CBSE 2023 EXAMINATIONS

XII MATHEMATICS (041)

Series EF1GH/4 ♦ Q.P. Code 65/4/1; 65/4/2; 65/4/3
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Time Allowed : 180 Minutes Max. Marks : 80
General Instructions :
1. This Question paper contains five sections - A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQs and 02 Assertion-Reason (A-R) based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 05 questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 06 questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 04 questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 03 Case-study / Source-based / Passage-based questions with sub-parts (4
marks each).
3. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in
 02 Questions of Section B
 03 Questions of Section C
 02 Questions of Section D
 02 Questions of Section E
You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.

 Q.P. Code - 65/4/1

SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
1  2 4
01. If x    y      , then
2 5  9 
(a) x  1, y  2 (b) x  2, y  1 (c) x  1, y  1 (d) x  3, y  2
 x  2y   4 
Sol. (b) On simplification, we shall get   
 2x  5y  9 
By equality of matrices, x  2y  4, 2x  5y  9
On solving the equations, we get x  2, y  1 .
 a b  a b
02. The product    is equal to
b a  b a 
a 2  b2 0   (a  b)2 0
(a)   (b)  
 0 a 2  b2  2
 (a  b) 0
 a 2  b2 0 a 0
(c)  2 2  (d)  
 a  b 0 0 b
 a b   a  b   a 2  b 2 ab  ab   a 2  b 2 0 
Sol. (a)      2 2 
 .
  b a   b a   ab  ab b  a   0 a  b2 
2

03. If A is a square matrix and A 2  A , then (I  A)2  3A is equal to

(a) I (b) A (c) 2A (d) 3I
Sol. (a) (I A)2  3A  (I  A)(I  A)  3A  I I  I A  A I  A A  3A
 I  A  A  A 2  3A
 IA A  I ( A 2  A

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04. If a matrix A  1 2 3 , then the matrix AA (where A is the transpose of A ) is

 1 0 0  1 2 3
(a) 14 
(b) 0 2 0  (c)  2 3 1  (d) [14]
   
 0 0 3  3 1 2 
1 
Sol. (d) A A  1 2 3  2   1  4  9  14  .
 
3 
xy yz zx
05. The value of z x y is
1 1 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x  y  z (d) 2(x  y  z)
Sol. (a) On expanding along third row, we get
1(y 2  yz  x 2  zx)  1(xy  y 2  z 2  zx)  1(x 2  xy  yz  z 2 )
 (y 2  yz  x 2  zx)  ( xy  y 2  z 2  zx)  (x 2  xy  yz  z 2 )  0
Note : You may use properties of determinants also to save your time.
06. The function f (x)  x is
(a) continuous and differentiable everywhere
(b) continuous and differentiable nowhere
(c) continuous everywhere, but differentiable everywhere except at x  0
(d) continuous everywhere, but differentiable nowhere
Sol. (c) f (x)  x is continuous everywhere, but differentiable everywhere except at x  0 .
dy
07. If y  sin 2 (x 3 ), then is equal to
dx
(a) 2sin x 3 cos x3 (b) 3x 3 sin x 3 cos x3 (c) 6x 2 sin x 3 cos x 3 (d) 2x 2 sin 2 (x 3 )
dy
Sol. (c)  2sin (x 3 ) cos (x 3 )  3x 2  6x 2 sin x 3 cos x 3 .
dx
5log x
08.  e dx is equal to
x5 x6
(a) C (b) C (c) 5x 4  C (d) 6x 5  C
5 6
5 x6
Sol. (b)  e5log x dx   elog x dx   x 5dx  C.
6
a
09. If  3x 2dx  8, then the value of ‘a’ is
0

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 10

a
Sol. (a)  3x 2 dx  8
0
a
  x 3   8
0
3
 a  0  8 a  2 .
dy
10. The integrating factor for solving the differential equation x  y  2x 2 is
dx
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1
(a) e y (b) e x (c) x (d)
x
dy  1 
Sol. (d) On rewriting the D.E., we get     y  2x
dx  x 
dy 1
On comparing this D.E. with  P(x)y  Q(x) , we have P(x)  
dx x
 1
 
 dx 1 1
So, integrating factor  e  x   e  log x  e log x   x 1 or, .
x
2 3
 d 2 y   dy   dy 
11. The order and degree (if defined) of the differential equation,  2      x sin  
 dx   dx   dx 
respectively are
(a) 2, 2 (b) 1, 3 (c) 2, 3 (d) 2, degree not defined
Sol. (d) Order : 2, Degree : not defined.
12. A unit vector along the vector 4iˆ  3kˆ is
1 1 1 ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
(a) (4iˆ  3k)ˆ (b) (4iˆ  3k) ˆ (c) (4i  3k) (d) (4i  3k)
7 5 7 5
4iˆ  3kˆ 4iˆ  3kˆ 4iˆ  3kˆ 4iˆ  3kˆ
Sol. (b) Required unit vector     .
4iˆ  3kˆ 42  0 2  ( 3) 2 16  9 5
   
13. If  is the angle between two vectors a and b , then a  b  0 only when
 
(a) 0    (b) 0    (c) 0     (d) 0    
2 2
    
Sol. (b) Since a  b  a b cos   0 and 0  cos   1 when 0    .
2
14. Distance of the point (p, q , r) from y-axis is
(a) q (b) q (c) q  r (d) p2  r 2
Sol. (d) p2  r 2 .
15. The solution set of the inequation 3x  5y  7 is
(a) whole xy-plane except the points lying on the line 3x  5y  7
(b) whole xy-plane along with the points lying on the line 3x  5y  7
(c) open half plane containing the origin except the points of line 3x  5y  7
(d) open half plane not containing the origin
Sol. (c) open half plane containing the origin except the points of line 3x  5y  7.
16. Which of the following points satisfies both the inequalities 2x  y  10 and x  2y  8?
(a) ( 2, 4) (b) (3, 2) (c) (5, 6) (d) (4, 2)
Sol. (d) Only (4, 2) satisfies both the inequalities.
1 1 1
17. If the direction cosines of a line are  , ,  , then
a a a 
(a) 0  a  1 (b) a  2 (c) a  0 (d) a   3
2 2 2
1 1 1 3
Sol. (d) Since l 2 m 2  n 2  1 so,          1  2  1 a   3 .
a a a a

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4 3
18. The probability that A speaks the truth is and that of B speaking the truth is . The
5 4
probability that they contradict each other in stating the same fact is
7 1 3 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
20 5 20 5
Sol. (a) Assume that, ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote the event that A speaks the truth and B speaks the truth,
4 3 1 1
respectively. Then, P(A)  , P(B)  , P(A)  , P(B)  .
5 4 5 4
4 1 1 3 7
So, required probability  P(A)P(B)  P(A)P(B)      .
5 4 5 4 20
Question number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two
statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
19. Assertion (A) : All trigonometric functions have their inverses over their respective domains.
Reason (R) : The inverse of tan 1 x exists for some x  .
Sol. (d) Since ‘all trigonometric functions have their inverses over their respective restricted
domains’. That means, Assertion (A) is false. So, we can mark (d) as the correct option.
     
Note that, tan 1 x :     ,  . So, inverse of tan 1 x, tan x :   ,    .
 2 2  2 2
As it is given that the ‘inverse of tan x exists for some x   ’. So, Reason (R) is true.
1

       
20. Assertion (A) : The lines r  a1   b1 and r  a 2  b 2 are perpendicular, when b1  b 2  0.
     
Reason (R) : The angle  between the lines r  a1   b1 and r  a 2  b 2 is given by
 
b1  b 2
cos     .
b1 b2
Sol.(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
SECTION B
This section comprises very short answer (VSA) type questions of 2 marks each.
21. (a) Find the domain of y  sin 1 (x 2  4).
OR
  7 
(b) Evaluate cos1 cos     .
  3 
Sol. (a) For y  sin (x  4) to be defined, x 2  4  [1, 1] i.e., 1  x 2  4  1
1 2

 1  4  x 2  4  4  1  4
 3  x2  5
 5  x   3 or 3  x  5
 x  [ 5,  3]  [ 3, 5] .
The domain is x  [ 5,  3]  [ 3, 5] .
OR

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  7          
(b) cos1 cos      cos 1  cos  2     cos1 cos     .
  3    3    3  3
dy
22. If (x 2  y 2 )2  xy, then find .
dx
Sol. (x 2  y 2 ) 2  xy
 dy  dy
 2(x 2  y 2 )   2x  2y    x   y 1
 dx  dx
 dy  dy
 (x 2  y 2 )  4x  (x 2  y2 )  4y    x   y
 dx  dx
dy
 (x 2  y 2 )  4y  x    y  4x  (x 2  y 2 )
dx
dy y  4x  (x 2  y 2 )
  .
dx (x 2  y 2 )  4y  x
23. Find the maximum and minimum values of the function given by f (x)  5  sin 2 x .
Sol. Since 1  sin 2 x  1  x  Real nos.
So, 1  5  sin 2 x  5  1  5
That is, 4  f (x)  6 .
So, the maximum value of f (x) is 6 and minimum value is 4.
1
24. If the projection of the vector ˆi  ˆj  k on the vector piˆ  ˆj  2k is , then find the value(s) of
3
‘p’.

(iˆ  ˆj  k).(pi 
ˆ  ˆj  2k) 1
Sol. According to question, 
p 2  12  ( 2) 2 3
p 1 2 1 p 1 1
   
2
p 5 3 2
p 5 3
p 2  2p  1 1
On squaring both sides, we get 
p2  5 9
 9p2  18p  9  p 2  5
 8p 2  18p  4  0 i.e., 4p 2  9p  2  0
 (4p  1)(p  2)  0
1
So, p  , 2 .
4
25. (a) Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and perpendicular to
x 1 y  2 z  3 x y z
both the lines   ;   .
1 2 3 3 2 5
OR
(b) The equations of a line are 5x  3  15y  7  3  10z. Write the direction cosines of the line
and find the coordinates of a point through which it passes.
x  2 y 1 z  3
Sol. (a) Equation of required line (L) passing through (2, 1, 3) is   ; where a, b, c
a b c
are the direction ratios of the line (L).

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x 1 y  2 z  3 x y z
Since line (L) is perpendicular to the lines   and   .
1 2 3 3 2 5
Therefore, we must have a  2b  3c  0 and  3a  2b  5c  0
7a
On solving, we get b   , c  2a
2
7a
That is, the d.r.’s of line (L) will be a,  , 2a i.e., 2, 7, 4 .
2
x  2 y 1 z  3
Hence the equation of line (L) is   .
2 7 4

Required vector equation is r  2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ  (2iˆ  7ˆj  4k)
ˆ .
OR
3 7 3 3 7 3
x y z x y z
(b) Rewriting the line : 5 15  10 i.e., 5 15  10 .
1 1 1 6 2  3

5 15 10
Therefore, the direction ratios of this line are 6, 2, –3.
6 2 (3) 6 2 3
Hence the direction cosines are  , , i.e.,  ,  ,  .
36  4  9 49 7 7 7 7
3 7 3 
Also the coordinates of a point through which this line passes :  ,  ,  .
 5 15 10 
SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
x2  x  1
26. Find  dx .
(x  1)2 (x  2)
x2  x 1
Sol. Let I   dx
(x  1)2 (x  2)
x2  x 1 A B C
Consider   
(x  1) (x  2) x  2 x  1 (x  1) 2
2

 x 2  x  1  A(x  1)2  B(x  1)(x  2)  C(x  2)

On comparing the coefficients of like terms on both sides, we get A  3, B  2, C  1 .
 3 2 1 
Therefore, I      2 
dx
 x  2 x  1 (x  1) 
1
 I  3log x  2  2 log x  1  C.
x 1
 /2
 1  sin 2x 
27. (a) Evaluate  e 2x   dx .
 /4  1  cos 2x 
OR
2 2
x
(b) Evaluate  dx .
2
1  5x
 1  sin 2x 
Sol. (a) Let I   e 2x   dx
 1  cos 2x 
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dt
Put 2x  t  dx 
2
 t t
1  2 sin cos 
1 t  1  sin t  1 t 2 2 dt  1 e t  1 cosec 2 t    cot t   dt
 I  e   dt   e 
2 2
t    
2  1  cos t  2  2sin 2  2  2 
 2 
t 1 t 1  t 1
Note that f (t)   cot  f (t)  cosec 2 so, I  e t   cot    e 2x cot x
2 2 2 2  2 2
 /2
2x  1  sin 2x  1 2x  /2 1  / 2 e / 2
Now e
  1  cos 2x  dx    e cot x     (e  0)  (e  1)   .
 /4 2   /4 2  2
OR
2 2
x
(b) Let I   x
dx …(i)
2 1  5
2 2
(2  2  x)2 x2
I  ( 2  2  x )
dx   x
dx
2 1  5 2 1  5
2
5x  x 2
I 2 5x  1 dx …(ii)
2
Adding (i) and (ii), 2 I   x 2 dx
2
3 2
x  1 16
 2 I     8  (8) 
 3  2 3 3
8
 I .
3
ex
28. (a) Find  dx .
5  4e x  e 2x
OR
 /2
(b) Evaluate  sin x cos5 x dx .
0

Sol. (a) Put e  t  e x dx  dt

x

ex 1 1 1
So  dx   dt   dt   dt
5  4e x  e 2x 5  4t  t 2 9  (4  4t  t 2 ) 32  (t  2)2
x
 t2 1  e  2 
 sin 1    C  sin  C.
 3   3 
OR
/ 2
(b) Let I   sin x cos 5 x dx
0
/ 2
2
I  sin x 1  sin 2 x  cos xdx
0


Put sin x  t  cos xdx  dt . When x   t  1 and, when x  0  t  0 .
2

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1
2
 I   t 1  t 2  dt
0
1 1
I t 1  2t 2  t 4  dt    t  2t 5/ 2  t 9/ 2  dt
0 0
1
2 4 2 
 I   t t  t 7/ 2  t11/2 
3 7 11 0
2 4 2  64
 I        0  0  0  .
 3 7 11 231
29. (a) Find the particular solution of the differential equation
dy x  y
 , y(1)  0.
dx x
OR
(b) Find the general solution of the differential equation
e x tan y dx  (1  e x )sec 2 y dy  0.
dy  1 
Sol. (a) Rewriting the D.E.,    y 1
dx  x 
dy 1
On comparing with  P(x) y  Q(x) , we get P(x)   , Q(x)  1
dx x
 1
   x dx 1
 I.F.  e  e log x   elog x   x 1
1 1
Solution is given by    y     1dx  C
x x
y
  log x  C
x
0
As y(1)  0 i.e., y  0 when x  1 so,  log 1  C  C  0
1
y
Hence, the required particular solution is  log x or, y  x log x .
x
Note : We can solve this D.E. by putting y  vx as well.
OR
x 2
e dx sec y dy
(b) Rewriting the D.E.,  0
(1  e x ) tan y
e x dx sec 2 y dy
On integrating, we get   0
(1  e x )  tan y
e x dx sec 2 y dy
   0
(1  e x )  tan y
  log 1  e x  log tan y  log C, C  0
tan y tan y
 log x
 log C i.e.,  C is the required general solution.
1 e 1  ex
30. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.
Minimize : z  3x  4y
Subject to the constraints :

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x  2y  8, 3x  2y  12,
x , y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.

Corner points Value of z  3x  4y

A(0, 4) 16
B(2, 3) 6
C(4, 0) 12  Minimum

Therefore, minimum value of z  3x  4y is

12 and it is obtained at (4, 0).

31. From a lot of 30 bulbs which include 6 defective bulbs, a sample of 2 bulbs is drawn at random
one by one with replacement. Find the probability distribution of the number of defective bulbs
and hence find the mean number of defective bulbs.
Sol. Let X : number of defective bulbs out of 2 bulbs drawn with replacement.
So, X = 0, 1, 2.
6 1 4
Let E : getting defective bulbs. So, P(E)   , P(E)  1  P(E)  .
30 5 5
16 8
Now P(X  0)  P(E)  P(E)  ; P(X  1)  2P(E)  P(E)  ;
25 25
1
P(X  2)  P(E)  P(E)  .
25
Table for probability distribution is given below.
X 0 1 2
P(X) 16 8 1
25 25 25
16 8 1 10 2
Mean   X P(X)  0   1  2    .
25 25 25 25 5
SECTION D
This section comprises long answer (LA) type questions of 5 marks each.
 1 1 2 
32. Find the inverse of the matrix A   0 2 3 . Using the inverse, A 1 , solve the system of
 
 3 2 4 
linear equations x  y  2z  1; 2y  3z  1; 3x  2y  4z  3.
1 1 2
Sol. For A  0 2 3 , A  1(2)  1(9)  2( 6)  1 .
 
 3 2 4 
2 0 1  2 0 1 
adj.A 
Also adj.A   9 2 3  A 1
 9 2 3 
  A  
 6 1 2   6 1 2 

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1 1 2  x 1
Now the equations can be expressed as : PX  B , where P  0 2 3 , X  y , B  1
   
     
 3 2 4   z  3
Therefore, X  P 1B  A 1B [ P  A
 2 0 1  1
So, X   9 2 3 1
  
 6 1 2  3
 x   2  0  3  1 
  y   9  2  9    2 
     
 z   6  1  6   1 
 By equality of matrices : x  1, y  2, z  1 .
33. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y 2  4ax and its latus
rectum.
Sol. We have y 2  4ax
Since the latus-rectum passes through the focus
(a, 0) of the parabola.
Note that the curve is symmetrical about x-axis.
a
 
 Required area  2  2 a  xdx 
 0 
2 a
  4 a   x x 
3 0

8
  a   a a  0 
3
2
8a
  Sq. units .
3
34. (a) If N denotes the set of all natural numbers and R is the relation on N  N defined by
(a, b) R (c, d), if ad (b c)  bc(a  d). Show that R is an equivalence relation.
OR
 4 4x
(b) Let f :       be a function defined as f (x)  . Show that f is a one-one
 3 3x  4
function. Also, check whether f is an onto function or not.
Sol. (a) We have (a, b) R (c, d) given as ad (b  c)  bc (a  d)
Reflexivity : Let (a, b)  N  N
 ab (b  a)  ba (a  b)
 (a, b) R (a, b) . So, R is reflexive.
Symmetry : Let (a, b), (c, d)  N  N . Let (a, b) R (c, d)  ad (b  c)  bc (a  d)
 cb (d  a)  da (c  b)
 (c, d) R (a, b) . So, R is symmetric.
Transitivity : Let (a, b), (c, d), (e, f )  N  N
Since (a, b) R (c, d)  ad (b  c)  bc (a  d)

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1 1 1 1
    (Dividing by ‘abcd’ both sides
b c a d
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Now (a, b) R(c, d)     and (c, d) R (e, f )    
a d b c c f d e
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Adding these two equations, we get :       
a d c f b c d e
1 1 1 1
   
a f b e
 (a, b) R (e, f )
Hence, R is transitive.
Since R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive so, it is an equivalence relation.
OR
 4
(b) Let A      .
 3
4x
So, f : A   given by f (x)  .
3x  4
Let f (x1 )  f (x 2 )  x1 , x 2  A
4x1 4x 2
 
3x1  4 3x 2  4
 3x1x 2  4x1  3x1x 2  4x 2
 x1  x 2
So, f (x) is one-one.
4x
Let y  f (x)  , y
3x  4
 3xy  4y  4x
 x(4  3y)  4y
4y
x
4  3y
4
Note that, y  but, it is given that y   .
3
That is, Range  codomain so, f is not onto.
35. (a) Show that the following lines do not intersect each other :
x 1 y 1 z 1 x  2 y 1 z 1
  ;   .
3 2 5 4 3 2
OR
(b) Find the angle between the lines
2x  3y  z and 6x   y  4z .
  
Sol. (a) For the given lines, a1  ˆi  ˆj  k, ˆ a  2iˆ  ˆj  k,
ˆ b  3iˆ  2ˆj  5k; ˆ b  4iˆ  3jˆ  2kˆ
1 2 2

ˆi ˆj kˆ
     
 a 2  a1  3iˆ  2ˆj  2k,
ˆ b  b  3 2 5  19iˆ  26ˆj  k,
1 2
ˆ b  b  1038
1 2

4 3 2

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   
(a 2  a1 ).(b1  b 2 ) (3iˆ  2jˆ  2k).(
ˆ 19iˆ  26jˆ  k)
ˆ
57  52  2 107
 S.D.       0
b1  b 2 1038 1038 1038
Since S.D.  0 so, the lines do not intersect each other.
OR
x y z x y z
(b) Rewriting the given lines,   and   .
3 2 6 2 12 3
The direction ratios of these lines are respectively 3, 2, –6 and 2, –12, –3.
a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c2 (3)(2)  (2)(12)  (6)(3)
Using cosθ  , we get cos θ 
a12  b12  c12 a 2 2  b22  c2 2 9  4  36 4  144  9

6  24  18 
 cos θ  0   .
7  157 2
Therefore, the required angle between the lines is 90o .
SECTION E
(Question numbers 36 to 38 carry 4 marks each.)
This section contains three Case-study / Passage based questions.
First two questions have three sub-parts (i), (ii) and (iii) of marks 1, 1 and 2 respectively.
Third question has two sub-parts of 2 marks each.
CASE STUDY I
36. Let f (x) be a real valued function. Then its
f (a  h)  f (a)
• Left Hand Derivative (L.H.D.) : Lf (a)  lim
h0 h
f (a  h)  f (a)
• Right Hand Derivative (R.H.D.) : Rf (a)  lim
h0 h
Also, a function f (x) is said to be differentiable at x  a if its L.H.D. and R.H.D. at x  a exist
and both are equal.
x 3 , x 1

For the function f (x)   x 2 3x 13 answer the following questions :
   , x 1
4 2 4
(i) What is R.H.D. of f (x) at x  1?
(ii) What is L.H.D. of f (x) at x  1?
(iii) Check if the function f (x) is differentiable at x  1.
OR
(iii) Find f (2) and f  (1).
 x 2 3x 13
 4  2  4 , x 1

Sol. (i) Here f (x)  3  x, 1  x  3
 x  3, x  3


Note that f (1)  3  1  2 .

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f (1  h)  f (1) (3  1  h)  2
Now Rf (1)  lim  lim  lim (1)  1 .
h 0 h h 0 h h 0

(1  h) 3(1  h) 13 1  2h  h  6  6h  13 h 2  4h  8
2 2
(ii) f (1  h)     
4 2 4 4 4
2 2
h  4h  8 h  4h
2
f (1  h)  f (1) 4  h4
Now Lf (1)  lim  lim  lim 4  lim     1 .
h 0 h h  0 h h  0 h h  0
 4 
(iii) Since Rf (1)  Lf (1)  1 so, the function f (x) is differentiable at x  1.
OR
2
 x 3x 13 x 3
   , x 1   , x 1
 4 2 4 2 2

(iii) Since f (x)  3  x, 1  x  3 implies, f (x)  1, 1  x  3 .
 x  3, x  3 1, x  3
 
 
(1) 3
Hence, f (2)  1 and f  (1)    2 .
2 2
CASE STUDY II
37. A building contractor undertakes a job to construct 4 flats on a plot along with parking area. Due
to strike the probability of many construction workers not being present for the job is 0.65. The
probability that many are not present and still the work gets completed on time is 0.35.
The probability that work will be completed on time when all workers are present is 0.80.
Let E1 : represent the event when many workers were not present for the job;
E 2 : represent the event when all workers were present; and
E: represent completing the construction work on time.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) What is the probability that all the workers are present for the job?
(ii) What is the probability that construction will be completed on time?
(iii) What is the probability that many workers are not present given that the construction job
was completed on time?
OR
(iii) What is the probability that all workers were present given that the construction job was
completed on time?
Sol. Here P(E1 )  0.65 , P(E 2 )  1  0.65  0.35 , P(E | E1 )  0.35 , P(E | E 2 )  0.80 .
(i) Probability that all the workers are present for the job  P(E2 )  0.35 .
(ii) P(E)  P(E1 )P(E | E1 )  P(E 2 )P(E | E 2 ) (Total probability
 P(E)  (0.65)(0.35)  (0.35)(0.80)
 P(E)  0.5075 .
P(E1 )P(E | E1 )
(iii) By using Bayes’ theorem, P(E1 | E) 
P(E1 )P(E | E1 )  P(E 2 )P(E | E 2 )
(0.65)(0.35) 0.65 13
 P(E1 | E)    .
0.5075 1.45 29
OR
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P(E 2 )P(E | E 2 )
(iii) By using Bayes’ theorem, P(E 2 | E) 
P(E1 )P(E | E1 )  P(E 2 )P(E | E 2 )
(0.35)(0.80) 0.80 16
 P(E 2 | E)    .
0.5075 1.45 29
CASE STUDY III
38. Sooraj’s father wants to construct a rectangular garden using a brick wall on one side of the
garden and wire fencing for the other three sides as shown in the figure.
He has 200 metres of fencing wire.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions :

(i) Let ‘x’ metres denote the length of the side of the garden perpendicular to the brick wall and
‘y’ metres denote the length of the side parallel to the brick wall.
Determine the relation representing the total length of fencing wire and also write A(x) , the area
of the garden.
(ii) Determine the maximum value of A(x).
Sol. (i) Consider the diagram shown below.

Here AB  BC  CD  200
 x  y  x  200
 2x  y  200
Also, area of garden  xy  x (200  2x)
Therefore, A(x)  x (200  2x)
 A(x)  200x  2x 2 .

(ii) Since A(x)  200x  2x 2

 A(x)  200  4x
Also, A(x)  4  0 (Case of maxima)
For A(x)  0, 200  4x  0  x  50
Now maximum value of A(x), A(50)  200  50  2  502  2  50(100  50)  5000 m 2 .

 Q.P. Code - 65/4/2

 1 1 1  x   6 
01. If  0 1 1  y    3  , then the value of (2 x  y z) is
    
 0 0 1  z   2 
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5

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 x  y  z  6 
Sol. (d) On simplification,  y  z   3 
   
 z   2 
So, x  y  z  6, y  z  3, z  2
Clearly, x  3, y  1, z  2
 (2 x  y z)  2  3  1  2  5 .
2 7 1
05. The value of the determinant 1 1 1 is
10 8 1
(a) 47 (b) 79 (c) 49 (d) 51
2 7 1
Sol. (a) Expanding along first row, we get 1 1 1  2( 7)  7(9)  1(2)  47 .
10 8 1
dy
07. If y  log(sin e x ), then is
dx
(a) cot ex (b) cosec e x (c) ex cot e x (d) e x cosec e x
dy 1
Sol. (c) y  log(sin e x ) , then  x
 cos e x  e x  e x cot e x .
dx sin e
4
2x
09.  (e  x) dx is equal to
0

15  e8 16  e8 e8  15 e8  15
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
4 4
 e 2x x 2  1 e8  15
Sol. 2x
(a)  (e  x) dx       e8  16    e 0  0    .
0  2 2  0
2 2
dy y  1
13. The number of solutions of the differential equation  , when y(1)  2, is
dx x  1
(a) zero (b) one (c) two (d) infinite
Sol. (a) Note that we have been given conditions y (1)  2 i.e., when x  1, y  2 .
dy
At x  1 , will not be defined. Therefore, we will not have any solutions for given D.E.
dx
16. For two events A and B, if P(A)  0.4, P(B)  0.8 and P(B | A)  0.6, then P(A B) is
(a) 0.24 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.48 (d) 0.96
P(B  A)
Sol. (d)  P(B | A)   0.6  0.4  P(B  A)
P(A)
 P(A  B)  0.24
Now P(A B)  P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B)  0.4  0.8  0.24  0.96 .
21. Find the interval in which the function f (x)  2 x 3  3x is strictly increasing.
Sol. f (x)  2 x 3  3x
 f (x)  6 x 2  3  3(2x 2  1)  3( 2x  1)( 2x  1)
For f (x)  0, 6 x 2  3  0

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1
x
2
 1   1 
As f (x)  0 in  ,   ,   so, the function f (x) is strictly increasing in the
 2  2 
 1   1 
interval  ,   ,  .
 2  2 
   
25. If a  4i  j  k and b  2i  2j  k , then find a unit vector along the vector a  b.
ˆi ˆj kˆ
 
Sol. a  b  4 1 1  ˆi  2ˆj  6kˆ
2 2 1
 
  a  b ˆi  2jˆ  6kˆ 
 a  b  1  4  36  41
Now the unit vector along the vector a  b    
ab 41 

x2
26. Find  x 2  6x  12 dx .
x2  6x  12   2x  4 
Sol. Let I   2 dx    1  2  dx   1dx  3  2  dx
x  6x  12  x  6x  12   x  6x  12 
 (2x  6) 2 
 I  x  3  2 dx   2 dx 
 x  6x  12 x  6x  12 
 (2x  6) 2 
 I  x  3  2 dx   2 2
dx 
 x  6x  12 (x  3)  ( 3) 
 2  x  3 
 I  x  3  log x 2  6x  12  tan 1    C
 3  3 
 x 3
 I  x  3log x 2  6x  12  2 3 tan 1   C.
 3 
27. Two fair dice are thrown simultaneously. If X denotes the number of sixes, find the mean of X.
Sol. Here X  0,1, 2 (As we may have 0, 1 or 2 sixes on the throw of two dice).
6 1 5
Let E : getting six on the pair of dice. So, P(E)   , P(E)  1  P(E)  .
36 6 6
5 5 25
When 0 six comes then, P(X  0)  P(E)  P(E)    ,
6 6 36
5 1 10
When only 1 six comes then, P(X  1)  2 C1P(E)  P(E)  2 C1   ,
6 6 36
1 1 1
When 2 sixes come then, P(X  2)  P(E)  P(E)    .
6 6 36
Table for probability distribution is given below.
X 0 1 2
P(X) 25 10 1
36 36 36
25 10 1 12 1
Mean of X,  X P(X)  0  P(0)  1 P(1)  2  P(2)  0  36  1 36  2  36  36  3 .
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31. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.

Maximize z  3x  5y
Subject to the constraints
2x  y  4,
x  y  3,
x  2y  2,
x  0, y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.
Corner points Value of z  3x  5y
A(0, 4) 20
B(0,3) 15
8 1 29
C ,    Max. value
 3 3 3
Since the feasible region is unbounded so,
29
z may or may not be the
3
maximum value of z .
29
To check, let 3x  5y   .
3
29
Note that 3x  5y   and feasible
3
region don’t have any common point.

29 8 1
Therefore, z   is the maximum value and it is obtained at  ,  .
3 3 3
32. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the circle x 2  y 2  16, line y  x and
y-axis, but lying in the 1st quadrant.
Sol. For x 2  y2  16 , radius is 4 units and centre is at (0, 0).
Solving x 2  y2  16 and y  x , we get x 2  x 2  16
 x2  8  x  2 2
Points of intersection : (2 2,  2 2) .
2 2 4
Required area   ydy   16  y 2 dy
0 2 2
4
1 2 y 2 16 y
  y 2    16  y 2  sin 1 
2 0
2 2 4 2 2
1     
 8  0    0  8     2  2 2  8   
2  2  4 
 2 Sq.units .

 Q.P. Code - 65/4/3

01. If A is a 3  4 matrix and B is a matrix such that A B and A B are both defined, then the order
of the matrix B is

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CBSE 2023 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)

(a) 3  4 (b) 3  3 (c) 4  4 (d) 4  3

Sol. (a) Assume that the order of matrix B is m  n .
Order of A is 4  3 and that of B is n  m .
As A B is defined so, m  3 and A B is also defined so, n  4 .
Hence, order of B is 3  4 .
02. If the area of a triangle with vertices (2,  6), (5, 4) and (k, 4) is 35 sq. units, then k is
(a) 12 (b) 2 (c) 12,  2 (d) 12,  2
2 6 1
1
Sol. (d) Area of triangle, magnitude of 5 4 1  35
2
k 4 1
2 6 1
 5 4 1  70
k 4 1
 2(0)  6(5  k)  1(20  4k)  70
 50  10k  70
Consider 50  10k  70, 50  10k  70
 k  2, 12 .
03. If f (x)  2 x  3 sin x  6, then the right hand derivative of f (x) at x  0 is
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2
f (x)  f (0)
Sol. (b) R f (0)  lim
x 0 x 0
 2 x  3 sin x  6   (6)
 R f (0)  lim   f (0  2 0  3 sin 0  6  6
x 0 x 0
2x  3sin x
 R f (0)  lim  x  0 , 2 x  3 sin x  2x  3sin x
x 0 x
 sin x 
 R f (0)  lim  2  3    2  3 1  5 .
x 0  x 
 
10. The sine of the angle between the vectors a  3i  j  2k and b  i  j  2k is
5 5 3 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
21 21 21 21
ˆi ˆj kˆ
  
Sol. ˆ a  b  16  4  2 5 ;
(a) a  b  3 1 2  4ˆj  2k,
1 1 2
 
a  9  1  4  14, b  1  1  4  6 .
 
ab 2 5  
So, sin      , where  is the angle between vectors a and b
a b 14  6
5 5
 sin   i.e., sin   .
21 21
16. The point (x, y, 0) on the xy-plane divides the line segment joining the points (1, 2, 3) and
(3, 2, 1) in the ratio

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(a) 1: 2 internally (b) 2 : 1 internally (c) 3 : 1 internally (d) 3 : 1 externally

Sol. (d) Let the point (x, y, 0) divides the line segment joining the points (1, 2, 3) and (3, 2, 1) in
the ratio k :1 .
 3k  1 2k  2 k  3 
So, (x, y, 0)   , , 
 k 1 k 1 k 1 
k 3
On comparing z-coordinates on both sides, we get 0   k  3
k 1
That means, point (x, y, 0) divides the line segment joining the points (1, 2, 3) and (3, 2, 1) in
the ratio 3 :1 externally.
17. The events E and F are independent. If P(E)  0.3 and P(E  F)  0.5, then P(E | F)  P(F | E)
equals
1 2 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 7 35 70
Sol. (d) Since P(E  F)  P(E)  P(F)  P(E  F)
 P(E  F)  P(E)  P(F)  P(E)  P(F) [ P(E  F)  P(E)  P(F)
2
 0.5  0.3  P(F) 1  0.3  P(F) 
7
P(E  F) P(E  F) P(E)  P(F) P(E)  P(F)
Now P(E | F)  P(F | E)      P(E)  P(F)
P(F) P(E) P(F) P(E)
3 2 1
 P(E | F)  P(F | E)    .
10 7 70
dy y(x  1)
21. If xy  e x  y , then show that  .
dx x(y  1)
Sol. xy  e x  y …(i)
dy  dy 
 x   y  1  e x  y  1  
dx  dx 
dy  dy 
By (i), x   y  xy   1  
dx  dx 
dy dy
 x   y  xy  xy 
dx dx
dy
  x  xy    xy  y
dx
dy y(x  1)
  .
dx x(y  1)
24. Find the point on the curve y 2  8x for which the abscissa and ordinate change at the same rate.
Sol. Let the required point on y 2  8x be (x, y).
d d dy dx
Now (y 2 )  (8x)  2y 8
dt dt dt dt
dx dy dx dx
   2y 8
dt dt dt dt
y4
Therefore, 42  8x  x  2
Hence the required point is (2, 4).

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2
26. Find  (1  x)(1  x 2
dx .
)
2 A B(2x)  C
Sol. Consider 2
 
(1  x)(1  x ) 1  x 1  x2
 2  A(1  x 2 )  B(2x)(1  x)  C(1  x)
1
On comparing the coefficients of like terms on both sides, we get A  1, B  , C  1 .
2
 1 
 1 (2x)  1 
2
Hence,  2
dx    2 2  dx
(1  x)(1  x )  1  x 1  x 
 
 1 1 (2x) 1 
     dx
1  x 2 1  x 1  x 
2 2

1
  log 1  x   log 1  x 2  tan 1 x  C .
2
1 3 1/3
(x  x )
27. (a) Evaluate  dx .
1/3
x4
OR
3
(b) Evaluate   (x  1)  (x  2)  dx .
1
1/3
1  3
1
(x  x 3 )1/3  x (x 2  1)  1
x(x 2  1)1/3
1
(x 2  1)1/3
Sol. (a) Let I   dx   dx   x4 dx   x3 dx
1/3 x4 1/3 x4 1/3 1/3

dx dt 1
Put x 2  1  t  3
  . Also when x   t  8, x  1  t  0 .
x 2 3
0 8
1 1 1 3 8
 I    t1/3dt   t1/3dt    t 4/3 
28 20 2 4 0

3
I 16  0  6 .
8
OR
3
(b) Let I    (x  1)  (x  2)  dx
1
3 3
 I   (x  1) dx   (x  2) dx
1 1
3 2 3
 I   (x  1)dx   (x  2) dx   (x  2) dx
1 1 2
3 2 3
 I   (x  1)dx   (x  2)dx   (x  2)dx
1 1 2
1 3 1 2 1 3
I  (x  1) 2    (x  2)2   (x  2) 2 
2 1 2 1 2 2

1 1 1 4 11
 I   4  0   0  1  1  0   3.
2 2 2 2
28. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.
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Maximize z  5x  3y
Subject to the constraints
3x  5y  15,
5x  2y  10,
x , y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.

Corner points Value of z  5x  3y

A(0, 3) 9
 20 45  235
B ,   Max. value
 19 19  19
C(2, 0) 10
235
Therefore, maximum value of z is and
19
 20 45 
it is obtained at  ,  .
 19 19 

x  11 y  2 z  8
32. (a) Find the image of the point (2,  1, 5) in the line   .
10 4 11
OR
x  2 y 1 z
(b) Vertices B and C of ABC lie on the line   . Find the area of ABC given
2 1 4
that point A has coordinates (1,  1, 2) and the line segment BC has length of 5 units.
Sol. (a) Let A (2,  1, 5) .
x  11 y  2 z  8
Also, let the line (L) :   .
10 4 11
The direction ratios of line (L) are 10, –4, –11.
Draw AP  line (L).
Coordinates of any random point on the line (L) :
P(10  11,  4  2,  11  8) .
The direction ratios of line AP :
10  9,  4  1,  11  13 .
As AP  line (L) so, using a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2  0 we get
10(10  9)  (4)(4  1)  (11)( 11  13)  0
 100  16  121  90  4  143  0
   1 .
That is, the foot of perpendicular is P(1, 2,3) .
Let B(, ,  ) be the image of point A in the line (L).
Clearly, point P will be mid-point of AB.
   2  1   5 
Therefore, P  , ,   P(1, 2,3)
 2 2 2 
On comparing the coordinates, we get   0,   5,   1 .
Hence, the required image of point A (2,  1, 5) in the line (L) is B(0,5,1) .
OR
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CBSE 2023 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)

(b) Consider the diagram shown below.

The coordinates of any random point on line (L)
x  2 y 1 z
    will be P(2  2,   1, 4) .
2 1 4
For some value of  , let AP  line (L).
The direction ratios of AP are 2  3,   2, 4  2 and
also, the direction ratios of line (L) are 2, 1, 4.
Using a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2  0 , we get
4
2(2  3)  1(  2)  4(4  2)  0  .
7
 6 11 16 
Therefore, P   , ,  .
 7 7 7
2 2 2
 6   11   16  497 1
Now AP     1    1    2    497 .
 7  7  7  49 7
1 1 1 5 497
Hence, the area of ABC   BC  AP   5  497  Sq. units.
2 2 7 14

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Indira Award Winner
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