0    02  1
 2 2  2

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 1
    Sq.units .
 4 2

 Q.P. Code - 65/1/3

02. The direction ratios of a line parallel to z-axis are
(a)  1, 1, 0  (b)  1, 1, 1  (c)  0, 0, 0  (d)  0, 0, 1 
Sol. (d) The direction ratios of a line parallel to z-axis are  0, 0, 1  .
03. Ashima can hit a target 2 out of 3 times. She tried to hit the target twice. The probability that she
missed the target exactly once is
2 1 4 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 9 9
2 1
Sol. (c) Let E be the event that Ashima hits the target. So, P(E)  , P(E)  .
3 3
2 1 4
Required probability  P(E) P(E)  P(E ) P(E)  2P(E) P(E)  2    .
3 3 9
04. The function f (x)  x  x is
(a) continuous but not differentiable at x  0
(b) continuous and differentiable at x  0
(c) neither continuous nor differentiable at x  0
(d) differentiable but not continuous at x  0
Sol. (a) The function f (x)  x  x is continuous but not differentiable at x  0 .
x 2 
11. If   is a singular matrix, then the product of all possible values of x is
 3 x  1
(a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 0 (d) 7
x 2  x 2
Sol. (b) Since   is a singular matrix so, 0
 3 x  1 3 x 1
 x2  x  6  0
 (x  3)(x  2)  0
 x  3,  2
Required product  (3)(2)  6 .
2
14. The primitive of is
1  cos 2 x
(a) sec2 x (b) 2sec 2 x tan x (c) tan x (d)  cot x
2 2
Sol. (c)  dx   2
dx   sec 2 x dx  tan x .
1  cos 2 x 2 cos x
18. For what value of  , the projection of vector i   j on vector i  j is 2 ?
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3
(i   j)  (i  j)
Sol. (a) Since  2
2
 1    2   1 .
21. If the product of two positive numbers is 9, find the numbers so that the sum of their squares is
minimum.
9
Sol. Let one of the number be x so, the other number will be .
x
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81
Let P  x 2 
x2
dP 162 d2P 486
  2x  3 and 2
 2 4
dx x dx x
dP 162 x 4  81
For  0, 2x  3  0  0 x  3
dx x x3
 d2P  486
 2  2  26 8  0
 dx at x 3 81
 P is minimum at x  3 .
Hence, the numbers are 3, 3.
1 1 dy
25. If x  a tan t , y  a cot t
, then show that x  y  0.
dx
1 1 1
t  cot 1 t
Sol. Consider x  y  a tan t
 a cot t
 a tan  a / 2
 x  y  a  /4
dy
 x   y 1  0
dx
dy
x  y  0.
dx
x2
28. Find  2 dx .
(x  4)(x 2  9)
t A B
Sol. Consider    t  A(t  9)  B(t  4) {where t  x 2
(t  4)(t  9) t  4 t  9
4 9
On comparing the coefficients of like terms both sides, we get A   , B 
5 5
2
x  4 1 9 1 
 2 2
dx      2   2  dx
(x  4)(x  9)  5 (x  4) 5 (x  9) 
4 1 x 9 1 x
   tan 1   tan 1  C
5 2 2 5 3 3
2 x 3 x
  tan 1  tan 1  C .
5 2 5 3
dy 2y 1
29. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation   sin .
dx x x
OR
(b) Find the particular solution of the differential equation
dy 
 sin(x  y)  sin(x  y) , given that when x  , y  0.
dx 4
dy 2 1
Sol. (a) On comparing the given D.E. with  P(x)y  Q(x) , we get P(x)   , Q(x)  sin
dx x x
2
  dx 2
Now integrating factor  e x  e 2log x   elog x   x 2 .
1 1
The solution is give by, x 2  y   2  sin dx  C
x x

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1 1
Put  t  2 dx  dt in the integral
x x
y
 2    sin t dt  C  cos t  C
x
y 1
Therefore, 2  cos  C is the required solution of D.E.
x x
OR
dy  CD CD
(b)  sin(x  y)  sin(x  y)  sin C  sin D  2sin cos
dx  2 2
dy
  2sin x cos y
dx
  sec y dy   2sin x dx
 log sec y  tan y  2 cos x  C
  1
It is given that when x  , y  0 so, log sec 0  tan 0  2 cos  C  log 1  2  C
4 4 2
C 2
Hence, the particular solution of D.E. is log sec y  tan y  2  2cos x .
30. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.
Maximize : z  600x  400y
Subject to the constraints :
x  2y  12,
2x  y  12,
x  1.25y  5,
x, y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.

Corner points Value of z  600x  400y

A(0, 6) 2400
B(0, 4) 1600
C(5, 0) 3000
D(6, 0) 3600
E(4, 4) 4000  Max. value

Therefore, the maximum value of z is 4000

and it is obtained at (4, 4).

34. Find the area of the region bounded by the lines y  4x  5, x  y  5 and 4y  x  5 , using
integration.
Sol. The given lines y  4x  5, x  y  5 and 4y  x  5 form a triangle.
0 3
13
Required area   (4x  5)dx   (5  x)dx  (x  5)dx
1 0
4 1
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CBSE 2023 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)

1 0 1 3 1 3
Required area   (4x  5)2   (5  x)2    (x  5) 2 
8  1 2 0 8 1

1 1 1
  25  1   4  25   64  16
8 2 8
21
 3 6
2
15
 Sq.units .
2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
With regards,
O.P. GUPTA
Author & Math Mentor
Indira Award Winner
 The O.P. Gupta Advanced Math Classes
@ Think Academy, Najafgarh
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24 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics